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Design of a full-colors FDM 3D printer: key technical possibilities

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTERACTIVE DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING - IJIDEM 2024年第1期18卷 569-589页

作者： El Messaoudi, Driss Elyessefi, Assiya Buj-Corral, Irene Elmesbahi, Jihad El Mrabet, Mhamed Boulaala, Mohammed Elmesbahi, Abdelilah ISEEC Fac Sci & Tech Ind Syst Engn & Energy Convers Tangier Morocco Univ Politecn Cataluna ETSEIB Mech Engn Barcelona Spain Innovat & Management Ind Syst Fac Sci & Tech Lab Engn L2IMSI Tangier Morocco

3D printing technology is considered as a promising, with applications in a wide range of industries, including aerospace engineering, automotive, and biomedicine. Since the introduction of this technology, a number of 3D printer prototypes have been developed in order to innovate new functionalities or ameliorate some important characteristics of the parts, such as efficiency and accuracy. However, until now, with fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printers, we have not able to find a solution to ensure a full-color print: this technology can only produce mosaic/degraded colored objects. This paper provides a technical feasibility study to help making possible this suitable characteristic and proposes two essential key modules, which are a slicing algorithm and a mixing system specifically developed for full-color FDM 3D printing. The new Design project plan to optimize the most important factors of 3D printing performances, among which accuracy and productivity, allowed workspace of the 3D printer.

关键词： FDM 3D printing Design Multi-extruders Real colors Multi-colors Color mixing Accuracy Resolution Productivity slicing algorithm 3D printing formats

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A graph-based algorithm for slicing unstructured mesh files

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ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING LETTERS 2022年 3卷

作者： Bhandari, Sunil Univ Maine Adv Struct & Composites Ctr Orono ME 04469 USA Univ Maine Dept Civil & Environm Engn Orono ME 04469 USA

Process planning is an important step in additive manufacturing processes that involves the creation of a deposition toolpath from input geometry. The most commonly used input geometry file formats are in the form of unstructured triangular meshes. Previous research works have presented different algorithms for slicing an unstructured triangular mesh by a series of uniformly spaced parallel planes. Recent research works show that the use of hashtable data structures results in an optimal algorithm that improves the efficiency of the slicing process. The presented algorithm minimizes the use of hashtable in the slicing process by using graph-based data structures. It was found that the slicing can be sped up by about 10 times by using the graph-based algorithm compared to the previous algorithm. The use of parallel processing on multi-core processors was explored to further speed up the slicing process. The proposed efficient algorithm can be useful in process planning optimization.

关键词： Additive manufacturing slicing algorithm Contour construction 3d printing

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A fast mesh model for block generation in tunnels

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COMPUTERS AND GEOTECHNICS 2022年 151卷

作者： Yang, Yong Wang, Shuhong Zhang, Minsi Wu, Bo Northeastern Univ Sch Resource & Civil Engn Shenyang 110819 Peoples R China East China Univ Technol Sch Civil & Architecture Engn Nanchang 330013 Peoples R China

In rock tunnels, the intersection of discontinuities and excavation surfaces tends to generate rock blocks, resulting in disasters. The block generation approach is an important study. The element-assembling approach has advantages in terms of robustness and fine characterization;however, the computational speed is a bottle-neck, and efficient subdivision of the rock mass is also urgently needed. In this paper, a fast mesh model for subdividing a tunnel-surrounding rock is proposed using a polyhedron-slicing algorithm, which has obvious advantages in terms of ease of implementation and low requirements for element quality. For the mesh model, a block-generation approach based on an element-assembling idea is presented, and it highlights three innovative measures for improving the computational speed: designing of a new polyhedron data structure for a fast polyhedron-slicing algorithm, the construction and maintenance of the connections between elements, and the use of a composite detection approach for the contact between a discontinuity and an element. The applicability and accuracy of the proposed approach for complex blocks are verified by two cases. Compared with traditional methods, the three measures can improve the computational speed by 45%-55%, 25%-35%, and 15% respectively. Combining them can improve the computational speed by about 90%, indicating that the effect is noticeable. Meanwhile, it has a limitation that a fast mesh model with excavation section is only suitable for tunnels, which can be solved by improving the slicing algorithm in the subsequent work.

