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sketch-based modeling with perception-aware extraction and intention-aware snapping of contours

JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL DESIGN AND ENGINEERING 2025年第3期12卷 1-15页

作者： Jin, Yinghan Huang, Hao Li, Jituo Guo, Liuqiao Zheng, Yifan Zhang, Dongliang Zhejiang Normal Univ Sch Comp Sci & Technol 688 Yingbin Avenu Jinhua 321000 Zhejiang Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Coll Comp Sci & Technol 866 Yuhangtang Rd Hangzhou 310000 Zhejiang Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Sch Mech Engn Dept Toxicol 866 Yuhangtang Rd Hangzhou 310000 Zhejiang Peoples R China

Using 2D sketches as input is an intuitive way to create 3D models. However, accurately sketching freeform strokes by hand from a reference drawing can be time-consuming and repetitive. This paper addresses this issue by proposing an efficient sketch modeling method based on structural part extracting and intention-aware snapping of an input drawing. based on drawing contours, perceptually completed parts are decomposed after completing occlusions, then the boundaries of parts are used as construction curves to inflate 3D shapes. Moreover, user-drawn strokes can be seamlessly snapped onto drawing contours while preserving the user's intention, allowing users to create shapes with different semantics. This approach enables users to easily obtain desired and accurate construction curves without the need for careful contour alignment. To achieve irregular shape design, 3D shapes can be further deformed by a contour deformation method from different viewpoints. We evaluate the method on several drawings and demonstrate our method effectively facilitates the creation of desired 3D models from a guide drawing.

关键词： sketch-based modeling modeling interaction part extraction contour segmentation sketch snapping shape deformation

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sketch-based modeling and adaptive meshes

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COMPUTERS & GRAPHICS-UK 2015年 52卷 116-128页

作者： Brazil, Emilio Vital Amorim, Ronan Sousa, Mario Costa Velho, Luiz de Figueiredo, Luiz Henrique Univ Calgary Dept Comp Sci Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada IMPA Inst Nacl Matemat Pura & Aplicada Rio De Janeiro Brazil

We present a theoretical approach to the problem of sketch-based surface modeling (SBSM) and introduce a framework for SBSM systems based on adaptive meshes. The main advantage of this approach is a clear separation between the modeling operators and the final representation, thus enabling the creation of SBSM systems suited to specific domains with different demands. To support the proposed approach we present two different sketch-based modeling systems built using this framework. The first one has the capability to control local and global changes to the model;the second one follows geological data constraints. To build the first system that provides the user with control of local modifications we developed a mathematical theory of vertex label and atlas structure for adaptive meshes based on stellar operators. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： sketch-based modeling Adaptive mesh Geometric modeling

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sketch-based modeling: A survey

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COMPUTERS & GRAPHICS-UK 2009年第1期33卷 85-103页

作者： Olsen, Luke Samavati, Faramarz F. Sousa, Mario Costa Jorge, Joaquirn A. Univ Calgary Dept Comp Sci Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada Inst Super Tecn Dept Informat Engn Lisbon Portugal

User interfaces in modeling have traditionally followed the WIMP (Window, Icon, Menu, Pointer) paradigm. Though functional and very powerful, they can also be cumbersome and daunting to a novice user, and creating a complex model requires considerable expertise and effort. A recent trend is toward more accessible and natural interfaces, which has lead to sketch-based interfaces for modeling (SBIM). The goal is to allow sketches-hasty freehand drawings to be used in the modeling process, from rough model creation through to fine detail construction. Mapping a 2D sketch to a 3D modeling operation is a difficult task, rife with ambiguity. To wit, we present a categorization based on how a SBIM application chooses to interpret a sketch, of which there are three primary methods: to create a 3D model, to add details to an existing model, or to deform and manipulate a model. Additionally, in this paper we introduce a survey of sketch-based interfaces focused on 3D geometric modeling applications. The canonical and recent works are presented and classified, including techniques for sketch acquisition, filtering, and interpretation. The survey also provides an overview of some specific applications of SBIM and a discussion of important challenges and open problems for researchers to tackle in the coming years. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： sketch-based modeling Interface design Perception

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sketch-based modeling from a paper-based overtraced freehand sketch

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY 2014年第5-8期75卷 705-729页

作者： Chansri, Natthavika Koomsap, Pisut Kasetsart Univ Fac Engn Si Racha Chon Buri Thailand Asian Inst Technol Sch Engn & Technol Pathum Thani Thailand

