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Green Preparation of Ammonium Polyphosphate With shell-core structure for Enhancing Fire Safety of Thermoplastic Polyurethane

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POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES 2025年第1期36卷

作者： Duan, Jiahao Shi, Congling Yang, Ling Qian, Xiaodong Wan, Mei Zhu, Hongqing Wang, Houwang China Univ Min & Technol Beijing Sch Emergency Management & Safety Engn Beijing Peoples R China China Acad Safety Sci & Technol Beijing Key Lab Metro Fire & Passenger Transportat Beijing Peoples R China Capital Univ Econ & Business Sch Management Engn Beijing Peoples R China

In the recent years, the development of high-performance flame retardants (FRs) for thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) has become increasingly important due to its wide applications in various industries and the growing demand for fire safety. In this study, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was used as the core, whereas chitosan (CS) and nano-silica (SiO2) served as the shell to create a shell-core-structured FR through a self-assembly process in an aqueous phase. APP, APP@CS, and APP@CS@SiO2 were incorporated into TPU at a concentration of 20 wt%, and their effects on TPU properties were compared. The findings showed that APP@CS@SiO2 exhibited superior flame retardancy for TPU. Compared to pure TPU, the TPU/APP@CS@SiO2 showed reductions in peak heat release rate, total heat release, peak smoke production rate, total smoke production, peak CO production rate, and peak CO2 production rate by 58%, 80%, 80.5%, 89.1%, 20.4%, and 60.1%, respectively. Additionally, APP@CS@SiO2 effectively inhibited the thermal degradation of TPU and enhanced its thermal stability, resulting in the residual carbon content of the composite rising to 28.5%, which is about 20 times higher than that of pure TPU. In conclusion, APP@CS@SiO2 significantly improved the fire safety of TPU by efficiently catalyzing char formation in the condensed phase, diluting flammable gases, and hindering gas-phase free radical chain reactions, thereby opening new avenues for the practical application of TPU composites.

关键词： fire safety green preparation shell-core structure thermoplastic polyurethane

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Hydrogel Fiber Actuators Prepared by shell-core structure for High‑Performance Water/Light Dual Response

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Advanced Fiber Materials 2024年第6期6卷 1887-1897页

作者： Qianqian Wang Linping Zhang Yi Zhong Hong Xu Zhiping Mao Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco‑Textile Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringDonghua UniversityShanghai 201620China Shanghai Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Textile Intelligent Manufacturing Innovation Center for Textile Science and TechnologyDonghua UniversityShanghai 201620China

Spiral fibers with high energy storage and high output efficiency are highly desirable for soft robots and ***,it is still a great challenge to achieve spiral fibers with excellent water actuation performance,structural stability,and high scalability in a low-cost strategy.A coaxial spiral structure is reported for the fabrication of high-performance fiber *** developed shell-core helical fiber actuators were based on alginate/poly(ethylene glycol)acrylate shell and alginate/GO core with green and excellent *** to the high water-absorbing-swelling capacity and energy storage of the shell,the prepared spiral fibers are characterized by fast response,high energy output,and good repeatability of *** the other hand,the core endows the spiral fibers with the additional features of strong force retention and photothermal *** shell-core spiral structure promotes the output efficiency of the twisted fiber actuator with a large rotation(2500°/cm),untwisting speed(2250 rpm),and recovery speed(2700 rpm).In addition,the tertiary spiral structure based on TAPG fibers exhibits excellent humidity and photothermal response *** application of fibers to smart textiles enables efficient human epidermal thermal management.

关键词： Hydrogel fibers shell-core structure Rapid response Large recovery speed Water/light dual response

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Enhancing creep resistance performance in silica-based ceramic core materials through shell-core structure

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JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY 2024年第14期44卷

作者： Chen, Xiao Lu, Gang Yan, Qingsong Gao, Peng Xu, Siming Tu, Zhixin Nanchang Hangkong Univ Sch Aeronaut Mfg Engn Natl Def Key Lab Light Alloy Proc Sci & Technol Nanchang 330063 Peoples R China

The creep behavior of silica-based ceramic cores significantly impacts dimensional precision in investment casting. This study focuses on synthesizing an alumina coating on fused silica surfaces to create a shell-core structure. The creep behavior of silica-based ceramic cores was explored. Specifically, the influence of the shell-core structure on their creep mechanism was investigated. The results revealed the excellent creep resistance of silica-based ceramic cores with shell-core structures. The softening deformation of particles and the viscous flow of the glass phase were observed to account for the differences in creep behavior. The alumina shell structure reinforced the powders, effectively inhibiting the softening deformation of the core structure. Notably, the shell-core structure not only suppressed the viscous flow of the glass phase, thereby weaking the pore filling process, but also promoted the mullitization reaction. This reaction accelerated the consumption of the glass phase, enhancing the creep resistance of the silica-based ceramic cores.