关键词： Block theory Block identification Discontinuity Rock tunnel slicing algorithm Element assembling

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Radial slicing for helical-shaped advanced manufacturing applications

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY 2021年第3-4期112卷 1089-1100页

作者： Munasinghe, Nuwan Paul, Gavin Univ Technol Sydney Ctr Autonomous Syst Ultimo Australia

The fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) is transforming industries all around the world focusing on areas including advanced robotics and automation, sensor technology and data analytics. The authors are involved in a project developing a multi-robot material extrusion 3D printer to print a gravity separation spiral (GSS), an instrument used in the mining industry to separate mineral slurry into different density components. Compared with traditional mould-based manufacturing, this new additive manufacturing method will significantly reduce manufacturing tooling costs, improve the customisation to enable the production of bespoke GSS that each processes different minerals and reduce worker exposure to hazardous materials. slicing and printing large-scale helical objects in conventional horizontal layer addition would result in an unreasonable amount of waste material from support structures, and poor surface quality due to step-wise bumps. This paper presents a novel slicing algorithm using concentric vertical ray lines to slice objects radially, enabling layers to be deposited progressively in the same fashion. This method can be applied in large-scale additive manufacturing where objects are printed by a robot in a radial direction, which is different from layered vertical printing in conventional additive systems. An example GSS is sliced to generate motion plans for a print head affixed to the end effector of a robot arm. Then through simulations, it is shown how a robot's expected manipulability measure can be used to predict and ensure the successful completion of the print.

关键词： Advanced manufacturing Additive manufacturing 3D printing slicing algorithm Manipulability

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Type slicing: An accurate object oriented slicing based on sub-statement level dependence graph

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INFORMATION AND SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY 2020年 127卷 106369-106369页

作者： Wang Lulu Li Bixin Kong Xianglong Southeast Univ Sch Comp Sci & Engn Nanjing Peoples R China

Context: Program slicing is very useful in program analysis and software engineering. It computes the slice, which is a part of program and contains all the statements related to the given slicing criterion. The more accurate a slicing technique could be, the smaller the slice is. Objective: This paper aims to improve the current slicing accuracy for object-oriented programs. The slicing accuracy is mainly related to three factors, the dependency graph (which extracts the inner relationships of source code), the slicing criterion (which determines the slicing requirement), and the slicing algorithm (which computes the slice for the criterion from the dependency graph). Method: Our method consists of three parts. First, we present a Sub-Statement Level Dependence Graph (SSLDG), which computes finer-grained dependences for object-oriented programs than mostly-used statement level graph. Second, we present a new type slicing criterion called (Sub-statement) Type slicing Criterion (STSC), which supports the user to specify not only the statement and object variable, but also the type of object among its polymorphic types. At last, a corresponding slicing algorithm called (Sub-statement) Type slicing (STS) is designed to perform the slicing process. Results: We implement STS on Java programs as MyJavaSlicer, and run it with ten open source projects and random slicing criteria. The results show that STS slicing algorithm as well as SSLDG would make slices 35.90% smaller than traditional two-phase slicing;additionally using STSC would make the slices 48.4% further smaller;STSC also helps traditional two-phase slices reduced by 56.90%. Conclusions: STS could provide more accurate slices than traditional two-phase slicing, and it also runs faster on most cases;STSC helps specify the slicing requirement, and roughly halves the size of slices for both slicing algorithms.

关键词： Program slicing System dependence graph Object-oriented program slicing algorithm

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Research on the slicing method with equal thickness and low redundancy based on STL files

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JOURNAL OF THE CHINESE INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERS 2021年第5期44卷 469-477页

作者： Yu, Wenqiang Nie, Zhengwei Lin, Yuyi Shandong Univ Technol Sch Mech Engn Zibo Shandong Peoples R China Nanjing Tech Univ Sch Mech & Power Engn 30 South Puzhu Rd Nanjing 211816 Jiangsu Peoples R China Univ Missouri Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn Columbia MO 65211 USA

Y To preserve characteristics of triangles in random order, with high repetition between the adjacent layers in STL files, a uniform thickness algorithm is proposed to improve the slicing efficiency, which deletes the triangles below the slicing plane gradually to decrease the number of searches for intersecting triangles and establish the dynamic topology based on intersecting triangles to obtain orderly intersections and closed profiles. A slicing program is developed based on a VC++ platform and an OpenGL interface. This slicing program is validated by comparing the slicing efficiency of different slicing methods for three ASCII STL models. The results show that the slicing program developed in this work can significantly improve the slicing efficiency of STL models.

关键词： Rapid prototyping standard template library slicing algorithm dynamic topology

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Research on The Rapid slicing algorithm Based on Triangle Facets Ring

Research on The Rapid Slicing Algorithm Based on Triangle Fa...

