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Experience and challenges with UML-driven performance engineering of a Distributed Real-Time System

INFORMATION AND software TECHNOLOGY 2010年第6期52卷 625-640页

作者： Garousi, Vahid Univ Calgary Software Qual Engn Lab SoftQual Dept Elect & Comp Engn Schulich Sch Engn Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada

Context: performance-related failures of Distributed and Real-Time software Systems (DRTS's) can be very costly, e.g., explosion of a nuclear reactor. We reported in a previous work a stress testing methodology to detect performance-related Real-Time (RI) faults in DRTS's based on the design UML model of a System Under Test (SUT). The stress methodology aimed at increasing the chances of RT failures (violations in RT constraints). Objective: After stress testing a SUT and finding RT faults, an important immediate question is how to fix (debug) those RT faults and prevent the same RT violations in the future and after deployment. If appropriate solutions to this challenge cannot be found, stress testing and its findings (detection of RT faults) will be of no or little use to the quality assurance goals of the development team. Method: To move towards systematically solving performance-related problems causing RT faults, we develop a customized version of the standard software performance engineering process and conduct an experiment on a DRTS. The process is iteratively applied to a SUT, while results from stress testing reveal that there are still scenarios in which RT constraints are violated. Results: Application of the performance engineering paradigm in this context on a real DRTS enables systematic analysis of performance-related defects and their fixations. Conclusion: The contributions of this work are an initial approach to software performance engineering based on stress testing, and an analysis, based on experimentation, of the open issues that need to be addressed in order to improve the approach. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： software performance engineering performance tuning Stress testing Experiment Distributed Real-Time Systems UML

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THE METHOD OF LAYERS

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON software engineering 1995年第8期21卷 689-700页

作者： ROLIA, JA SEVCIK, KC UNIV TORONTO DEPT COMP SCITORONTOON M5S 1A4CANADA

Distributed applications are being developed that contain one or more layers of software servers. software processes within such systems suffer contention delays both for shared hardware and at the software servers. The responsiveness of these systems is affected by the software design, the threading level and number of instances of software processes, and the allocation of processes to processors. The Method of Layers (MOL) is proposed to provide performance estimates for such systems. The MOL uses the mean value analysis (MVA) Linearizer algorithm as a subprogram to assist in predicting model performance measures.

关键词： MANAGEMENT OF DISTRIBUTED APPLICATIONS performance OF SYSTEMS QUEUING NETWORK MODELS software performance engineering software performance MODELS

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Automatic, Model-Based software performance Improvement for Component-based software Designs

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ELECTRONIC NOTES IN THEORETICAL COMPUTER SCIENCE 2009年第1期253卷 77-93页

作者： Martens, Anne Koziolek, Heiko Univ Karlsruhe TH KIT Chair Software Design & Qual D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany ABB Corp Res D-68526 Ladenburg Germany

Formal performance prediction methods, based on queueing network models, allow evaluating software architectural designs for performance. Existing methods provide prediction results such as response times and throughputs, but do not guide the software architect on how to improve the design. We propose a novel approach to optimise the expected performance of component-based software designs by automatically generating and evaluating design alternatives. The design space spanned by different design options (e.g. available components and configuration options) is systematically explored using metaheuristic search techniques and performance-domain heuristics. The gap between applying formal performance predictions and actually improving the design of a system can thus be closed. This paper presents a formal description and a prototypical implementation of our approach with a proof-of-concept case study.

关键词： Component-based software engineering software performance engineering performance Prediction Metaheuristics Search-based software engineering Design Space Exploration

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Analysing Internet software retrieval systems: Modeling and performance comparison

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WIRELESS NETWORKS 2003年第3期9卷 223-238页

作者： Merseguer, J Campos, J Mena, E Univ Zaragoza Ctr Politecn Super Dept Informat & Ingn Sistemas Zaragoza 50015 Spain

Nowadays, there exist web sites that allow users to retrieve and install software in an easy way. The performance of these sites may be poor if they are used in wireless networks;the reason is the inadequate use of the net resources that they need. If these kinds of systems are designed using mobile agent technology the previous problem might be avoided. In this paper, we present a comparison between the performance of a software retrieval system especially designed to be used in a wireless network and the performance of a software retrieval system similar to the well-known *** web site. In order to compare performance, we make use of a software performance process enriched with formal techniques. The process has as important features that it uses UML as a design notation and it uses stochastic Petri nets as formal model. Petri nets provide a formal semantics for the system and a performance model.

