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Fitting Nonlinear signal Models Using the Increasing-Data Criterion

IEEE signal processing LETTERS 2022年 29卷 1302-1306页

作者： Li, Jimei Ding, Feng Jiangnan Univ Sch Internet Things Engn Minist Educ Key Lab Adv Proc Control Light Ind Wuxi 214122 Jiangsu Peoples R China

To extract important information about the nonlinear signals, this letter makes the utmost of the fitting advantages of Gaussian and polynomial functions, and proposes a nonlinear signal model with broader applications. Then we focus on the parameter estimation issues of the proposed models in the presence of noises. The stability factor recursive algorithm is devised based on the increasing noisy data, which makes full use of the information from the nonlinear signals. Applying the hierarchical identification principle, a two-stage recursive algorithm with higher computational efficiency is developed for the nonlinear signals. The simulation results test the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms from the aspects of estimation accuracy and prediction effect.

关键词： signal processing algorithms Estimation Parameter estimation Approximation algorithms Stability criteria Prediction algorithms Noise measurement Function approximation nonlinear signal para- meter estimation recursive search hierarchical identification

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An Improved Constrained LMS Algorithm for Fast Adaptive Beamforming Based on a Low Rank Approximation

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS II-EXPRESS BRIEFS 2022年第8期69卷 3605-3609页

作者： Vadhvana, Sanket Yadav, Shekhar Kumar Bhattacharjee, Sankha Subhra George, Nithin V. Indian Inst Technol Gandhinagar Dept Elect Engn Gandhinagar 382355 India

Adaptive beamformers use data from sensor arrays to capture signal from a desired direction without any distortion, in the presence of interfering signals from other directions in a noisy environment. Most beamformers achieve this goal by minimizing their variance while applying distortionless and null constraints in the direction of the desired and interfering signals, respectively. Constrained least-mean-square (CLMS) algorithms have been developed to iteratively update the weights of such beamformers. In this brief, we propose a novel and improved CLMS beamforming algorithm based on a low rank approximation technique called the nearest Kronecker product decomposition. By decomposing the weight vector into a sequence of Kronecker products of smaller vectors, the original weight update process is converted into updates of smaller vectors. The decomposition allows us to control the trade-off between steady-state performance and faster convergence based on the rank of the beamforming system. We derive the update rules of the proposed algorithm, tabulate its computational complexity and perform simulation study to show its superiority.

关键词： Array signal processing signal processing algorithms Steady-state Circuits and systems Sensor arrays Convergence Optimization Adaptive beamforming nearest Kronecker product constrained LMS sensor array signal processing

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DOA Estimation of Coherent Sources Using Coprime Array via Atomic Norm Minimization

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IEEE signal processing LETTERS 2022年 29卷 1312-1316页

作者： Zhang, Xue Zheng, Zhi Wang, Wen-Qin So, Hing Cheung Univ Elect Sci & Technol China Sch Informat & Commun Engn Chengdu 611731 Peoples R China City Univ Hong Kong Dept Elect Engn Hong Kong Peoples R China

In this letter, we develop an effective algorithm for direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation of coherent sources with coprime arrays. Firstly, we generate a virtual uniform linear array (ULA) through coprime array interpolation. Subsequently, we derive an augmented noise-free covariance matrix that is constructed using the entries of the covariance matrix of the virtual ULA outputs, and recover the Hermitian Toeplitz matrix by solving an atomic norm minimization problem with multiple measurement vectors. Finally, the DOAs of coherent sources are estimated via MUSIC spectral search. Unlike the state-of-the-art approach, our algorithm is insensitive to the phase differences among sources. Numerical results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed algorithm over several existing techniques.

关键词： Covariance matrices Direction-of-arrival estimation signal processing algorithms Estimation Minimization Interpolation Atomic measurements Atomic norm minimization coherent sources coprime array DOA estimation interpolation

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Joint Adaptation of ICP Proposal and Target Distribution for Probabilistic Surface Registration

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IEEE signal processing LETTERS 2022年 29卷 259-263页

作者： Hou, Zeyi Zhou, Xiuzhuang Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun Sch Artificial Intelligence Beijing 100876 Peoples R China

Non-rigid surface registration plays a crucial role in various vision applications. Recent advances in probabilistic surface registration implied the effectiveness of Markov-chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling with ICP-based proposals. Despite the progress, the ICP proposal is still less informed for sampling from highly multi-modal parameter space of deformation field, and hence inferred registration solutions can be of limited accuracy. In this letter, we propose to jointly learn the ICP proposal and target distribution in a unified framework, where the step-size of the proposal and the invariant distribution are both adaptively adjusted during sampling, by making full use of geometric and statistical characteristics underlying history samples. Under the conditions of adaptation diminishing, the two adaptation modules can benefit from each other, leading to boosted registration accuracy. Experimental results on surfaces extracted from the SICAS Medical Image Repository demonstrate the improvements in terms of registration accuracy and convergence speed compared to alternative algorithms.