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2014 International Conference on Applied Mechanics and Mechanical Automation(AMMA 2014)

作者： Hui-qun YANG Gui-jun LIU Ting WANG Brilliance China Automotive Holdings Co. Ltd.

To efficiently construct the topology of STL file is one of the key factors to improve efficiency of slicing algorithm. In this paper a topology construction algorithm based on triangle facets ring and a rapid slicing algorithm are developed, in which the flag variables are defined to reduce search range when slicing. Then the algorithm can reduce the times of traversing and sorting for the triangle facets and the times of calculation intersection in the slicing processes, and it also can simplify the process of constructing the slice contour so as to improve the efficiency of the slicing algorithm.

关键词： STL file Rapid prototyping Triangle facets ring slicing algorithm

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Process planning of automatic wire arc additive remanufacturing for hot forging die

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY 2020年第5-6期109卷 1613-1623页

作者： Zhang, Jiansheng Zhou, Jie Wang, Qiuyun Xiao, Guiqian Quan, Guozheng Chongqing Univ Coll Mat Sci & Engn Chongqing 400044 Peoples R China

Many problems like precision control difficulty, unstable structure properties, and waste of welding materials were encountered when remanufacturing hot forging die with manual arc surfacing method. Therefore, the automatic wire arc additive remanufacturing (WAAM) technology is put forward. By using failed forging die as remanufacturing substrate, this technology can bring out double advantages of cyclic utilization and high accuracy, which is of great application prospect. In this paper, the WAAM process of a failed crankshaft forging die is studied. Firstly, a new slicing algorithm which gets its outline polygon by classifying and reconstructing the intersection points of triangular patches and tangent planes is proposed. The key thought of this algorithm is to judge the order of these intersection points with normal vector and put them into the "starting" or "ending" arrays. By traversing through these two arrays, the treatment efficiency gets much better than before. Simultaneously, by parameterizing the chord length accumulation, an interpolation fitting algorithm is introduced to improve the accuracy of outline polygon and the criterion equation of outline polygon's orientation is deduced. Then a composite filling algorithm with uniform inside and smooth margin is developed to meet the requirements of WAAM process. Finally, the WAAM process for a failed crankshaft forging die is conducted, which justifies the feasibility of the whole process.

关键词： Wire arc additive remanufacturing slicing algorithm Filling path planning Application test

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Wire and arc additive manufacturing of metal components: a review of recent research developments

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY 2020年第1-2期111卷 149-198页

作者： Liu, Jienan Xu, Yanling Ge, Yu Hou, Zhen Chen, Shanben Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Intelligentized Robot Welding Technol Lab Sch Mat Sci & Engn Shanghai 200240 Peoples R China Shanghai Jiao TongUnivers Shanghai Sch Mat Sci & Engn Shanghai Key Lab Mat Laser Proc & Modificat Shanghai 200240 Peoples R China

Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is an important metal 3D printing method, which has many advantages, such as rapid deposition rate, low cost, and suitability for large complex metal components manufacturing, and it has received extensive attention. This paper summarizes the research developments of WAAM in recent years, including the WAAM-suitable metal materials and processing technology, deposition strategy optimization including slicing and path planning algorithm, multi-sensor monitoring and intelligent control, and the large complex metal components manufacturing technology. The promising development directions of WAAM are prospected, including the research of new materials and new technology, composite manufacturing, multi-sensor and real-time monitoring, algorithmic optimization of metal filling strategy, and the application of artificial intelligence technology in WAAM, etc.

关键词： WAAM Weldability slicing algorithm Path planning Multi-sensor Intelligent control Large complex metal components manufacturing

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MeshSlicer: A 3D-Printing software for printing 3D-models with a 6-axis industrial robot

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Procedia CIRP 2021年 99卷 110-115页

作者： Jan Werner Mohamed Aburaia Alexander Raschendorfer Maximilian Lackner CDP – Center for Digital Production GmbH Seestadtstraße 27/16 1220 Vienna Austria University Of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien Höchstädtplatz 6 1200 Vienna Austria

Robot based fused filament fabrication (FFF) has various advantages compared to normal FFF. A major disadvantage is that there is no software which can generate the needed robot code. Therefore, a software was developed, which is able to process a model in the form of a STL file in such a way, that a finished robot code is created. This code can be executed directly on an ABB robot (other robots can be easily implemented). The software is capable of using all six degrees of freedom (DOF) of the used robot and of calculating possible collisions during the printing process.

关键词： Fused-Filament-Fabrication Robot-based FFF Freeform 3D Printing slicing algorithm Robot postprocessing

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