关键词： Silica-based ceramic core shell-core structure Creep behavior Pore filling process Mullitization

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Hydrophilic Ni(OH)2@CoB nano-chains with shell-core structure as an efficient catalyst for oxygen evolution reaction

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JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS 2020年 844卷 156129-156129页

作者： Lu, Jun Ji, Shan Kannan, Palanisamy Wang, Hui Wang, Xuyun Wang, Rongfang Qingdao Univ Sci & Technol Coll Chem Engn State Key Lab Base Ecochem Engn Qingdao 266042 Peoples R China Jiaxing Univ Coll Biol Chem Sci & Chem Engn Jiaxing 314001 Peoples R China

Enormously active and cost-effective electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are the critical components to produce hydrogen via water splitting using the electricity produced from renewable energy sources. Herein, inspired by the highly electric conductivity of CoB, shell-core structured Ni(OH)(2)@CoB nano-chains are synthesized as highly active OER catalyst with the assistance of the magnetic field. In the shell-core structured Ni(OH)(2)@CoB nano-chains, Ni(OH)(2) nanoflakes were directly grown onto CoB nano-chains via a facile and wet chemical method. Ni(OH)(2) in nanoflake form can provide more available active sites on the surface for electrochemical reaction that is evidenced by high BET surface area (648.9 m(2) g-(1)). At the current density of 10 mA cm(-2), the over potentials of OER occurred on Ni(OH)(2)@CoB is 320 mV. The obtained Ni(OH)(2)@CoB also shows very good OER durability without any observable decline for 12 h. The high OER catalytic performance combined with its low-cost makes the Ni(OH)(2)@CoB nano-chains promising OER catalyst for water splitting in alkaline media. (c) 2020 Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： CoB Ni(OH)(2) shell-core structure Nano-chain Oxygen evolution reaction

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Enhancing polymer fiber orientation with 3D-printed shell-core structures

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JOURNAL OF NON-NEWTONIAN FLUID MECHANICS 2025年 335卷

作者： Lou, Mengfan Ouyang, Zhenyu Ningbo Univ Minist Educ Lab Impact & Safety Engn Ningbo 315201 Peoples R China

This study numerically investigates the flow dynamics and fiber orientation in enhanced polymer shell-core structures during 3D printing using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method. A microstructure-based fiber suspension model, coupled with a shear-thinning viscosity model, is employed to assess the effects of varying material viscosities, fiber aspect ratios and volume fractions, and substrate speeds on fiber orientation distribution. Our results demonstrate that fiber orientation in deposited layers is particularly sensitive to variations in the viscosity of the shell material, while changes in the core material viscosity have a smaller and more localized impact on fiber orientation. Furthermore, fiber orientation is strongly influenced by the product of the fiber aspect ratio alpha r and volume fraction phi;as alpha r phi increases, fibers tend to align with the flow direction of materials. However, adjusting the fiber aspect ratio and volume fraction while maintaining the same alpha r phi results in slight changes to fiber alignment. Additionally, lower substrate speeds cause upstream material accumulation, increasing deposition layer height and creating differences in fiber orientation between the core and shell regions. An appropriate increase in substrate speed can mitigate these effects.

关键词： Fused deposition modeling (FDM) Fiber orientation shell-core structure Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method

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shell-core structured nanofibers mediate staged anti-inflammatory and pro-neurogenic activities to repair peripheral nerve

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MATERIALS RESEARCH EXPRESS 2024年第8期11卷 085006-085006页

作者： Lin, Zhichuan Zhong, Rui Xu, Yong Wu, Yan Ru, Chen Hainan Med Univ Hainan Gen Hosp Hainan Affiliated Hosp Dept Neurol Haikou Peoples R China Hainan Med Univ Hainan Gen Hosp Hainan Affiliated Hosp Dept Radiotherapy Haikou Peoples R China Tongji Univ Shanghai Pulm Hosp Sch Med Dept Thorac Surg Shanghai Peoples R China Hainan Med Univ Hainan Gen Hosp Hainan Affiliated Hosp Dept Emergency Haikou Peoples R China Hainan Med Univ Hainan Gen Hosp Hainan Affiliated Hosp Dept Breast Surg Haikou Peoples R China

