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Proceedings of the 28th international conference on software engineering

作者： Rick Kazman Kevin Sullivan University of Hawaii and SEI/CMU Pittsburgh PA University of Virginia Charlottesville VA

This paper presents the 8th International Workshop on economics-Driven software engineering Research (EDSER-8).

ISBN: (纸本)9781595933751

This paper presents the 8th International Workshop on economics-Driven software engineering Research (EDSER-8).

关键词： software engineering economics EDSER

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AUTOMATING OUTPUT SIZE AND REUSE METRICS IN A REPOSITORY-BASED COMPUTER-AIDED software engineering (CASE) ENVIRONMENT

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON software engineering 1994年第3期20卷 169-187页

作者： BANKER, RD KAUFFMAN, RJ WRIGHT, C ZWEIG, D NYU STERN SCH BUSINESSNEW YORKNY 10012 SEER TECHNOL NEW YORKNY 10001 USN POSTGRAD SCHDEPT ADM SCIMONTEREYCA 93943

Measurement of software development productivity is needed in order to control software costs, but it is discouragingly labor-intensive and expensive. Computer-aided software engineering (CASE) technologies-especially repository-based, integrated CASE-have the potential to support the automation of this measurement. In this paper, we discuss the conceptual basis for the development of automated analyzers for function point and software reuse measurement for object-based CASE. Both analyzers take advantage of the existence of a representation of the application system that is stored within an object repository, and that contains the necessary information about the application system. We also discuss metrics for software reuse measurement, including reuse leverage, reuse value, and reuse classification that are motivated by managerial requirements and the efforts, within industry and the IEEE, to standardize measurement. The functionality and the analytical capabilities of state-of-the art automated software metrics analyzers are illustrated in the context of an investment banking industry application that is similar to systems deployed at the New York City-based investment bank where these tools were developed and tested.

关键词： COMPUTER-AIDED software engineering (CASE) FUNCTION POINT ANALYSIS OBJECT-BASED DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMING PRODUCTIVITY REPOSITORIES REUSE software COSTS software engineering economics software METRICS

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Integrating Technical Debt Management and software Quality Management Processes: A Normative Framework and Field Tests

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON software engineering 2019年第3期45卷 285-300页

作者： Ramasubbu, Narayan Kemerer, Chris F. Univ Pittsburgh Joseph M Katz Grad Sch Business Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA

Despite the increasing awareness of the importance of managing technical debt in software product development, systematic processes for implementing technical debt management in software production have not been readily available. In this paper we report on the development and field tests of a normative process framework that systematically incorporates steps for managing technical debt in commercial software production. The framework integrates processes required for technical debt management with existing software quality management processes prescribed by the project management body of knowledge (PMBOK), and it contributes to the further development of software-specific extensions to the PMBOK. We partnered with three commercial software product development organizations to implement the framework in real-world software production settings. All three organizations, irrespective of their varying software process maturity levels, were able to adopt the proposed framework and integrate the prescribed technical debt management processes with their existing software quality management processes. Our longitudinal observations and case-study interviews indicate that the organizations were able to accrue economic benefits from the adoption and use of the integrated framework.

关键词： Technical debt software quality software maintenance software engineering economics cost of quality software product development software process software extension to PMBOK case study

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PRODUCTIVE CAPACITY OF A SYSTEM FOR software-DEVELOPMENT

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INFORMATION & MANAGEMENT 1984年第5期7卷 253-261页

作者： ITALIANI, M UNIV MILAN IST CIBERNETI-20133 MILANITALY

Although many previous studies have advanced useful propositions for programming productivity measurement and software cost estimation, few models and techniques have been used for evaluating the performance of a software staff. Economic aspects of software production make it necessary to assess the performance of a Systems for software Development (SSD), beginning with consideration of the variables to be measured. The resources (people, tools, and services) of an SSD are analyzed using a technique based on ''conventional experience'' and ''relative capacity'' and introducing a ''working environment quality coefficient.'' A workload matrix involving development activities is employed to examine the workload of an SSD. Evaluation of the productive capacity of an SSD therefore considers both the resources and the workload of the system.

