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System dynamics modeling applied to software outsourcing decision support

software process: Improvement and Practice 2000年第2‐3期5卷

作者： Stephen T. Roehling James S. Collofello Brian G. Hermann Dwight E. Smith-Daniels Department of Computer Science and Engineering College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Arizona State University Tempe Arizona 85287-5406 USA Department of Management College of Business Arizona State University Tempe Arizona 85287-4006 USA

Requirements in the software market for reduced costs, reduced development cycle time, as well as shortages of software developers, have motivated software organizations to outsource product development processes or components. The primary objective of this research is to determine whether software organizations can improve their software outsourcing strategies and processes in response to these forces. This research utilizes simulation modeling to explore the dynamics of outsourcing relationships, including both positive and negative outcomes, as well as to provide potential decision support for strategic outsourcing decisions. The model's current implementation, applicability and usefulness are demonstrated with an example use case and analysis of simulation results. We also present suggestions for future research directions on software outsourcing strategies and processes. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons Ltd

关键词： software process modeling software outsourcing

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Comments on: Evaluating alternative software production functions

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON software ENGINEERING 1999年第2期25卷 282-283页

作者： Pickard, L Kitchenham, B Jones, P Univ Keele Dept Comp Sci Keele ST5 5BG Staffs England Univ Keele Dept Math Keele ST5 5BG Staffs England Florida Atlantic Univ Dept Informat & Technol & Operat Management Boca Raton FL 33431 USA

software development projects are notorious for cost overruns and schedule delays. While dozens of software cost models have been proposed, few of them seem to have any degree of consistent accuracy. One major factor contributing to this persistent and wide spread problem is an inadequate understanding of the real behavior of software development processes. We believe that software development could be studied as an economic production process and that established economic theories and methods could be used to develop and validate software production and cost models. Here, we present the results of evaluating four alternative software production models using the P-test, a statistical procedure developed specifically for testing the truth of a hypothesis in the presence of alternatives in econometric studies. We found that the truth of the widely used Cobb-Douglas type of software production and cost models (e.g., COCOMO) cannot be maintained in the presence of quadratic or translog models. Overall, the quadratic software production function is shown to be the most plausible model for representing software production processes. Limitations of this study and future directions are also discussed.

关键词： software engineering economics software cost models production functions software process modeling software development

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Dynamic simulation modeling of an inspection-based software lifecycle process

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SIMULATION 1997年第1期69卷 35-47页

作者： Madachy, R Khoshnevis, B Litton Data Syst Agoura Hills CA 91301 USA Univ So Calif Los Angeles CA USA

A dynamic simulation model of an inspection-based software lifecycle process has been developed to support quantitative process evaluation. It can be used in project planning and management, and aid in process improvement. The model serves to examine the effects of inspection practices on cost, schedule, and quality throughout the lifecycle. It uses system dynamics to model the interrelated flows of tasks, errors, and personnel throughout different development phases and is calibrated to industrial data. It demonstrates the effects of performing inspections and other managerial policies. The dynamic effects are tracked throughout the time history of a project to show resource usage, task completions and defect trends per phase. Cumulative metrics and development tradeoffs for decision making are also presented. Several types of validation tests are performed against industrial data, existing theory and other prediction models. The results indicate a valid model that can be used for process evaluation and project planning, and serve as a framework for incorporating other dynamic process factors.

关键词： system dynamics software process modeling software inspections software process improvement

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TOWARD A CLASSIFICATION SCHEME FOR software process modeling APPROACHES

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INFORMATION AND software TECHNOLOGY 1995年第7期37卷 363-374页

作者： MCCHESNEY, IR School of Computing and Mathematics University of Ulster Newtownabbey Co Antrim BT37 0QB Northern Ireland UK

A variety of software process modelling approaches (SPMAs) are available whereby abstract representations of the software process can be constructed for the purpose of software process understanding, assessment and automation, Given the diversity of approaches available, a classification scheme is proposed for comparing existing SPMAs, and for classifying and discussing future work, The scheme is derived through consideration of existing SPMAs and their context in relation to other process entities, taking account of SPMA objectives, properties of the process modelling language, process features modelled and SPMA worldview, The scheme is illustrated and discussed through classification of a representative sample of SPMAs.

