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42nd ACM/IEEE International Conference on software Engineering - Companion Proceedings (ICSE-Companion) / 42nd ACM/IEEE International Conference on software Engineering - software Engineering in Practice (ICSE-SEIP)

作者： Chen, Jinyin Hu, Keke Yu, Yue Chen, Zhuangzhi Xuan, Qi Liu, Yi Filkov, Vladimir Zhejiang Univ Technol Coll Informat Engn Hangzhou 310023 Peoples R China Natl Univ Def Technol Coll Comp Hefei 230000 Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Technol Inst Cyberspace Secur Hangzhou 310023 Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Technol Inst Proc Equipment & Control Engn Hangzhou 310023 Peoples R China Univ Calif Davis Dept Comp Sci Davis CA 95616 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450371216

software defect prediction aims to automatically locate defective code modules to better focus testing resources and human effort. Typically, software defect prediction pipelines are comprised of two parts: the first extracts program features, like abstract syntax trees, by using external tools, and the second applies machine learningbased classification models to those features in order to predict defective modules. Since such approaches depend on specific feature extraction tools, machine learning classifiers have to be custom-tailored to effectively build most accurate models. To bridge the gap between deep learning and defect prediction, we propose an end-to-end framework which can directly get prediction results for programs without utilizing feature-extraction tools. To that end, we first visualize programs as images, apply the self-attention mechanism to extract image features, use transfer learning to reduce the difference in sample distributions between projects, and finally feed the image files into a pre-trained, deep learning model for defect prediction. Experiments with 10 open source projects from the PROMISE dataset show that our method can improve cross-project and within-project defect prediction. Our code and data pointers are available at https://***/record/3373409#.XV0Oy5Mza35.

关键词： Cross-project defect prediction within-project defect prediction deep transfer learning self-attention software visualization

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software visualization Tool for Evaluating API Usage in the Context of software Ecosystems: A Proof of Concept 20th

Software Visualization Tool for Evaluating API Usage in the ...

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20th International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications (ICCSA)

作者： Avancini, Rodrigo Silveira, Fabio Fagundes Guerra, Eduardo Martins Andrade, Pedro R. Fed Univ Sao Paulo UNIFESP Sao Jose Dos Campos Brazil Natl Inst Space Res INPE Sao Jose Dos Campos Brazil Free Univ Bolzen Bolzano UNIBZ Bozen Bolzano Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9783030588175;9783030588168

software Ecosystem (SECO) is a consolidated research area in software engineering, emerging as a paradigm for understanding dynamics and relationships among software systems that collaborate with each other to achieve their goals. Understanding the ecosystem and how its elements interact is essential for software evolution, especially for those that provide functions and services for other systems, such as software APIs. Once an API is being used by different software, future changes need to be made in a systematic and appropriate manner, considering the whole ecosystem. However, there is a lack of formal and effective ways for APIs evaluation in the context of SECO. Thus, in this paper, we present Ecolyzer, a prototype tool that aims to support the analysis of API usage considering its ecosystem through interactive visualization. To demonstrate the feasibility of our tool, we conducted a proof of concept (PoC) using an open-source platform API. The results obtained with Ecolyzer are useful and show that the prototype meets the goals described for the accomplishment of this work.

关键词： software ecosystems software visualization API usage

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Collaborative program comprehension via software visualization in extended reality

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INFORMATION AND software TECHNOLOGY 2022年第0期151卷

作者： Krause-Glau, Alexander Hansen, Malte Hasselbring, Wilhelm Univ Kiel Dept Comp Sci Christian Albrechts Pl 4 D-24211 Kiel Germany

Context: In software visualization research, various approaches strive to create immersive environments by employing extended reality devices. In that context, only few research has been conducted on the effect of collaborative, i.e., multi-user, extended reality environments. Objective: We present our journey toward a web-based approach to enable (location-independent) collaborative program comprehension using desktop, virtual reality, and mobile augmented reality devices. Method: We designed and implemented three mull-user modes in our web-based live trace visualization tool ExplorViz. Users can employ desktop, mobile, and virtual reality devices to collaboratively explore software visualizations. We conducted two preliminary user studies in which subjects evaluated our VR and AR modes after solving common program comprehension tasks. Results: The VR and AR environments can be suitable for collaborative work in the context of program comprehension. The analyzed feedback revealed problems regarding the usability, e.g., readability of visualized entities and performance issues. Nonetheless, our approach can be seen as a blueprint for other researchers to replicate or build upon these modes and results. Conclusions: ExplorViz's mull-user modes are our approach to enable heterogeneous collaborative software visualizations. The preliminary results indicate the need for more research regarding effectiveness, usability, and acceptance. Unlike related work, we approach the latter by introducing a mull-user augmented reality environment for software visualizations based on off-the-shelf mobile devices.