Freehand sketch is a natural and intuitive communication channel for idea expression. Lines are drawn one after another to create the outline before additional lines are often drawn over the existing ones to make a sketch clearer. Typically, the sketch is transformed to be a 3D CAD model by a designer for use in subsequent operations. sketch-based modeling has been researched to support this transformation but mainly for an online sketch on a digital device. For an offline sketch on a paper, commonly found used in practice, sketch-based modeling remains a challenge because a scanned image conceals enriched information on the sketch in a batch of data points. This paper proposes an approach for reconstructing a 3D model from a paper-based overtraced freehand sketch. Two main modules in this approach are single-line drawing identification and 3D reconstruction. The first module where image processing technique is applied is for transforming a paper-based overtraced freehand sketch to be a single-line drawing in order to generate more information about the sketch (i.e., the number of lines and their starting points and endpoints). The second module where progressive reconstruction approach with cubic corner is applied is for reconstructing a 3D model from the obtained single-line drawing. Steps to be taken in both modules have been formalized. The approach has been successfully implemented on LabVIEW, and tested with several samples.

关键词： Paper-based overtraced freehand sketch Single-line drawing 3D reconstruction sketch-based modeling

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sketch-based modeling with a differentiable renderer

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COMPUTER ANIMATION AND VIRTUAL WORLDS 2020年第4-5期31卷

作者： Xiang, Nan Wang, Ruibin Jiang, Tao Wang, Li Li, Yanran Yang, Xiaosong Zhang, Jianjun Bournemouth Univ Natl Ctr Comp Animat Poole Dorset England Univ Surrey Ctr Vis Speech & Signal Proc Surrey England Bournemouth Univ TA123Tolpuddle Annex 2 Poole BH12 5BB Dorset England

sketch-based modeling aims to recover three-dimensional (3D) shape from two-dimensional line drawings. However, due to the sparsity and ambiguity of the sketch, it is extremely challenging for computers to interpret line drawings of physical objects. Most conventional systems are restricted to specific scenarios such as recovering for specific shapes, which are not conducive to generalize. Recent progress of deep learning methods have sparked new ideas for solving computer vision and pattern recognition issues. In this work, we present an end-to-end learning framework to predict 3D shape from line drawings. Our approach is based on a two-steps strategy, it converts the sketch image to its normal image, then recover the 3D shape subsequently. A differentiable renderer is proposed and incorporated into this framework, it allows the integration of the rendering pipeline with neural networks. Experimental results show our method outperforms the state-of-art, which demonstrates that our framework is able to cope with the challenges in single sketch-based 3D shape modeling.

关键词： deep learning shape prediction sketch-based modeling

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Real-time skeletonization for sketch-based modeling

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COMPUTERS & GRAPHICS-UK 2022年 102卷 56-66页

作者： Ma, Jing Wang, Jin Li, Jituo Zhang, Dongliang Zhejiang Univ Coll Comp Sci Hangzhou 310058 Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Sch Mech Engn Hangzhou 310058 Peoples R China

Skeleton creation is an important phase in the character animation pipeline. However, handcrafting skeleton takes extensive labor time and domain knowledge. Automatic skeletonization provides a solution. However, most of the current approaches are far from real-time and lack the flexibility to control the skeleton complexity. In this paper, we present an efficient skeletonization method, which can be seamlessly integrated into the sketch-based modeling process in real-time. The method contains three steps: (i) local sub-skeleton extraction;(ii) sub-skeleton connection;and (iii) global skeleton refinement. Firstly, the local skeleton is extracted from processed polygon stroke and forms a subpart along with the sub-mesh. Then, local sub-skeletons are connected according to the intersecting relationships and modeling sequence of subparts. Lastly, a global refinement method is proposed to gives users coarse-to-fine control on the connected skeleton. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method on a variety of examples created from both novices and professionals. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Skeletonization sketch-based modeling Straight skeleton

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A survey on geometrical reconstruction as a core technology to sketch-based modeling

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COMPUTERS & GRAPHICS-UK 2005年第6期29卷 892-904页

作者： Company, P Piquer, A Contero, M Naya, F Univ Jaume 1 Dept Mech Engn & Construct E-12071 Castellon de La Plana Spain Polytecn Univ Valencia ETSII DEGI E-46022 Valencia Spain

In this work, the background and evolution of three-dimensional reconstruction of line drawings during the last 30 years is discussed. A new general taxonomy is proposed to make apparent and discuss the historical evolution of geometrical reconstruction and their challenges. The evolution of geometrical reconstruction from recovering know-how stored in engineering drawings to sketch-based modeling for helping in the first steps of conceptual design purposes, and the current challenges of geometrical reconstruction are discussed too. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： sketch-based modeling graphics recognition and interpretation geometrical reconstruction taxonomy single-view reconstruction multiple-view reconstruction perceptual reasoning