The inflammatory reaction significantly impedes the neurogenic process during the restoration of peripheral nerve injury (PNI). Therefore, establishing a non-inflammatory environment is crucial for effective nerve regeneration. This study proposes the use of shell-core structured nanofibers with sequential anti-inflammatory and pro-neurogenic activities to repair PNI. Icariin (ICA), known for its anti-inflammatory effects, was blended with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) to form the shell layer's spinning solution. Concurrently, glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) was combined with graphene oxide (GO) to create the core layer's spinning solution. These solutions were then subjected to co-axial electrospinning, resulting in shell-core structured GDNF@GO-ICA@PLGA nanofibers. Additionally, a control group of unordered GDNF/GO/ICA/PLGA nanofibers was prepared using conventional electrospinning. The resulting GDNF@GO-ICA@PLGA nanofibers exhibited distinct fibrous structures with a clear shell-core architecture and demonstrated mechanical properties similar to the control group. Notably, the shell-core structured GDNF@GO-ICA@PLGA nanofibers displayed unique staged release kinetics: over 90% ICA was released priorly within the first 0 to 13 days, followed by GDNF release from days 9 to 31. Furthermore, the GDNF@GO-ICA@PLGA nanofibers showed excellent biocompatibility with Schwann cells. In vitro results highlighted the potent anti-inflammatory capabilities of ICA released from the shell layer, while GDNF released from the core layer effectively induced neurogenic differentiation of Schwann cells. The GDNF@GO-ICA@PLGA nanofibers were then processed into a nerve conduit and applied to a 10 mm rat sciatic PNI model. The staged release of ICA and GDNF facilitated by the GDNF@GO-ICA@PLGA nanofibers created a non-inflammatory environment before initiating nerve regeneration, leading to improved PNI restoration. This study underscores the importance of shell-core s

关键词： shell-core structure staged release kinetic nanofiber anti-inflammation neurogenesis

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Tribological and Wear Properties of Cu-Based Composite Reinforced by core-shell structure in Multi-disk Clutch

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TRIBOLOGY LETTERS 2024年第3期72卷 66-66页

作者： Dong, Yi Ma, Biao Xiong, Cenbo Zhao, Qin Chen, Hao Zhang, Yi Xie, Guoxin Beijing Inst Technol Sch Mech Engn Beijing Peoples R China Tsinghua Univ Dept Mech Engn State Key Lab Tribol Adv Equipment Beijing Peoples R China

This work indicates that the core-shell structure is expected to meet the requirements of high friction and low wear for clutches. In the article, two types of core-shell particles are added to Cu-based friction materials for tribological testing. The results showed that as the concentration increased, the coefficient of friction showed a trend of first increasing (from 0.13 to 0.67) and then decreasing (from 0.67 to 0.57). At the same concentration, the COF of carbon coated copper (Cu@C) friction material is 0.4 higher than that of copper coated carbon (C@Cu) friction material, but the wear rate is 43.1% lower. Both materials exhibit high COF but their wear behavior are different due to the distinct components of the friction film.

关键词： Powder metallurgy Friction and wear shell-core structure Friction film

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Polyethyleneimine modified Au core Rh shell nanodendrites for light-promoted nitrite reduction reaction at low concentration

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第4期103卷 400-407页

作者： Zhe Wang Xiaohui Wang Mengzhu Yun Xinyao Shi Xue Xiao Yan Liu Fan Yang Yucheng Jiang Yu Chen Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal UniversityXi’an 710062ShaanxiChina School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi’an 710062ShaanxiChina Department of Public Security Northwest University of Political Science and LawXi’an 710122ShaanxiChina College of Chemistry and Materials Science Weinan Normal UniversityWeinan 714099ShaanxiChina

Ammonia(NH_(3))is a fundamental chemical in agriculture and an ideal hydrogen ***,NH_(3)synthesis strategies with high efficiency,energy conservation,environmental friendliness,and sustainability are desired *** nitrite(NO_(2)^(-))reduction reaction(NO_(2-)RR)to NH_(3)offers a feasibly low-energy consumption and continuable approach to replace industrial NH_(3)***,polyethyleneimine(PEI)modified Au core Rh shell nanodendrites(Au@Rh-NDs)nanohybrid(Au@Rh-NDs/PEI)with branched structure is synthesized,which achieves the high NH_(3)yield(1.68 mg h^(-1)mg_(cat)^(-1))and Faradaic efficiency(FE)of 95.86%for NO_(2)^(-)-RR at-0.39 V potential in neutral ***,the introduction of PEI significantly enhances the electroactivity of Au@Rh-NDs at low concentration of 1 mM NaNO_(2),which originates from the enrichment function of PEI for NO_(2)^(-)-*** addition,the Au basement permits the sustainable solar power to expedite the NO_(2)^(-)-RR at Au@Rh-NDs/PEI owing to the localized surface plasmon resonance(LSPR)of the Au core *** work may provide an admissible tactic to build excellent catalysts on account of organic molecule-mediated interfacial engineering in a variety of fields of catalysis and electrocatalysis.