关键词： Program comprehension software visualization City metaphor Extended reality Virtual reality Augmented reality

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Annotation Visualizer: A software visualization tool for code annotations

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software IMPACTS 2023年 16卷

作者： Lima, Phyllipe Pereira, Nathalya Stefhany Gomes, Everaldo Guerra, Eduardo Meirelles, Paulo Univ Fed Itajuba UNIFEI IMC Itajuba Brazil Natl Inst Telecommun Inatel Santa Rita Do Sapucai Brazil Univ Sao Paulo USP IME Sao Paulo Brazil Free Univ Bolzano Bolzen UniBZ Bolzano Italy

The Annotation Visualizer (AVisualizer) is a software visualization tool for displaying code annotations distribution in a given target Java-based software system. Implemented as a web application, it can extract annotations usage from the target source code and display it using a hierarchical circle packing approach. Using a dedicated suite of software metrics, it can display size-related information and code responsibilities associated with annotations usage. The tool provides three different views of the analyzed system, each with different granularity. The AVisualizer is a tool that helps improve code comprehension.

关键词： Code annotations Circle packing Web application software visualization Open-source tool

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Collaborative Design and Planning of software Architecture Changes via software City visualization

Collaborative Design and Planning of Software Architecture C...

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2024 IEEE Working Conference on software visualization

作者： Krause-Glau, Alexander Hansen, Malte Hasselbring, Wilhelm Univ Kiel Dept Comp Sci Kiel Germany

Developers usually use diagrams and source code to jointly discuss and plan software architecture changes. With this poster, we present our on-going work on a novel approach that enables developers to collaboratively ... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9798331528492;9798331528485

关键词： software visualization program comprehension dynamic analysis software architecture changes

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Visual Integration of Static and Dynamic software Analysis in Code Reviews via software City visualization

Visual Integration of Static and Dynamic Software Analysis i...

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2024 IEEE Working Conference on software visualization

作者： Krause-Glau, Alexander Damerau, Lukas Hansen, Malte Hasselbring, Wilhelm Univ Kiel Dept Comp Sci Kiel Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798331528492;9798331528485

software visualization approaches for code reviews are often implemented as standalone applications, which use static code analysis. The goal is to visualize the structural changes introduced by a pull / merge request to facilitate the review process. In this way, for example, structural changes that hinder code evolution can be more easily identified, but understanding the changed program behavior is still mainly done by reading the code. For software visualization to be successful in code review, tools must be provided that go beyond an alternative representation of code changes and integrate well into the developers' daily workflow. In this paper, we report on the novel and in-progress design and implementation of a web-based approach capable of combining static and dynamic analysis data in software city visualizations. Our architectural tool design incorporates modern web technologies such as the integration into common Git hosting services. As a result, code reviewers can explore how the modified software evolves and execute its use cases, which is especially helpful for distributed software systems. In this context, developers can be directly linked from the Git hosting service's issue tracking system to the corresponding software city visualization. This approach eliminates the recurring action of manual data collection and setup. We implement our design by extending the web-based software visualization tool ExplorViz. We invite other researchers to extend our open source software and jointly research this approach. Video URL: https://***/DYxijdCEdrY

关键词： software visualization program comprehension static analysis dynamic analysis code review continuous integration

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Enhancing software Security visualization through Adaptive Level of Detail (LoD) Mechanisms: A City Metaphor-Based Approach 9

Enhancing Software Security Visualization through Adaptive L...

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9th International Conference on Information Technology Research

作者： Devendra, Ishara Wijesiriwardana, Chaman Wimalaratne, Prasad Univ Moratuwa Dept Informat Technol Moratuwa Sri Lanka Univ Colombo Fac Grad Studies Colombo Sri Lanka Univ Colombo Dept Commun & Media Technol Sch Comp Colombo 07 Sri Lanka

ISBN: (纸本)9798331511425;9798331511432

As software becomes larger and more complex, the need for effective visualization techniques that can adaptively display different levels of detail is increasing. With the visualization of software security vulnerabilities, software practitioners may understand the code issues well and look for necessary solutions. While there are existing solutions for visualizing software securely in complex codebases, a critical need still exists for novel interactive visualization techniques that can adaptively present various aspects of software systems, including security vulnerabilities, code structures, dependencies, relationships, and performance bottlenecks. As software systems become increasingly complex, the Level of Detail (LoD) mechanism encounters several challenges in enabling the efficient exploration and comprehension of sophisticated code structures in a user-friendly manner. To address these challenges, this paper proposes an advanced LoD mechanism, utilizing a city metaphor for software visualization. This approach enhances software visualization by dynamically adjusting the Level of Detail (LoD) presented based on user roles and tasks, code metrics, and real-time code changes. This method is expected to contribute to more effective outcomes, particularly in enhancing the effectiveness of content-aware LoD switching, real-time performance optimization, and user-centric customizations. Furthermore, this approach seamlessly integrates into the software development process, providing continuous feedback and enabling developers to identify security vulnerabilities and performance bottlenecks.