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sketch-based modeling in Mechanical Engineering Design: Current Status and Opportunities

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COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN 2022年 150卷

作者： Camba, Jorge D. Company, Pedro Naya, Ferran Purdue Univ W Lafayette IN 47907 USA Univ Jaume 1 Castellon De La Plana Castellon Spain Univ Politecn Valencia Valencia Spain

sketch-based modeling (SBM) is a field of study that focuses on the automatic creation of 3D models from freehand drawings. Today, two related branches coexist: one aimed at facilitating input for 3D content creation, and the other aimed at routing engineering designs into CAD/CAM/CAE. The latter is the goal of this position paper. Early attempts concentrated on the problem of line-drawing interpretation, but efforts switched toward geometric reconstruction as the "inverse projection "problem became the most challenging step to produce 3D models from 2D line-drawings. The term SBM was popularized when sketches began to displace line-drawings as main input. In the context of engineering design, interest in SBM has somewhat decreased, as studies have shown that current SBM tools are not as usable as paper and pencil sketches, nor do they yet provide any additional value to traditional media. Furthermore, engineers feel reasonably comfortable with current Mechanical CAD (MCAD) paradigms based on parametric modeling, and fail to recognize the potential benefits of interacting with computers via sketches. However, new technological trends such as personal fabrication and the democratization of CAD and manufacturing can significantly benefit from improved SBM tools. In this paper, we conduct a meta-review of the SBM literature which we view as a combination of three elements: geometry (shape), psychology (perception), and engineering (function). We advocate for a new approach to SBM based on reformulating the weights of these elements as an approach for searching the set of intentions in sketches conveyed through cues which, when perceived, reveal regularities and features of the object. Finally, we consider quality of CAD models not just as error-free models, reusable models, or even models that convey design intent, but models that consider these interrelated aspects as a whole. B-Rep models produced by current SBM approaches are "dumb models "without parametrization or

关键词： sketch-based modeling Geometric reconstruction Line-drawing interpretation

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A 3D sketch-based modeling Design System with Paper-and-pencil Interface

A 3D Sketch-based Modeling Design System with Paper-and-penc...

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International Conference on Computer Sciences and Applications (CSA)

作者： Ma, Songhua Tian, Ling Tsinghua Univ Dept Mech Engn Beijing 100084 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9780769551258

In this study, a 3D curve sketching system that imitates paper-and-pencil design styling for industrial and architectural designers is presented, which allow directly freeform 3D curve modeling. The system coherently integrates three kinds of curve creation methods: single-view with multi-stroke, two-view epipolar and projection surface, to transitions imperceptible from paper-and-pencil based 2D stroke to freeform 3D curve. Other assistant features of this system include an axis widget for projection surface selection, simplified 3D view navigation, and auto gestures semantic recognition. The system aims to apply the fluent and comfortable modeling environment for rapid idea realization in conceptual design process. An evaluation is performed by an unprofessional designer, and it is powerful and convenient of this sketch-based modeling system in expressing the design intent within a real design process.

关键词： conceptual design sketch-based modeling perspective drawing paper-and-pencil sketching freeform 3D curve

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A new user-friendly sketch-based modeling method using convolution surfaces 18

A new user-friendly sketch-based modeling method using convo...

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18th Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality (SVR)

作者： Ramos, Marcos, Jr. Teixeira, Leandro Martins, Vitor Montenegro, Anselmo Trevisan, Daniela G. Vasconcelos, Cristina Nader Univ Fed Fluminense Comp Inst Dept Comp Sci Niteroi RJ Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781509041497

3d modeling systems are essential tools for creating 3D content for virtual reality systems. They are powerful and sophisticated computer applications with a steep learning curve. When considering simple shape prototyping it is more appropriate to use a software with a simpler and intuitive user interface. This paper proposes a new sketch-based modeling approach relying on convolution surfaces that enables the user to specify 3d shapes of arbitrary topology and resolution from 2d hand-drawn sketches that are embedded and manipulated in 3d space. To make this approach feasible we propose two innovations: the first one is an interaction mechanism to create, manipulate and assemble independent 2d sketches embedded in 3d space relying only on simple rotations, translations and a ray casting step;the second one is a new approach to fit the level set surfaces generated by the convolution of skeleton primitives to the silhouette curves specified by the user. The proposed fitting combines a method that automatically computes weights for the convolution operation with a Stolte's blending function that controls the influence of each implicit functional components to the final shape. We show via experiments and preliminary user tests that our method permits the user to easily express his 3d concepts by sketching and assembling 2d simple drawings in tridimensional space.

关键词： sketch-based modeling convolution surfaces modeling interfaces computational geometry

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