关键词： Ammonia shell-core structure Interfacial engineering Nitrite reduction reaction Photothermal and photoelectric effect

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The Thermal Evolution Law of Meso-Microscaled Fe3C

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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE 2025年 1-9页

作者： Liu, Qing-ru Gong, Zhen Xie, De-cong Liu, Yong-xing Miao, Hu-wei Wu, Fa-yu Jing, Wei-jun Univ Sci & Technol Liaoning Sch Mat & Met Anshan 114051 Peoples R China Tech Ctr Ben Gang Grp Corp Benxi 117000 Peoples R China Gansu Jiu Steel Grp Hongxing Iron & Steel Co Ltd Jiayuguan 735199 Gansu Peoples R China

Fe3C plays a crucial role in both structural and functional materials, particularly in the realms of steel manufacturing and carbon nanomaterial synthesis. This research focuses on investigating the thermal structure evolution of highly crystalline meso/microscaled pure phase Fe3C obtained by employing the electrochemical etching method. Various characterization techniques such as x-ray diffraction, micro-Raman spectroscopy system, synchronous thermal analyzer, Scanning Electron Microscope, and Transmission Electron Microscope were utilized to analyze the impact of annealing temperature and atmosphere on the thermal stability of Fe3C. The results show that: The decomposition of Fe3C into Fe and C occurs from the outside to the interior at 600 degrees C under oxygen-free conditions. A multi-chamber composite structure with a 20-30 nm amorphous carbon shell encapsulated Fe is formed. In such shell-core structures, residual Fe3C always persists, the compressive stress from the overall volume expansion, confined by the thick carbon shell, is responsible for that. Under oxygen-poor conditions, the meso-microscaled Fe3C can undergo the globally decomposition which results in the formation of a shell-core structure only at 500 degrees C. The introduction of oxygen etched the carbon shell with a more disordered structure. This structural disturbance releases internal stresses within the compound, facilitating the continuous decomposition of Fe3C, ultimately leading to the formation of nanoscaled particles comprising carbon-encapsulated iron and iron oxide.

关键词： decomposition mechanism Fe3C shell-core structure thermal stability

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Preparation of porous sustainable adsorbent and its adsorption behavior for Pb2+

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ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2025年 274卷 121289页

作者： Guo, Yuhang Chen, Xiao Feng, Xiaoping Zhao, Mingyang Pan, Yating Zhang, Kai Li, Jinhui Wuhan Univ Technol State Key Lab Silicate Mat Architecture Wuhan 430070 Peoples R China Wuhan Univ Technol Sch Mat Sci & Engn Wuhan 430070 Peoples R China Wuhan Text Univ Coll Mat Sci & Engn Wuhan 430200 Peoples R China

Using granulated blast furnace slag as raw material, chitosan and NaCl as modifier, chitosan modified granulated blast furnace slag based porous geopolymer (PCG) was prepared under the activation conditions of NaOH and sodium silicate. It was used to wrap different types of lightweight aggregates to obtain PCG-lightweight aggregate shell-core structure (PCG-L). PCG-L was used for the adsorption of Pb2+. Firstly, the influencing factors on the adsorption performance of the main component materials (PCG, lightweight aggregates) of PCG-L were studied. Then, the static adsorption properties and sustainable adsorption properties of Pb2+ by different shell-core structures were investigated. The relationship between the water absorption characteristics of the paste and the aggregate and the adsorption characteristics of PCG-L towards Pb2+ was established. The adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherms and adsorption thermodynamics were analyzed. Finally, the adsorption mechanism of PCG-L was discussed by Zeta analyzer, FT-IR, EDS, XPS and MIP. The results indicate that as chitosan (0-2 wt%) and NaCl (0-60 wt%) increase, the saturated adsorption capacity of PCG for Pb2+ rises (98.57-159.93 mg/g). The Pb2+ adsorption capacity of lightweight aggregate (0.34-1.21 g/dm3) increases with its water absorption (0.2-15.0%). Under the premise that the water absorption rate of aggregate is greater than that of PCG, the higher the water absorption rate of the two, the stronger the adsorption capacity of the matching PCG-L, the maximum adsorption capacity of A2N30-H is 5.12 g/dm3 and it can still maintain a high removal rate after 40 cycles of adsorption. PCG-L adsorption via ion exchange, electrostatic attraction, surface complexation, and pore fixation.

关键词： Porous geopolymers Chitosan Lightweight aggregate shell-core structure Adsorbent Water treatment

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