关键词： Productive capacity Relative capacity software development software engineering economics Work experience Working environment Workload

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UNDERSTANDING AND CONTROLLING software COSTS

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON software engineering 1988年第10期14卷 1462-1477页

作者： BOEHM, BW PAPACCIO, PN TRW DEF SYST GRPTECHNOL EDUC PROGRAMREDONDO BEACHCA 90278 TRW DEF SYST GRPQUANTUM LEAP PROGRAMREDONDO BEACHCA 90278 TRW DEF SYST GRPELECTR & DEF SECTORDIV SYST DEVMANHATTAN BEACHCA UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES COMP SCILOS ANGELESCA 90024

Understanding of software costs is important because of the overall magnitude of these costs (in 1985, roughly $70 billion per year in the U.S. and over $140 billion per year worldwide) and the fundamental impact software will have on our future quality of life. Section I of this paper discusses these issues. Section II, the main portion of the paper, discusses the two primary ways of understanding software costs. The 'black-box' or influence-function approach provides useful experimental and observational in- sights oh the relative software productivity and quality leverage of various management, technical, environmental, and personnel options. The 'glass-box' or cost distribution approach helps identify strategies for integrated software productivity and quality improvement programs, via such structures as the value chain and the software productivity opportunity tree. The individual strategies for improving software productivity identified in Section II are: • writing less code; • getting the best from people; • avoiding rework; • developing and using integrated project support environments. Section It provides overall surveys of early and recent progress along these and other lines identified by the opportunity tree. Better understanding of software costs leads to better methods of controlling software project costs, and vice versa. Section III discusses these issues. It points out that a good framework of techniques exists for controlling software budgets, schedules, and work completed, but that a great deal of further progress is needed to provide an overall set of planning and control techniques covering software product qualities and end-user system objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

关键词： Index Terms-Programming productivity software costs software engineering economics software management software metrics software productivity

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Managing the business of software product line: An empirical investigation of key business factors

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INFORMATION AND software TECHNOLOGY 2007年第2期49卷 194-208页

作者： Ahmed, Faheem Capretz, Luiz Fernando Univ Western Ontario Dept Elect & Comp Engn London ON N6A 5B9 Canada

Business has been highlighted as a one of the critical dimensions of software product line engineering. This paper's main contribution is to increase the understanding of the influence of key business factors by showing empirically that they play an imperative role in managing a successful software product line. A quantitative survey of software organizations currently involved in the business of developing software product lines over a wide range of operations, including consumer electronics, telecommunications, avionics, and information technology, was designed to test the conceptual model and hypotheses of the study. This is the first study to demonstrate the relationships between the key business factors and software product lines. The results provide evidence that organizations in the business of software product line development have to cope with multiple key business factors to improve the overall performance of the business, in addition to their efforts in software development. The conclusions of this investigation reinforce current perceptions of the significance of key business factors in successful software product line business. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： key business factor software product line software engineering economics management strategic planning marketing strategy

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Evaluating alternative software production functions

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON software engineering 1997年第6期23卷 379-387页

作者： Hu, Q FLORIDA ATLANTIC UNIV DEPT INFORMAT & DECIS SCIFT LAUDERDALEFL 33301 USA

software development projects are notorious for cost overruns and schedule delays. While dozens of software cost models have been proposed, few of them seem to have any degree of consistent accuracy. One major factor contributing to this persistent and wide spread problem is an inadequate understanding of the real behavior of software development processes. We believe that software development could be studied as an economic production process and that established economic theories and methods could be used to develop and validate software production and cost models. Here, we present the results of evaluating four alternative software production models using the P-test, a statistical procedure developed specifically for testing the truth of a hypothesis in the presence of alternatives in econometric studies. We found that the truth of the widely used Cobb-Douglas type of software production and cost models (e.g., COCOMO) cannot be maintained in the presence of quadratic or translog models. Overall, the quadratic software production function is shown to be the most plausible model for representing software production processes. Limitations of this study and future directions are also discussed.