关键词： Proposals Surface treatment Probabilistic logic Strain Convergence signal processing algorithms Markov processes Surface registration Markov-chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) joint adaptation

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Minimum-Variance State and Fault Estimation for Multirate Systems With Dynamical Bias

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS II-EXPRESS BRIEFS 2022年第4期69卷 2361-2365页

作者： Shen, Yuxuan Wang, Zidong Dong, Hongli Northeast Petr Univ Artificial Intelligence Energy Res Inst Daqing 163318 Peoples R China Northeast Petr Univ Heilongjiang Prov Key Lab Networking & Intelligen Daqing 163318 Peoples R China Brunel Univ London Dept Comp Sci Uxbridge UB8 3PH Middx England

This brief is concerned with the joint state and fault estimation problem for a class of multi-rate systems with dynamical bias. To reflect real practice, the multi-rate sampling is considered which allows the sensor sampling rate and the state update rate to be different. The sensor is subject to the sensor fault that changes according to a dynamic equation. Instead of applying the traditional lifting technique, we introduce a time-varying delay into the measurement equation so as to transform the multi-rate systems into single-rate ones. The aim of this brief is to develop a joint state and fault estimation algorithm with minimized estimation error covariance. The recursion of the estimation error covariance is first derived, and appropriate estimator gains are then characterized that minimizes the estimation error covariance. A simulation example on the DC servo system is given to confirm the usefulness of the developed recursive state and fault estimation algorithm.

关键词： Circuit faults State estimation signal processing algorithms Estimation error Mathematical models Heuristic algorithms Delays Fault estimation sensor fault multi-rate sampling dynamical bias

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Delta-Operator-Based Reaching Laws for Sliding Mode Control Design

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS II-EXPRESS BRIEFS 2022年第4期69卷 2136-2140页

作者： Mishra, Jyoti P. Yu, Xinghuo RMIT Univ Sch Engn Melbourne Vic 3000 Australia

Most of the continuous-time algorithms are implemented in the discrete domain. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to have a smooth transition between discrete and continuous time models for enhancing numerical conditioning. Delta-operator is known to provide such flexibility where a delta-operator based dynamic model converges to its continuous counterpart as the sampling time converges to zero. In this brief, delta-operator based novel reaching laws are established. Most importantly, the quasi sliding mode band (QSMB) is calculated via suitable stability analysis in the delta-operator framework. It is shown that when the sampling time converges to zero, the delta-operator based stability analysis provides a similar conclusion to that of continuous-domain analysis. Finally, the theoretical findings are corroborated by some simulation results.

关键词： Circuits and systems Trajectory Sliding mode control Closed loop systems Stability criteria signal processing algorithms Mathematical models Robust control discretization delta-operator sliding mode control

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signal Model and Method for Joint Angle and Range Estimation of Low-Elevation Target in Meter-Wave FDA-MIMO Radar

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IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS 2022年第2期26卷 449-453页

作者： Zheng, Guimei Song, Yuwei Air Force Engn Univ Air & Missile Def Coll Xian 710051 Shaanxi Peoples R China

Frequency diversity array multiple input multiple output (FDA-MIMO) communication system has the advantages of frequency diversity and waveform diversity, so it has attracted extensive attention, especially the joint estimation of angle and range. The existing researches mainly focus on incoherent signals, and conventional coherent signals, which can be solved by spatial smoothing based technologies. However, meter-wave MIMO radar, the target echo signal in low-elevation area has its uniqueness, and decoherence technologies such as spatial smoothing cannot be used. At present, the field of joint angle and range estimation of low-elevation target for meter-wave FDA-MIMO radar is still a gap. This letter focuses on deriving the signal model and proposes a generalized MUSIC algorithm to fill this gap. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the algorithm.