关键词： software performance engineering stochastic Petri nets Internet UML mobile agent technology

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Deployment optimization of software objects by design-level delay estimation

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JOURNAL OF SUPERCOMPUTING 2013年第3期65卷 1243-1263页

作者： Bushehrian, Omid Baghnavi, Reza Ghanbari Shiraz Univ Technol Dept Comp Engn & Informat Technol Shiraz Iran

The quantitative performance evaluation of different deployments of distributed software objects over computational nodes is one of the main activities during the early stages of the design phase and should be supported by automated tools. The important design decision is to finding the optimal placement of objects, from the performance viewpoint, for different input workloads. Each deployment of objects may impose two kinds of delay on the overall performance of the software: first, the communicational delay due to the remote invocations among distributed objects and second, the computational delay due to the resource sharing by two or more concurrently executing object invocations. The object deployment problem can be formulated as an optimization problem to find the optimal deployment for which the total delay is minimal. In this paper an analytical model for delay prediction of object deployments considering the input workload of the software is presented. This model applies the object-oriented load metrics such as object population and object utilization to estimate the total amount of delay corresponding to a given object deployment. To achieve this, a novel method, called delay propagation, is proposed to compute the amount of delay corresponding to each method invocation which affects the overall response time of the software. In order to verify the proposed analytical delay predictor model, a statistical regression-based method is used. Moreover, by comparing the proposed method with the existing deployment optimization methods, which apply the Layered Queueing Networks to evaluate the performance of each deployment in the search space, a significant improvement in efficiency is observed due to the fast evaluation of each deployment instance in the search space.

关键词： software performance engineering performance models Optimization methods Object deployment Statistical methods

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Applying Design Patterns to Remove software performance Antipatterns: A Preliminary Approach 8

Applying Design Patterns to Remove Software Performance Anti...

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8th International Conference on Ambient Systems, Networks and Technologies (ANT) / 7th International Conference on Sustainable Energy Information Technology (SEIT)

作者： Arcelli, Davide Di Pompeo, Daniele Univ Aquila DISIM Via Vetoio I-67100 Laquila Italy

Patterns and antipatterns represent powerful instruments in the hands of software designers, for improving the quality of software systems. A large variety of design patterns arose since decades, as well as several performance antipatterns have been defined. In this paper we propose a preliminary approach for antipattern-based refactoring of software systems, driven by design patterns application. The approach is focused on refactoring software artifacts (i.e., models, code) by applying design patterns, with the aim of removing possible performance antipatterns occurring on such artifacts. Based on our approach, design patterns are ranked in order to drive the refactoring choice. We also provide an illustrative example as a preliminary validation of our approach, showing how the ranking method works over three design patterns for removing the Empty Semi-Trucks performance antipattern, and we finally identify future research directions of our work. 1877-0509 (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： performance Antipatterns Design Patterns software Refactoring software performance engineering

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Comparative Evaluation of performance Assessment and Modeling Method for software Architecture

Comparative Evaluation of Performance Assessment and Modelin...

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2nd International Conference on software engineering and Computing Systems (ICSECS 2011)

作者： Isa, M. A. Jawawi, Dayang N. A. Univ Teknol Malaysia Fac Comp Sci & Informat Syst Skudai 81310 Johor Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9783642222023

Conducting performance assessment during the early phases of system development enhances early design decisions of system design. The generated performance models from system design will help in identifying the potential performance problems in the system design based on the result of the performance assessment. In recent years, several methods for performance assessment and modeling have been proposed. This paper presents the comparative evaluation of performance assessment and modeling methods to discover the strengths and weaknesses of the existing methods based on a set of criteria which includes process and modeling elements that was developed with the purpose to represent a specific process to assess the performance attributes with the help of modeling concepts. The four selected methods were evaluated based on these criterions and the results will hopefully guidance for developers to propose better methods for performance assessment and modeling in the future.

