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process modeling by process owners: A decentralized approach

software process: Improvement and Practice 2007年第1期13卷

作者： Oktay Turetken Onur Demirors Bilgi Grubu Ltd. ODTU Teknokent 06531 Ankara Turkey Informatics Institute Middle East Technical University 06531 Ankara Turkey

Majority of current methods for process modeling utilize a centralized approach in which a group of experts work with the agents to understand, model, and improve the organization's processes. This article proposes a novel approach for process modeling that is based on the idea that modeling organizations' processes can be performed by process owners—individuals actually performing the processes. Instead of having a centralized and devoted group of people, process performers are held responsible for the model and improve their own processes concurrently and in a decentralized manner. The article also summarizes the lessons learned by the application of the method in two organizations. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： decentralized process modeling software process modeling process owner role-based process modeling process improvement

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FMESP: Framework for the modeling and evaluation of software processes

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JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS ARCHITECTURE 2006年第11期52卷 627-639页

作者： Garcia, Felix Piattini, Mario Ruiz, Francisco Canfora, Gerardo Visaggio, Corrado A. Univ Castilla La Mancha Dept Comp Sci Alarcos Res Grp E-13071 Ciudad Real Spain Univ Sannio RCOST Res Ctr Software Technol Benevento Italy

Nowadays, organizations face with a very high competitiveness and for this reason they have to continuously improve their processes. Two key aspects to be considered in the software processes management in order to promote their improvement are their effective modeling and evaluation. The integrated management of these key aspects is not a trivial task, the huge number and diversity of elements to take into account makes it complex the management of software processes. To case and effectively support this management, in this paper we propose FMESP: a framework for the integrated management of the modeling and measurement of software processes. FMESP incorporates the conceptual and technological elements necessary to ease the integrated management of the definition and evaluation of software processes. From the measurement perspective of the framework and in order to provide the support for the software process measurement at model level a set of representative measures have been defined and validated. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： software process modeling software measurement conceptual framework software engineering environment

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A control-theoretic approach to the management of the software system test phase

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JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND software 2006年第11期79卷 1486-1503页

作者： Miller, Scott D. DeCarlo, Raymond A. Mathur, Aditya P. Cangussu, Joao W. Purdue Univ Dept Comp Sci W Lafayette IN 47907 USA Purdue Univ Sch Elect & Comp Engn W Lafayette IN 47907 USA Univ Texas Dept Comp Sci Richardson TX 75083 USA

A quantitative, adaptive process control technique is described using an industrially validated model of the software system test phase (STP) as the concrete target to be controlled. The technique combines the use of parameter correction and Model Predictive Control to overcome the problems induced by modeling errors, parameter estimation errors, and limits on the resources available for productivity improvement. We present an example of the technique applied to data from the execution of the STP of a commercial software development effort at a large software manufacturer. The example shows that the control technique successfully achieves the schedule and quality objectives despite uncertainty in the estimation of the model parameters. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： feedback control model predictive control software cybernetics software process control software process modeling system test phase

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Virtual software engineering laboratories in support of trade-off analyses

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software QUALITY JOURNAL 2005年第4期13卷 407-428页

作者： Münch, J Pfahl, D Rus, I Fraunhofer Inst Expt Software Engn IESE D-67663 Kaiserslautern Germany Univ Calgary Schulich Sch Engn Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada Fraunhofer Ctr Maryland College Pk MD USA

Due to demanding customer needs and evolving technology, software organizations are forced to trade individual functional and non-functional product quality profiles against other factors such as cost, time, or productivity. The ability to influence or even control these factors requires a deep understanding of the complex relations between process and product attributes in relevant contexts. Based on such understanding, decision support is needed to adjust processes so that they match the product quality goals without violating given project constraints. We propose to use a Virtual software Engineering Laboratory (VSEL) to establish such decision support cost-effectively. VSELs can be considered as being complementary to existing (empirical) software Engineering Laboratories. This paper gives an introduction into the cornerstones of VSELs, discusses how they complement traditional empirically based software Engineering Laboratories (SELs), and illustrates with the help of case examples from industrial and research environments, how to use them in support of product-focused trade-off analyses.

关键词： decision support software engineering laboratories software process modeling software process simulation trade-off-analyses

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software project management using PROMPT: A hybrid metrics, modeling and utility framework

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INFORMATION AND software TECHNOLOGY 2005年第15期47卷 1009-1017页

作者： Raffo, DM Portland State Univ Sch Business Adm Portland OR 97207 USA

In this paper, we present a 'forward-looking' decision support framework that integrates up-to-date metrics data with simulation models of the software development process in order to support the software project management control function. This forward-looking approach (called the PROMPT method) provides predictions of project performance and the impact of various management decisions. Tradeoffs among performance measures are accomplished using outcome based control limits (OBCLs) and are augmented using multi-criteria utility functions and financial measures of performance to evaluate various process alternatives. The decision support framework enables the program manager to plan, manage and track current software development activities in the short term and to take corrective action as necessary to bring the project back on track. The model provides insight on potential performance impacts of the proposed corrective actions. A real world example utilizing a software process simulation model is presented. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： software process modeling project management simulation software measurement repositories multi-criteria decision making control limits

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software process commonality analysis

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software process: Improvement and Practice 2005年第3期10卷

作者： Alexis Ocampo Fabio Bella Jürgen Münch Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering Sauerwiesen 6 67661 Kaiserslautern Germany

