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OPTIMUM software-RELEASE TIME CONSIDERING AN error-detection PHENOMENON DURING OPERATION

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RELIABILITY 1990年第5期39卷 596-599页

作者： OHTERA, H YAMADA, S HIROSHIMA UNIV FAC ENGNDEPT IND & SYST ENGNHIROSHIMA 724JAPAN

This paper discusses an optimal software-release problem of determining the time to stop testing and release the soft-ware system to the user. The optimality considers software error detection during not only the testing phase but also operation phase. We introduce two evaluation criteria for the problem: software reliability and mean time between failures. Numerical examples illustrate the optimal software-release problem.

关键词： software RELIABILITY software error detection TESTING EFFORT OPTIMUM RELEASE-TIME MEAN TIME BETWEEN FAILURES

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An experiment in software error occurance and detection.

An experiment in software error occurance and detection.

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作者： Hoffman, Heinz-Michael United States Naval Postgraduate School

学位级别：硕士

The occurrence and detection of software errors was studied in four software projects. errors were analyzed with respect to complexity measures of individual subroutines. This paper also provides definitions of error categories and types. The detailed documentation of the software production effort allowed both a qualitative and quantitative analysis of software errors with respects to error types.

关键词： software error Occurrence software error detection Experiment in software error Occurrence Experiment in software error detection

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On-line control flow error detection using relationship signatures among basic blocks

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COMPUTERS & ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 2010年第1期36卷 132-141页

作者： Li, Aiguo Hong, Bingrong Bldg Sci Grp Co Ltd Shanghai Res Inst Dept Bldg Innovat Technol Shanghai 200032 Peoples R China Harbin Inst Technol Sch Comp Sci & Technol Harbin 150001 Peoples R China

Computer systems operating in space environment are subject to different radiation phenomena, whose effects may lead to a control flow fault occurring in software system, which can cause unpredictable behaviors of computer-based systems. According to the specialty of space environment, We propose a technique called RSCFC (Relationship Signatures for Control Flow Checking) which is based on the partition of programs into basic blocks. Firstly, it exploits the relationship among the blocks, then assigns a signature, into which the relationship is coded, to each basic block. Control flow faults are detected through taking AND operation between the run-time signature and the location info of the current block with extra instructions induced at the beginning and the end of each block. A fault injection experiment was performed with several C benchmark programs. The result suggests that about 33% (20.7-68.8%) of the injected branching faults produced undetected incorrect outputs without RSCFC;however, with RSCFC, the above number declines to 11% (2.8-20.4%). Compared with previous techniques, RSCFC has the characteristics of both high fault coverage and low memory and performance overhead. Crown Copyright (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Control flow checking software error detection Fault injection On-line fault detection

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error detection by selective procedure call duplication for low energy consumption

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RELIABILITY 2002年第4期51卷 392-402页

作者： Oh, N McCluskey, EJ Synopsys Inv Mountain View CA 94043 USA Stanford Univ Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci Ctr Reliable Comp Comp Syst Lab Stanford CA 94305 USA

As commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components are used in System-on-Chip (SoC) design technique that is widely used from cellular phones to personal computers, it is difficult to modify hardware design to implement hardware fault-tolerant techniques and improve system reliability. Two major concerns of this paper are to: a) improve system reliability by detecting transient errors in hardware, and b) reduce energy consumption by minimizing error-detection overhead. The objective of this new technique, Selective Procedure Call Duplication (SPCD) is to keep the system fault-secured (preserve data integrity) in the presence of transient errors, with minimum additional energy consumption. The basic approach is to duplicate computations and then to compare their results to detect errors. There are 3 choices for duplicate computation: #1) duplicating every statement in the program and comparing results, #2) re-executing procedures through duplicated procedure calls, and comparing results, #3) re-executing the whole program, and comparing the final results. SPDC combines choices #1) and #2): For a given program, SPCD analyzes procedure-call behavior of the program, and then determines which procedures can have duplicated statements [choice #1)] and which procedure calls can be duplicated [choice #2)] to minimize energy consumption with reasonable error-detection latency. Then, SPCD transforms the original program into a new program that can detect errors with minimum additional energy consumption by re-executing the statements or procedures. SPCD was simulated with benchmark programs;it requires less than 25% additional energy for error detection than previous techniques that do not consider energy consumption.

