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31st Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface software and Technology (UIST)

作者： Mysore, Alok Guo, Philip J. Univ Calif San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450359481

It can be hard for tutorial creators to get fine-grained feedback about how learners are actually stepping through their tutorials and which parts lead to the most struggle. To provide such feedback for technical software tutorials, we introduce the idea of tutorial profiling, which is inspired by software code profiling. We prototyped this idea in a system called Porta that automatically tracks how users navigate through a tutorial webpage and what actions they take on their computer such as running shell commands, invoking compilers, and logging into remote servers. Porta surfaces this trace data in the form of profiling visualizations that augment the tutorial with heatmaps of activity hotspots and markers that expand to show event details, error messages, and embedded screencast videos of user actions. We found through a user study of 3 tutorial creators and 12 students who followed their tutorials that Porta enabled both the tutorial creators and the students to provide more specific, targeted, and actionable feedback about how to improve these tutorials. Porta opens up possibilities for performing user testing of technical documentation in a more systematic and scalable way.

关键词： tutorial profiling activity tracing software tutorials

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Docable: Evaluating the Executability of software tutorials 2020

Docable: Evaluating the Executability of Software Tutorials

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28th ACM Joint Meeting on European software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of software Engineering (ESEC/FSE)

作者： Mirhosseini, Samim Parnin, Chris NC State Univ Raleigh NC 27695 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450370431

The typical software tutorial includes step-by-step instructions for installing developer tools, editing files and code, and running commands. When these software tutorials are not executable, either due to missing instructions, ambiguous steps, or simply broken commands, their value is diminished. Non-executable tutorials impact developers in several ways, including frustrating learning experiences, and limiting usability of developer tools. To understand to what extent software tutorials are executable-and why they may fail-we conduct an empirical study on over 600 tutorials, including nearly 15,000 code blocks. We find a naive execution strategy achieves an overall executability rate of only 26%. Even a human-annotation-based execution strategy-while doubling executability-still yields no tutorial that can successfully execute all steps. We identify several common executability barriers, ranging from potentially innocuous causes, such as interactive prompts requiring human responses, to insidious errors, such as missing steps and inaccessible resources. We validate our findings with major stakeholders in technical documentation and discuss possible strategies for improving software tutorials, such as providing accessible alternatives for tutorial takers, and investing in automated tutorial testing to ensure continuous quality of software tutorials.

关键词： software tutorials documentation testing continuous integration

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Using Discernment Activities to Promote Skill Retention from Programming and software tutorials 17

Using Discernment Activities to Promote Skill Retention from...

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13th ACM Conference on International Computing Education Research (ICER)

作者： Nickerson, Hilarie Univ Colorado Comp Sci & Cognit Sci Boulder CO 80309 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450349680

Short self-guided tutorials for individuals who wish to create computational artifacts often emphasize activity completion, providing an immediate sense of accomplishment but failing to promote sustainable gains in learning. However, to be successful in subsequent endeavors, it is essential that these learners develop robust skills. By incorporating principles from Bransford & Schwarz's Preparation for Future Learning framework, interactive tutorials should be able to promote the acquisition of durable and adaptive abilities.

关键词： preparation for future learning programming tutorials software tutorials

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Properties and Styles of software Technology tutorials

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON software ENGINEERING 2024年第2期50卷 159-172页

作者： Arya, Deeksha M. Guo, Jin L. C. Robillard, Martin P. McGill Univ Comp Sci Montreal PQ H3A 0G4 Canada McGill Univ Sch Comp Sci Montreal PQ H3A 0G4 Canada

A large number of tutorials for popular software development technologies are available online, and those about the same technology vary widely in their presentation. We studied the design of tutorials in the software documentation landscape for five popular programming languages: Java, C#, Python, Javascript, and Typescript. We investigated the extent to which tutorial pages, i.e. resources, differ and report statistics of variations in resource properties. We developed a framework for characterizing resources based on their distinguishing attributes, i.e. properties that vary widely for the resource, relative to other resources. Additionally, we propose that a resource can be represented by its resource style, i.e. the combination of its distinguishing attributes. We discuss three techniques for characterizing resources based on our framework, to capture notable and relevant content and presentation properties of tutorial pages. We apply these techniques on a data set of 2551 resources to validate that our framework identifies valid and interpretable styles. We contribute this framework for reasoning about the design of resources in the online software documentation landscape.