关键词： software process software process modeling CLASSIFICATION TAXONOMY

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Graph-based software process management

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF software ENGINEERING AND KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING 1997年第4期7卷 431-455页

作者： Heimann, P Krapp, CA Westfechtel, B Joeris, G Rhein Westfal TH Aachen Lehrstuhl Informat 3 D-52056 Aachen Germany Univ Bremen TZI AG KI D-28334 Bremen Germany

software process dynamics challenge the capabilities of process-centered software engineering environments. Dynamic task nets represent evolving software processes by hierarchically organized nets of tasks which are connected by control, data, and feedback flows. Project managers operate on dynamic task nets in order to assess the current status of a project, trace its history, perform impact analysis, handle feedback, adapt the project plan to changed product structures, etc. Developers are supported through task agendas and provision of tools and documents. Chained tasks may be executed in parallel (simultaneous engineering), and cooperation is controlled through releases of document versions. Dynamic task nets are formally specified by a programmed graph rewriting system. Operations on task nets are specified declaratively by graph rewrite rules at a high level of abstraction. Furthermore, editing, analysis, and execution steps on a dynamic task net, which may be interleaved seamlessly, are described in a uniform formalism.

关键词： software process modeling programmed graph rewriting dynamic task nets

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Enacting a software development process 3

Enacting a software development process

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3rd IEEE International Conference on Engineering of Complex Computer Systems (ICECCS 97)

作者： Chen, MF Liang, BS Lin, RJR Wang, FJ Dept. of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Chiao-Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)0818681268

A good process management system helps the project members develop software projects. This paper introduces a software process Engineering Environment, SPEE. In SPEE, the process designer designs the process definition and project plan in a process LANguage, PLAN, under a process Definition Editor, PDE. A software project is developed on a process Aided software process enactment Environment, PASE. PASE provides development guidance, activity enforcement, process automation, tool invocations, and execution feedback for process enactment. SPEE, composed on PDE, PLAN, and PASE, provides helps from the plan to the end of a software project.

关键词： software process modeling process enactment object modeling technique

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Evaluating alternative software production functions

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON software ENGINEERING 1997年第6期23卷 379-387页

作者： Hu, Q FLORIDA ATLANTIC UNIV DEPT INFORMAT & DECIS SCIFT LAUDERDALEFL 33301 USA

关键词： software engineering economics software cost models production functions software process modeling software development

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Integrating conflicting requirements in process modeling: A survey and research directions

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INFORMATION AND software TECHNOLOGY 1997年第3期39卷 205-216页

作者： Francalanci, C Fuggetta, A POLITECN MILAN DEPT ELECT & INFORMATPIAZZA LEONARDO DA VINCI 32I-20133 MILANITALY

(R)equirements in process modelling have traditionally been collected separately for different business functions and then integrated into an overall specification. The recent orientation to a process perspective in managing business activities has emphasized early integration, by concurrently analysing business processes and requirements. Accordingly, requirements analysis methodologies should take into account these new demands. In the paper, we discuss these new integration needs. Traditional methods for requirements integration from database design are analysed and unfulfilled integration needs are highlighted. Then, other research fields are surveyed that deal with problems similar to integration and offer interesting results: recent developments in database design, software engineering and requirements reuse. Finally, we compare the different contributions and indicate open research directions.

关键词： software process modeling information systems requirements analysis view integration

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Project performance indicator workbench (PPIW)

Project performance indicator workbench (PPIW)

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8th International Workshop on software Technology and Engineering Practice (STEP 97)

作者： Aerts, ATM Blijenberg, J Heemstra, FJ Kusters, RJ Somers, LJ Eindhoven Univ of Technology Eindhoven Netherlands

A prototype has been developed of a generic tool set and accompanying methods that enable a customizable approach towards project tracking and benchmarking The underlying data model describes a generic project life cy... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)0818678402

关键词： multi-project management process assessment and improvement software process metrics software process modeling software quality

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A meta-model for formulating knowledge-based models of software development

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DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS 1996年第4期17卷 313-330页

作者： Mi, PW Scacchi, W Information and Operations Management Department University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089-1421 USA

In this paper, we introduce a knowledge-based meta-model which serves as a unified resource model for integrating characteristics of major types of objects appearing in software development models (SDMs). The URM consists of resource classes and a web of relations that link different types of resources found in different kinds of models of software development. The URM includes specialized models for software systems, documents, agents, tools, and development processes. The URM has served as the basis for integrating and interoperating a number of process-centered CASE environments. The major benefit of the URM is twofold: First, it forms a higher level of abstraction supporting SDM formulation that subsumes many typical models of software development objects. Hence, it enables a higher level of reusability for existing support mechanisms of these models. Second, it provides a basis to support complex reasoning mechanisms that address issues across different types of software objects. To explore these features, we describe the URM both formally and with a detailed example, followed by a characterization of the process of SDM composition, and then by a characterization of the life cycle of activities involved in an overall model formulation process.

关键词： meta-modeling model composition software process modeling knowledge-based modelling knowledge-based models of software development

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