This study examined the application of Univariate, Bivariate, and Multivariate analysis for an insightful decision making process. The study makes use of a secondary data consisting of 548 patients suffering from a st...
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This study examined the application of Univariate, Bivariate, and Multivariate analysis for an insightful decision making process. The study makes use of a secondary data consisting of 548 patients suffering from a stage III Non- Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) from Cancer data repository. Fourteen (14) attributes made up of 6 quantitative and 8 qualitative variables ranging from clinical, laboratory and socio-demographic measures such as Age (yrs), Body Mass Index (BMI), N-Staging, World Health Oganisation (WHO) performance status and so on were considered in the study. The Univariate analysis was conducted on the obtained data using statistic such as mean, median, percentages and so on to describe the pattern and distribution of the variables. The Bivariate analysis involved the use of t-test, Mann Whitnney test as well as the Chi-Square to test for significance as regards to the patients' status of being dead or alive. The simple logistic regression model (SLRM) was used to examine the patients' risk of death for each of the variables. It was found that the respective SLRM of the Age (yrs), Equivalent Radiation dose in 2-Gy fraction (Eqd 2 ) and the WHO performance status and the Treatment Method variables were respectively significant at a significance level of 0.05. However, all the SLRM with a p-value of < 0.200 were then used to compute a final Multiple logisticregressionmodel (MLRM). The MLRM was significant, 2 (15) = 54.00, p< 0.001. The model explained the 18.50% ( Nagelkerke R 2 ) of the variance in deaths of patients and 80.70% cases were correctly classified. Patients with no chemotherapy treatment are 10.989 times at risk of dying compared to the patients subjected to a concurrent treatment plan. The Area under the Curve (AUC) of the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve for the MLRM of 75.30% provides a better analysis outcome than the ROC of the SLRM of the individual quantitative variables whose highest AUC value is 65.20% indicating that MLRM
Background: Early detection of pediatric HIV through uptake of infant HIV testing is critical for access to treatment and child survival. While structural barriers have been well described, a greater understanding of ...
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Background: Early detection of pediatric HIV through uptake of infant HIV testing is critical for access to treatment and child survival. While structural barriers have been well described, a greater understanding of social and behavioral factors that may relate to maternal uptake of early infant HIV testing services is urgently needed. The aim of this study was to explore how gender power dynamics within couples affect HIV-positive women's uptake of early infant HIV testing at a large health center in Lusaka, Zambia. Methods: In 2014, 320 HIV-positive married postpartum women were recruited at a large public health facility in Lusaka to participate in a cross-sectional survey. Data on uptake of early infant HIV testing by 4-6 weeks of age was collected through medical records. simple and multiple logisticregressionmodels determined significant predictors of maternal uptake of early infant HIV testing. Results: In the adjusted model, uptake of early infant HIV testing was associated with female-directed emotional intimate partner violence (aOR 0.41;95% CI 0.21-0.79;p < 0.01), HIV status disclosure to the male partner (aOR 13.73, 95% CI 3.59-52.49, p < 0.001), and maternal postpartum ART adherence (aOR 2.28, 95% CI 1.15-4.55, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Domestic relationship dynamics, including emotional violence and HIV status disclosure to the male partner, may play an important role in maternal uptake of early infant HIV testing. These findings provide additional evidence for the link between intimate partner violence against women and poor HIV-related health outcomes. Programs that adequately screen for and address various forms of intimate partner violence within the context of prevention of mother-to-child transmission are recommended.
Background: NAFLD impacts patient reported outcomes (PROs). Our aim was to assess the impact of NAFLD on patients' HRQOL. Methods: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001-2011 data were used...
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Background: NAFLD impacts patient reported outcomes (PROs). Our aim was to assess the impact of NAFLD on patients' HRQOL. Methods: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001-2011 data were used to identify adult patients with NAFLD [Fatty Liver Index (ELI) > 60 in absence of other liver disease and excessive alcohol >20 g/day for men, >10 g/day for women). Patients with other chronic diseases (ex. HIV, cancer, end-stage kidney disease) were excluded. Subjects without any of these conditions were healthy controls. HCV RNA (+) patients were HCV-controls. All patients completed NHANES HRQOL-4 questionnaire. Linear regression determined the association between NAFLD and HRQOL components adjusting for age, gender, race, and BMI. Results: Participants with complete data were included (n = 9661);3333 NAFLD (age 51 years and BMI 34 kg/m(2)), 346 HCV+ (age 49 years;BMI 27 kg/m(2)) and 5982 healthy controls (age 48 years and BMI 26 kg/m(2)). The proportion of subjects rating their health as "fair" or "poor" in descending order were HCV controls (30 %) NAFLD (20 %) and healthy controls (10 %) (p < 0.001). HRQOL-4 components scores 2-4 were lowest for HCV, followed by NAFLD and then healthy controls (p-values p = 0.011 to < .0001). After adjustment for age, gender, race, and BMI, NAFLD patients were 18-20 % more likely to report days when their physical health wasn't good or were unable to perform daily activities as a result (p < .0001). Conclusions: NAFLD causes impairment of HRQOL. As NAFLD is becoming the most important cause of CLD, its clinical and PRO impact must be assessed.
Background: To study: (1) the structure and test-retest reliability of a measure of how patients perceive the therapeutic communications skills of their general practitioners (TCom-skill GP), and (2) the associations ...
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Background: To study: (1) the structure and test-retest reliability of a measure of how patients perceive the therapeutic communications skills of their general practitioners (TCom-skill GP), and (2) the associations of that scale with socio-demographic and health-related characteristics, and adherence. Methods: A total of 393 people who lived in the same geographic area and invited to attend a preventive medical centre for a check up were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire concerning TCom-skill GP (15 items), socio-demographic and health-related characteristics, and to answer two questions on perceived adherence. Results: The average age of respondents was 46.8 years (SD 14), and 50.4% were men. The TCom-skill GP score was one-dimensional, had high internal coherence (Cronbach alpha 0.92), and good test-retest reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient 0.74). The overall score was positively related to increasing age. Respondents aged 60+ were more likely to be adherent. The higher the score, the higher the probability of adherence. Multivariate analysis showed that the TCom-skill score was associated with advancing age and the number of consultations with the GP during the previous 3 months, but not with gender, living alone, being employed, job category or educational level. Multivariate analysis also showed that adherence was associated with TCom-skill GP score which concealed the association between adherence and advancing age observed in univariate analysis. Conclusion: The TCom-skill GP scale probably has value in assessing the quality of doctor-patient relationships and therapeutic communications. The psychometric properties of the TCom-skill GP scale were appropriate for its use in this context. Adherence related to the TCom-skill GP and the latter related to the age of patients and the number of their previous consultations. The TCom-skill GP scale may be a useful way to assess, in a specific geographical location, the impact of medi
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