关键词： tutorials software Documentation Task analysis Java Codes Python software documentation software tutorials documentation design tutorial properties documentation search

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TutoriVR: A Video-Based Tutorial System for Design Applications in Virtual Reality 19

TutoriVR: A Video-Based Tutorial System for Design Applicati...

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CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI)

作者： Kumaravel, Balasaravanan Thoravi Cuong Nguyen DiVerdi, Stephen Hartmann, Bjorn Univ Calif Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA Adobe Res San Francisco CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450359702

Virtual Reality painting is a form of 3D-painting done in a Virtual Reality (VR) space. Being a relatively new kind of art form, there is a growing interest within the creative practices community to learn it. Currently, most users learn using community posted 2D-videos on the internet, which are a screencast recording of the painting process by an instructor. While such an approach may suffice for teaching 2D-software tools, these videos by themselves fail in delivering crucial details that required by the user to understand actions in a VR space. We conduct a formative study to identify challenges faced by users in learning to VR-paint using such video-based tutorials. Informed by results of this study, we develop a VR-embedded tutorial system that supplements video tutorials with 3D and contextual aids directly in the user's VR environment. An exploratory evaluation showed users were positive about the system and were able to use the proposed system to recreate painting tasks in VR.

关键词： Virtual Reality software tutorials Design applications

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MixT: Automatic Generation of Step-by-Step Mixed Media tutorials

MixT: Automatic Generation of Step-by-Step Mixed Media Tutor...

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25th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface software and Technology (UIST)

作者： Chi, Pei-Yu (Peggy) Ahn, Sally Ren, Amanda Dontcheva, Mira Li, Wilmot Hartmann, Bjoern Univ Calif Berkeley Div Comp Sci Berkeley CA 94720 USA Adobe Adv Technol Labs San Jose CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450315807

Users of complex software applications often learn concepts and skills through step-by-step tutorials. Today, these tutorials are published in two dominant forms: static tutorials composed of images and text that are easy to scan, but cannot effectively describe dynamic interactions;and video tutorials that show all manipulations in detail, but are hard to navigate. We hypothesize that a mixed tutorial with static instructions and per-step videos can combine the benefits of both formats. We describe a comparative study of static, video, and mixed image manipulation tutorials with 12 participants and distill design guidelines for mixed tutorials. We present MixT, a system that automatically generates step-by-step mixed media tutorials from user demonstrations. MixT segments screencapture video into steps using logs of application commands and input events, applies video compositing techniques to focus on salient information, and highlights interactions through mouse trails. Informal evaluation suggests that automatically generated mixed media tutorials were as effective in helping users complete tasks as tutorials that were created manually.

关键词： software tutorials instructions video

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Torta: Generating Mixed-Media GUI and Command-Line App tutorials Using Operating-System-Wide Activity Tracing 17

Torta: Generating Mixed-Media GUI and Command-Line App Tutor...

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30th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface software and Technology (UIST)

作者： Mysore, Alok Guo, Philip J. Univ Calif San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450349819

tutorials are vital for helping people perform complex software-based tasks in domains such as programming, data science, system administration, and computational research. However, it is tedious to create detailed step-by-step tutorials for tasks that span multiple interrelated GUI and command line applications. To address this challenge, we created Torta, an end-to-end system that automatically generates step-by-step GUI and command-line app tutorials by demonstration, provides an editor to trim, organize, and add validation criteria to these tutorials, and provides a web-based viewer that can validate step-level progress and automatically run certain steps. The core technical insight that underpins Torta is that combining operating-system-wide activity tracing and screencast recording makes it easier to generate mixed-media (text+video) tutorials that span multiple GUI and command line apps. An exploratory study on 10 computer science teaching assistants (TAs) found that they all preferred the experience and results of using Torta to record programming and sysadmin tutorials relevant to classes they teach rather than manually writing tutorials. A follow-up study on 6 students found that they all preferred following the Torta tutorials created by those TAs over the manually-written versions.