To remain viable and thrive, software organizations must rapidly adapt to frequent and, often, rather far-ranging changes to their operational context. These changes typically concern many factors, including the nature of the organization's marketplace in general, its customers' demands, and its business needs. In today's most highly dynamic contexts, such as web services development, other changes create additional, severe challenges. Most critical are changes to the technology in which a software product is written or which the software product has to control or use to provide its functionality. These product-support technology changes are frequently relatively ‘small’ and incremental. They are, therefore, often handled by relatively ‘small’, incremental changes to the organization's software processes. However, the frequency of these changes is high, and their impact is elevated by time-to-market and requirements change demands. The net result is an extremely challenging need to create and manage a large number of customized process variants, collectively having more commonalities than differences, and incorporating experience-based, proven ‘best practices’. This paper describes a tool-based approach to coping with product-support technology changes. The approach utilizes established capabilities such as descriptive process modeling and the creation of reference models. It incorporates a new, innovative, tool-based capability to analyze commonalities and differences among processes. The paper includes an example-based evaluation of the approach in the domain of Wireless Internet Services as well as a discussion of its potentially broader application. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： software reference process commonality analysis variability software process modeling

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Representation and modeling of software process with MOF and XMI

Representation and Modeling of Software Process with MOF and...

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全国第16届计算机科学与技术应用（CACIS）学术会议

作者：武硕吴超英刘方毅北京航空航天大学软件工程研究所北京航空航天大学软件工程研究所北京航空航天大学软件工程研究所

In face of the increasing complexity of software process, the rigorous definition and explicit representation of software process play a key role in process understanding. One way for making this work more effective and easier is to address software process as layered architecture with different abstraction levels separately. The MOF and XMI published by OMG can accommodate this requirement. This paper presents a software process component metamodel, which exploits MOF and XMI for representing and modeling software process. The mapping relationships among MOF and metamodels are introduced and the definition of software process in XML Schemas format is exemplified. Moreover, this paper discusses the architecture of our metamodel's supporting enactment environment.

关键词： software process modeling MOF XMI XML Schemas software process Component Metamodel, SPRAIT

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Toward a comprehensive framework for software process modeling evolution

Toward a comprehensive framework for software process modeli...

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1st ACS/IEEE International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications

作者： Eljabiri, O Deek, FP New Jersey Inst Technol Dept Comp & Informat Sci Newark NJ 07102 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0769511651

software process modeling has undergone extensive changes in the last three decades, impacting process' structure, degree of control, degree of visualization, degree of automation and integration. These changes can be attributed to several factors. This paper studies two of these factors, the time dimension and the interdisciplinary impact, and assesses their effect on the evolution of process modeling. A literature survey for software process modeling was carried out which provided evidence of how the time dimension and the interdisciplinary impact triggered process evolution and changes in methodology, technology, experience and business requirements. Finally, the paper concludes with a theoretical framework to serve as an illustrative model for the effects of the time dimension and interdisciplinary impact on process modeling evolution. This framework can serve as to develop more advanced models for technological forecasting in software process modeling evolution.

关键词： software engineering software process modeling software process evolution interdisciplinary impact change in time software development software project management

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Guided support for collaborative modeling, enactment and simulation of software development processes

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software process: Improvement and Practice 2004年第2期9卷

作者： Alejandro Fernández Badie Garzaldeen Ines Grützner Jürgen Münch Laboratorio de Investigación y Formación en Informática Avanzada Facultad de Informática Universidad Nacional de La Plata Argentina Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Publication and Information Systems (IPSI) in Darmstadt Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering (IESE) in Kaiserslautern Germany

Recently, the awareness of the importance of distributed software development has been growing in the software engineering community. Economic constraints, more and more outsourcing of development activities, and the increasing geographical distribution of companies come along with challenges of how to organize distributed development. In this article, we reason that a common process understanding is mandatory for successful distributed development. Integrated process planning, guidance and enactment are seen as enabling technologies for achieving a unique process view. We present an overview of the software process modeling environment SPEARMINT and the XCHIPS system for web-based process support. SPEARMINT offers extensive capabilities for multi-view modeling and analysis of software development processes. XCHIPS provides capabilities for distributed modeling and offers enactment and simulation functionalities. This article describes the integration of both approaches. The resulting environment provides planners and developers with collaborative planning and enactment support and advanced process guidance via electronic process guides (EPGs). Additionally, experience with the integrated environment is described. We describe, in particular, the usage of this integrated environment in the context of a case study for the development of a learning system. Finally, an overview of related work is given and future research directions are sketched. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： software process modeling distributed development distributed software project management project planning project enactment

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Toward a reference process for developing wireless Internet services

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON software ENGINEERING 2003年第12期29卷 1122-1134页

作者： Ocampo, A Boggio, D Münch, J Palladino, G Fraunhofer Inst Expt Software Engn D-67661 Kaiserslautern Germany Motorola GSG I-10147 Turin Italy Investnet Italia Spa I-20125 Milan Italy

Wireless Internet services such as mobile Web applications promise an enormous market potential. The field is characterized by extreme time-to-market pressure and insufficient knowledge about development procedures and technical constraints. This results in insufficient guidance for project managers and software developers on selecting appropriate development processes, techniques, methods, and tools. In addition, there is an enormous lack of knowledge about the effects (such as effort consumption, defect injection) of such technologies that hinders the transfer of innovative technologies into practice. This article decribes an initial reference process by summarizing essential technologies for the development of wireless Internet services and experience with these technologies on the levels of life cycle processes, engineering processes, and managerial processes. The reference process is based on a comprehensive literature survey and the execution of development projects for wireless Internet services. The goal of the article is to provide domain-specific guidance for project managers and software developers with accompanying lessons learned from the past.

关键词： mobile services commerce wireless Internet services software process modeling process elicitation reference process model software project management

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