关键词： Estimation Radar Multiple signal classification Mathematical models signal processing algorithms Smoothing methods MIMO radar Meter wave array radar FDA-MIMO radar height measurement generalized MUSIC coherent source

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Layer Pruning for Obtaining Shallower ResNets

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IEEE signal processing LETTERS 2022年 29卷 1172-1176页

作者： Zhang, Ke Liu, Guangzhe Northwestern Polytech Univ Sch Astronaut Natl Key Lab Aerosp Flight Dynam Xian 710072 Peoples R China

Network pruning has become an effective scheme to cut down the network complexity and speed up the inference. Current work mainly focuses on filter pruning, which deletes filters in a structured way. Although the calculation amount is reduced after pruning, the acceleration effect is not obvious. In this letter, we present a layer pruning method to obtain shallower ResNets (LPSR) and significantly reduce the inference latency. Taking advantage of the characteristics of the residual module, we disconnect the unimportant residual mapping and reserve only the identity mapping, thereby equivalently removing the corresponding residual module and achieving the purpose of layer pruning. We adopt Taylor expansion to estimate the impact of disconnecting BN layers in the residual mapping. These impacts are then normalized and used to identify unimportant residual blocks to prune. Comprehensive experimental results demonstrate that LPSR not only reduces the number of parameters and calculations, but also significantly speed up the inference. LPSR improves the accuracy of ResNet-56 on CIFAR-10 from 93.21% to 93.40%, while reducing 44.71% parameters, 52.68% calculations and 44.89% inference latency.

关键词： Training Taylor series Convolution Cost function Sorting signal processing algorithms Kernel Layer pruning model compression network acceleration network pruning

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Azimuth-Elevation Direction Finding With a Pair of Acoustic Vector Sensors in the Presence of a Reflecting Boundary

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IEEE signal processing LETTERS 2022年 29卷 2138-2142页

作者： He, Jin Shu, Ting Truong, Trieu-Kien Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Sch Elect Informat & Elect Engn Shanghai Key Lab Intelligent Sensing & Recognit Shanghai 200240 Peoples R China

This paper is aiming at addressing an azimuth-elevation direction-finding algorithm using a pair of identically oriented acoustic vector sensors located near a reflecting boundary. Two fourth-order cumulant matrices related in terms of a translationally invariant structure are formed for recovering the acoustic vector sensor steering vectors in the particle-velocity coarray domain. Afterward, source azimuth-elevation directions are extracted in closed-form from the estimates of the coarray steering vectors. The identifiability study shows that the algorithm proposed herein can uniquely resolve up to 13 sources, thereby being applicable to underdetermined scenarios, where the number of sources exceeds that of the sensors. This capability constitutes the primary advantage over the many seminal works Hawkes and Nehorai (2000);Wu et al. (2016);Ahmadi-Shokouh and Keshavarz (20007);Tao et al. (2007);Xu and Liu (2007) that pioneered AVS array processing involving reflecting boundaries. Finally, numerical examples are provided to verify the theoretical analysis and demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed algorithm.

关键词： Sensors signal processing algorithms Acoustics Transmission line matrix methods Tensors Matrix decomposition Velocity measurement Direction finding acoustic vector sensor coarray fourth-order cumulant

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Performance Analysis of Separating Function Estimation Test for Impropriety of Complex signals

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IEEE signal processing LETTERS 2022年 29卷 2013-2017页

作者： Lai, Huadong Xu, Weichao Dai, Jisheng Zhou, Yanzhou Yang, Qiyu Guangdong Univ Technol Sch Automat Guangzhou 510006 Guangdong Peoples R China Jiangsu Univ Sch Elect & Informat Engn Zhenjiang 212013 Jiangsu Peoples R China

In this work, a separating function estimation test (SFET) based detector is proposed for the problem of impropriety test of complex signals. With the establishment of closed-form expressions concerning the first two raw moments of the proposed test statistic, we can obtain the analytic form for the probability of false alarm (PFA) based on moment-matching method. Moreover, the threshold can be further obtained for a given user-specified PFA. Numerical examples are provided to verify our theoretical results and demonstrate the performance gain of our proposed detector.

关键词： Detectors Coherence signal processing algorithms Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions Maximum likelihood estimation Probability Performance gain Separating function estimation test (SFET) impropriety test canonical correlation coefficients (CCCs)

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