关键词： tutorial generation mixed-media tutorials software tutorials

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Docent: Digital Operation-Centric Elicitation of Novice-friendly tutorials 36

Docent: Digital Operation-Centric Elicitation of Novice-frie...

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36th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface software and Technology (UIST)

作者： Zhu, Yihao Zhou, Qinyi Tsinghua Univ Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9798400700965

Nowadays, novice users often turn to digital tutorials for guidance in software. However, searching and utilizing the tutorial remains a challenge due to the request for proper problem articulation, extensive searches and mind-intensive follow-through. We introduce "Docent", a system designed to bridge this knowledge-seeking gap. Powered by Large Language Models (LLMs), Docent takes vague user input and recent digital operation contexts to reason, seek, and present the most relevant tutorials in-situ. We assume that Docent smooths the user experience and facilitates learning of the software.

关键词： software tutorials Digital Operation Large Language Model

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PastePost: A Web Interface for Editing Instructions with Captured Images

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Procedia Computer Science 2013年 22卷 1164-1171页

作者： Motoki Miura Shinya Yoshida Faculty of Basic Sciences Kyushu Institute of Technology Japan Department of Integrated System and Engineering School of Engineering Kyushu Institute of Technology Japan

We introduce an effective web page construction method especially for GUI-based instructions and tutorials. Information about specific software tools and their use is often obtained from web documents, such as blogs and product sites. In addition, instructional web pages for specific software need to be created. The process of creating instructional web pages that include text and captured images involves several steps and is time-consuming because the editor must prepare captured image files and upload them to the server. To quickly and efficiently upload clipboard images to instructional web pages, we propose a method that includes the following functions: (1) uploading captured images using a shortcut key, (2) an instant image editor, and (3) organization of text and images in a WYSIWYG manner. We performed an experiment to assess usability and confirmed that the proposed method improves efficiency.

关键词： Page Builder Web Step-by-step Instructions software tutorials HTML5

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MixT: Automatic Generation of Step-by-Step Mixed Media tutorials 12

MixT: Automatic Generation of Step-by-Step Mixed Media Tutor...

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Annual ACMsymposium on User Interface software and Technology

作者： Pei-Yu (Peggy) Chi Sally Ahn Amanda Ren Mira Dontcheva Wilmot Li Bjoern Hartmann University of California Berkeley - Computer Science Division Advanced Technology Labs Adobe

ISBN: (纸本)9781450315814

Users of complex software applications often learn concepts and skills through step-by-step tutorials. Today, these tutorials are published in two dominant forms: static tutorials composed of images and text that are easy to scan, but cannot effectively describe dynamic interactions; and video tutorials that show all manipulations in detail, but are hard to navigate. We hypothesize that a mixed tutorial with static instructions and per-step videos can combine the benefits of both formats. We describe a comparative study of static, video, and mixed image manipulation tutorials with 12 participants and distill design guidelines for mixed tutorials. We present MixT, a system that automatically generates step-by-step mixed media tutorials from user demonstrations. MixT segments screencapture video into steps using logs of application commands and input events, applies video compositing techniques to focus on salient information, and highlights interactions through mouse trails. Informal evaluation suggests that automatically generated mixed media tutorials were as effective in helping users complete tasks as tutorials that were created manually.

关键词： software tutorials instructions video tutorials Videotapes instruction Applications software step-by-step AUTOMATIC

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