关键词： Adaptive Level of Detail (LoD) software visualization City Metaphor Dynamic Data Representation

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A systematic literature review of modern software visualization

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JOURNAL OF visualization 2020年第4期23卷 539-558页

作者： Chotisarn, Noptanit Merino, Leonel Zheng, Xu Lonapalawong, Supaporn Zhang, Tianye Xu, Mingliang Chen, Wei Zhejiang Univ State Key Lab CAD&CG Hangzhou Peoples R China Univ Stuttgart Visualizat Res Ctr Stuttgart Germany Zhejiang Univ Sch Comp Sci Hangzhou Peoples R China Zhengzhou Univ Coll Comp Sci Zhengzhou Peoples R China

We report on the state-of-the-art of software visualization. To ensure reproducibility, we adopted the Systematic Literature Review methodology. That is, we analyzed 1440 entries from IEEE Xplore and ACM Digital Library databases. We selected 105 relevant full papers published in 2013-2019, which we classified based on the aspect of the software system that is supported (i.e., structure, behavior, and evolution). For each paper, we extracted main dimensions that characterize software visualizations, such as software engineering tasks, roles of users, information visualization techniques, and media used to display visualizations. We provide researchers in the field an overview of the state-of-the-art in software visualization and highlight research opportunities. We also help developers to identify suitable visualizations for their particular context by matching software visualizations to development concerns and concrete details to obtain available visualization tools.

关键词： software visualization Systematic literature review Information visualization

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Towards Collaborative and Dynamic software visualization in VR 15

Towards Collaborative and Dynamic Software Visualization in ...

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15th International Joint Conference on Computer Vision, Imaging and Computer Graphics Theory and Applications (VISIGRAPP) / 11th International Conference on Information visualization Theory and Applications (IVAPP)

作者： Jung, Florian Dashuber, Veronika Philippsen, Michael Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg FAU Programming Syst Grp Martensstr 3 Erlangen Germany QAware GmbH Aschauer Str 32 Munich Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9789897584022

To improve comprehension and maintenance of distributed software systems, some software visualization tools already bundle relevant information in a graphical way, but they either focus on the static structures and dependencies, or on tracing information. Our novel visual representation lifts the software city metaphor into VR and jointly addresses both static and dynamic behavioral aspects, such as call traces of microservice based systems. Users can navigate both the traces in the time domain and the static structure in the spatial domain. They can also collaborate with other developers. We argue that our 3D visualization provides the engineer with a better grasp on relevant information. With a controlled experiment we evaluated its user acceptance.

关键词： software visualization Virtual Reality Collaboration software Engineering Trace Data

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The city metaphor in software visualization: feelings, emotions, and thinking

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MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS 2019年第23期78卷 33113-33149页

作者： Romano, Simone Capece, Nicola Erra, Ugo Scanniello, Giuseppe Lanza, Michele Univ Bari Bari Italy Univ Basilicata Dept Math Comp Sci & Econ Potenza Italy Univ Basilicata Comp Graph Lab Potenza Italy Univ Basilicata UNIBAS Potenza Italy Univ Basilicata Comp Graph & Parallel Comp Lab Potenza Italy Univ Basilicata Dept Math & Comp Sci Potenza Italy Univ Basilicata Potenza Italy USI Software Inst Lugano Switzerland

software visualization is a program comprehension technique used in the context of software maintenance, reverse engineering, and software evolution analysis. In the last decade, researchers have been exploring 3D representations for visualizing programs. Among these representations, one of the most popular is the city metaphor, which represents a target program as a city. Recently, this metaphor has been also implemented in interactive software visualization tools using Virtual Reality (VR) in an immersive 3D environment medium. We report the results of a study to assess the city metaphor implemented in a VR-based tool and in a 3D-based tool with respect to users' feelings, emotions, and thinking. To this end, we contrasted these tools with a non-visual exploration tool (i.e., Eclipse). The main result of our study is: the use of the city metaphor implemented in a VR-based tool positively affects users' feelings and emotions, while the thinking about this implementation is positive and comparable with that of a traditional 3D implementation of the city metaphor and it is slightly better than the thinking about a non-visual exploration tool (i.e., Eclipse).

关键词： Code city software visualization Virtual reality Feelings Emotions Thinking

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