关键词： software engineering economics software cost models production functions software process modeling software development

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Productivity paradoxes revisited

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EMPIRICAL software engineering 2017年第2期22卷 818-847页

作者： Duarte, Carlos Henrique C. BNDES Ave Republ Chile 100 BR-20001970 Rio De Janeiro RJ Brazil

The adoption of quality assurance methods based on software process improvement models has been regarded as an important source of variability in software productivity. Some companies perceive that their implementation has prohibitive costs, whereas some authors identify in their use a way to comply with software development patterns and standards, produce economic value and lead to corporate performance improvement. In this paper, we investigate the relationship between quality maturity levels and labor productivity, using a data set containing 687 Brazilian software firms. We study here the relationship between labor productivity, as measured through the annual gross revenue per worker ratio, and quality levels, which were appraised from 2006 to 2012 according to two distinct software process improvement models: *** and CMMI. We perform independent statistical tests using appraisals carried out according to each of these models, consequently obtaining a data set with as many observations as possible, in order to seek strong support for our research. We first show that *** and CMMI appraised quality maturity levels are correlated, but we find no statistical evidence that they are related to higher labor productivity or productivity growth. On the contrary, we present evidence suggesting that average labor productivity is higher in software companies without appraised quality levels. Moreover, our analyses suggest that companies with appraised quality maturity levels are more or less productive depending on factors such as their business nature, main origin of capital and maintained quality level.

关键词： Productivity software engineering economics software process models software quality assurance

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Evaluating software project portfolio risks

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JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND software 2007年第1期80卷 16-31页

作者： Costa, Helio R. Barros, Marcio de O. Travassos, Guilherme H. UFRJ COPPE Syst Engn & Comp Sci Dept BR-21945970 Rio De Janeiro Brazil Brazilian AF CCA RJ BR-21941510 Rio De Janeiro Brazil UNIRIOTEC Appl Comp Sci Dept BR-22290240 Rio De Janeiro Brazil

As in any other business, software development organizations try to maximize their profits and minimize their risks. The risks represent uncertain events and conditions that may prevent enterprises from attaining their goals, turning risk management into a major concern, not only for project managers but also for executive officers involved with strategic objectives. In this sense, economical concepts can greatly support software Engineers in the effort to better quantify the uncertainties of either a single project or even a project portfolio. In this paper, we present a technique for evaluating risk levels in software projects through analogies with economic concepts. This technique allows a manager to estimate the probability distribution of earnings and losses incurred by an organization in relation to its software project portfolio. This approach has been calibrated by data collected in an empirical study, which has been planned and accomplished to provide information about the relative importance of risk factors in software projects. A usage example of such an approach is presented. Finally, we introduce a case tool specially built to support the application of the proposed techniques. (C) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： software project management software risk management software engineering economics empirical studies

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Exploring how the intangible side of an organization impacts its business model

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KYBERNETES 2021年第10期50卷 2790-2822页

作者： Sanchez-Segura, Maria-Isabel Dugarte-Pena, German-Lenin Amescua-Seco, Antonio Medina-Dominguez, Fuensanta Univ Carlos III Madrid Dept Comp Sci & Engn Campus Leganes Madrid Spain

Purpose Information technology/software (IT/SW) professionals use the business model canvas (BMC) to identify innovative digital solutions that improve their client's business values. This paper aims to address the issue of considering, for a client company, the status of its intangible assets (IAs) in decision-making on the most innovative digital solution. Design/methodology/approach This paper provides a method (BMCIA-method) and a simulation tool (BMCIA-NetSim) to help IT/SW professionals identify and assess an organization's IAs and their impact on the BMC of digital business. Findings IT/SW professionals used this approach, at 14 small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), to identify innovative solutions and add digital value to their businesses. They used the BMCIA to provide their clients (SME's chief executive officer or chief operating officer) with a view of the BMC enhanced with the status of IAs. These expressed interest in the use of the BMCIA and underscore its importance for making better decisions while aligning IT and the business. A survey reveals how well the BMCIA-method performed during its use to discover the best solution to be developed at each SME. Research limitations/implications IAs affect the achievement of the business goal targeted using the BMC. If these are not identified, valued and properly aligned with the BMC blocks, critical information is hidden from the eyes of IT/SW professionals and their clients, preventing optimal decision-making on which is the best IT/SW solution to be implemented to add digital value to the client company. Originality/value This proposal is unique insofar as it outlines a simulation-based methodological and technical solution using software agents to simulate the impact of the intangible side of an organization on its business model.

关键词： Intellectual capital Business strategy Business model innovation Intangible assets Digital business software engineering economics

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