关键词： fault tolerance instruction duplication low energy technique low power technique procedure cloning procedure duplication software error detection

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Control-flow checking by software signatures

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RELIABILITY 2002年第1期51卷 111-122页

作者： Oh, N Shirvani, PP McCluskey, EJ Stanford Univ Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci Ctr Reliable Comp Stanford CA 94305 USA

This paper presents a new signature monitoring technique, CFCSS (Control Flow Checking by software Signatures);CFCSS is a pure software method that checks the control flow of a program using assigned signatures. An algorithm assigns a unique signature to each node in the program graph and adds instructions for error detection. Signatures are embedded in the program during compilation time using the constant field of the instructions and compared with run-time signatures when the program is executed. Another algorithm reduces the code size and execution time overhead caused by checking instructions in CFCSS. A "branching fault injection experiment" was performed with benchmark programs. Without CFCSS, an average of 33.7% of the injected branching faults produced undetected incorrect outputs;however, with CFCSS, only 3.1% of branching faults produced undetected incorrect outputs. Thus it is possible to increase error detection coverage for control flow errors by an order of magnitude using CFCSS. The distinctive advantage of CFCSS over previous signature monitoring techniques is that CFCSS is a pure software method, i.e., it needs no dedicated hardware such as a watchdog processor for control flow checking. A watchdog task in multitasking environment also needs no extra hardware, but the advantage of CFCSS over a watchdog task is that CFCSS can be used even when the operating system does not support multitasking.

关键词： assigned signatures control flow checking fault injection experiments signature monitoring software error detection

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THEORIES OF PROGRAM TESTING AND THE APPLICATION OF REVEALING SUBDOMAINS

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON software ENGINEERING 1980年第3期6卷 236-246页

作者： WEYUKER, EJ OSTRAND, TJ Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences New York University

The two primary goals of a theory of testing are to provide a basis for practical program testing methodologies and to establish ways of determining the effectiveness of tests in detecting program errors. In order to extend and refine the theory of test data selection proposed by Goodenough and Gerhart, the concepts of a revealing test selection criterion and a revealing subdomain are proposed and then used to provide a basis for constructing program tests.A subset of a program's input domain is revealing if the existence of one incorrectly processed input implies that all of the subsets's elements are processed incorrectly. This notion partitions the program's domain in such a way that all elements of an equivalence class are either processed correctly or incorrectly. A test set is then formed by choosing one element from each class. This process represents perfect program testing. The notion of a revealing subdomain makes it possible to get closer to combining realistically attainable characteristics of good tests with a reasonable level of confidence in the test results. Figures.

关键词： Theory Of Testing Program Testing Revealing Subdomain software error detection software Reliability Test Data Generation

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software detection mechanisms providing full coverage against single bit-flip faults

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE 2004年第6期51卷 3510-3518页

作者： Nicolescu, B Savaria, Y Velazco, R Ecole Polytech Montreal PQ H3T 1J4 Canada TIMA Lab Circuits Qualificat Grp F-38031 Grenoble France

Increasing design complexity for current and future generations of microelectronic technologies leads to an increased sensitivity to transient bit-flip errors. These errors can cause unpredictable behaviors and corrupt data integrity and system availability. This paper proposes new solutions to detect all classes of faults, including those that escape conventional software detection mechanisms, allowing full protection against transient bit-flip errors. The proposed solutions, particularly well suited for low-cost safety-critical microprocessor-based applications, have been validated through exhaustive fault injection experiments performed on a set of real and synthetic benchmark programs. The fault model taken into consideration was single bit-flip errors corrupting memory cells accessible to the user by means of the processor instruction set. The obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed solutions.

关键词： control flow checking data computing block (DCB) exhaustive fault injection experiments signature monitoring technique software error detection

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software detection mechanisms providing full coverage against single bit-flip faults

Software detection mechanisms providing full coverage agains...

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41st Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference

作者： Nicolescu, B Savaria, Y Velazco, R Ecole Polytech Montreal PQ H3T 1J4 Canada TIMA Lab Circuits Qualificat Grp F-38031 Grenoble France

关键词： control flow checking data computing block (DCB) exhaustive fault injection experiments signature monitoring technique software error detection

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