关键词： performance Assessment performance Model Model Transformation software performance engineering Model Driven engineering Unified Modeling Language (UML) Model Evaluation

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Consistent Resource Utilization for Cross-Platform and Replicable Load-Testing: a Position Paper 24

Consistent Resource Utilization for Cross-Platform and Repli...

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24th International ACM/IEEE Conference on Model-Driven engineering Languages and Systems (MODELS)

作者： McCarthy, Harry Podolskiy, Vladimir Gerndt, Michael Patros, Panos Univ Waikato Dept Software Engn ORKA Cloud & Adapt Syst Lab Hamilton New Zealand Tech Univ Munich Chair Comp Architecture & Parallel Syst Munich Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781665424844

This position paper discusses assuring the comparability of benchmarking results across hardware platforms by introducing resource utilization as a universal equivalent. By sustaining resource utilization at a constant level while conducting a benchmark, comparing results becomes fair. This idea is prototyped in Procrustes, a library aiming to assure the desired level of resource utilization by autonomically adjusting the configuration of a benchmark at runtime. Procrustes implements PID- and LQR-based feedback control to ensure the target resource utilization. We showcase Procrustes to regulate the GUI GC benchmark deployed on a bare metal platform and a VM.

关键词： software performance engineering self-adaptive benchmarking resource management resource control

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From PIM and PSM with performance Annotation to Palladio Models 17

From PIM and PSM with Performance Annotation to Palladio Mod...

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17th International Conference on Evaluation of Novel Approaches to software engineering (ENASE)

作者： Gall, Dariusz Wroclaw Univ Sci & Technol Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27 Wroclaw Poland

ISBN: (纸本)9789897585685

Essential step in software performance Enginnering (SPE) is finding software performance characteristics. We provide transformations of Platform Independent Model (PIM), and Platform Specific Model (PSM) models enriched by performance annotation in Modeling and Analysis of Real-Time Embedded Systems (MARTE) to the Palladio Component Model (PCM) performance model. The system's structural viewpoint, i.e., PSM's class and deployment diagrams, are mapped to the Component Repository. The system's behavior, i.e., sequence diagrams, are transformed into the PCM Service Effect Specifications. The PCM Resource Environment is generated from PSM's deployment diagram. Finally, the PCM Usage Model is created, combining these models and the PIM's use cases.

关键词： SPE software performance engineering performance PCM Palladio MDA Model-driven Architecture PIM Platform-independent Model PSM Platform-specific Model UML Model Transformation

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Aggregate Architecture Simulation in Event-Sourcing Applications using Layered Queuing Networks 20

Aggregate Architecture Simulation in Event-Sourcing Applicat...

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11th ACM/SPEC International Conference on performance engineering (ICPE)

作者： Maddodi, Gururaj Jansen, Slinger Overeem, Michiel Univ Utrecht Utrecht Netherlands AFAS Software Leusden Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9781450369916

Workload intensity in terms of arrival rate and think-time can be used accurately simulate system performance in traditional systems. Most systems treat individual requests on a standalone basis and resource demands typically do not vary too significantly, which in most cases can be addressed as a parametric dependency. New frameworks such as Command Query Responsibility Segregation and Event Sourcing change the paradigm, where request processing is both parametric dependent and dynamic, as the history of changes that have occurred are replayed to construct the current state of the system. This makes every request unique and difficult to simulate. While traditional systems are studied extensively in the scientific community, the latter is still new and mainly used by practitioners. In this work, we study one such industrial application using Command Query Responsibility Segregation and Event Sourcing frameworks. We propose new workload patterns suited to define the dynamic behavior of these systems, define various architectural patterns possible in such systems based on domain-driven design principles, and create analytical performance models to make predictions. We verify the models by making measurements on an actual application running similar workloads and compare the predictions. Furthermore, we discuss the suitability of the architectural patterns to different usage scenarios and propose changes to architecture in each case to improve performance.

关键词： software performance engineering software Architecture Variation Command-Query Responsibility Segregation Event Sourcing Domain-Driven Design

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