检索结果-内蒙古大学图书馆

A survey instrument for understanding the complexity of software maintenance

JOURNAL OF software MAINTENANCE-RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 1995年第6期7卷 421-441页

作者： Stark, GE Oman, P UNIV IDAHO SOFTWARE ENGN TEST LABMOSCOWID 83843

software maintenance is a multi-faceted, multidimensional effort that, upon inspection, is larger and more complex than it first seems, At least three components contribute to the complexity of the software maintenance effort: (1) the code and documentation being produced, (2) the process used to manage the maintenance, and (3) the maintenance and target computer system environments, This paper describes the development and use of a simple spreadsheet tool designed to measure the complexity of a software maintenance release, The tool can be used by software maintenance managers to direct their attention at the cost drivers associated with a software maintenance release, to aid in the re-engineering decision, and to keep track of the degradation or improvement associated with a software system due to maintenance actions or process improvements, The approach has been successful in identifying complex deliveries and identifying components that contributed the greatest to that complexity.

关键词： software complexity maintenance complexity maintenance environment delivery complexity index maintenance management

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Object-oriented dynamic complexity measures for software understandability

引用

INNOVATIONS IN SYSTEMS AND software ENGINEERING 2017年第2-3期13卷 177-190页

作者： Gosain, Anjana Sharma, Ganga Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha Univ Univ Sch Informat & Commun Technol New Delhi 110078 India

complexity is an inherent property when developing software. software measures are a way to quantify the structural complexity of software. A rich body of literature exists for object-oriented (OO) static measures focusing on complexity of its design and source code emphasizing the structural aspects at class level. As OO code is inherently dynamic because of the presence of concepts like inheritance, polymorphism, and late binding, static measures of complexity lose precision as more profound use of these concepts occurs. On the other hand, dynamic measures which are obtained during execution of code using dynamic analysis, can give better insight into the run-time aspect of complexity of OO code. However, very few dynamic complexity measures have been proposed for OO software. This paper proposes dynamic measures for complexity of OO software at object, class, and system levels. The proposed measures are defined on the basis of a well-constructed theoretical framework followed by a theoretical validation. For the purpose of collecting run-time metric data, a dynamic analyzer tracer code is developed using AspectJ, an aspect oriented programming extension for Java. Further, we empirically investigate the relationship between proposed measures and understandability of OO software. A controlled experiment is carried out in this regard, and statistical techniques like correlation and linear regression are applied on the experimental data. The results of correlation analysis show significant positive correlation between proposed dynamic complexity measures and understandability. Further, linear regression analysis result suggests that the measures can serve as useful indicator of understandability.

关键词： Object oriented software complexity Static measures Dynamic measures Metric validation Controlled experiment

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

A COMPOSITE complexity APPROACH FOR software DEFECT MODELING

引用

software QUALITY JOURNAL 1994年第1期3卷 27-44页

作者： EVANCO, WM AGRESTI, WW MITRE CORP MCLEANVA 22102

An approach is proposed to develop defect models for software components based on a categorical multivariate regression analysis. This modelling technique is useful when the software components are sufficiently small so that the assumption of a continuous normally distributed defect distribution is not valid. Library unit aggregations from five Ada projects are analysed to yield a composite complexity measure which is a function of both software complexity characteristics and development environment characteristics. The probabilities of various numbers of defects are derived from this composite complexity measure. The probability distributions are used to calculate subsystem level defects which are then compared to the actual defects.

关键词： software METRICS software DEFECT MODELS software complexity ADA

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

CYCLOMATIC complexity DENSITY AND software MAINTENANCE PRODUCTIVITY

引用

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON software ENGINEERING 1991年第12期17卷 1284-1288页

作者： GILL, GK KEMERER, CF Sloan School of Management Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139

While the need for software metrics to aid in the assessment of software complexity for maintenance has been widely argued, little agreement has been reached on the appropriateness and value of any single metric. McCabe's cyclomatic complexity metric, a measure of the maximum number of linearly independent circuits in a program control graph, has been widely used in research. The current research validates previously raised concerns about the metric on a new data set. However, a simple transformation of the metric is investigated whereby the cyclomatic complexity is divided by the size of the system in source statements, thereby determining a "complexity density" ratio. This complexity density ratio is demonstrated to be a useful predictor of software maintenance productivity on a small pilot sample of actual maintenance projects.

关键词： MANAGEMENT MEASUREMENT PERFORMANCE software PRODUCTIVITY software MAINTENANCE software complexity MCCABE METRICS CYCLOMATIC complexity

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

The moderating effects of structure on volatility and complexity in software enhancement

引用

INFORMATION SYSTEMS RESEARCH 2000年第3期11卷 219-240页

作者： Banker, RD Slaughter, SA Univ Texas Sch Management Richardson TX 75083 USA Carnegie Mellon Univ Grad Sch Ind Adm Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA

The cost of enhancing software applications to accommodate new and evolving user requirements is significant. Many enhancement cost-reduction initiatives have focused on increasing software structure in applications. However, while software structure can decrease enhancement effort by localizing data processing, increased effort is also required to comprehend structure. Thus, it is not clear whether high levels of software structure are economically efficient in all situations. In this study, we develop a model of the relationship between software structure and software enhancement costs and errors. We introduce the notion of software structure as a moderator of the relationship between software volatility, total data complexity, and software enhancement outcomes. We posit that it is efficient to more highly structure the more volatile applications, because increased familiarity with the application structure through frequent enhancement enables localization of maintenance effort. For more complex applications, software structure is more beneficial than for less complex applications because it facilitates the comprehension process where it is most needed. Given the downstream enhancement benefits of structure for more volatile and complex applications, we expect that the optimal level of structure is higher for these applications. We empirically evaluate our model using data collected on the business applications of a major mass merchandiser and a large commercial bank. We find that structure moderates the relationship between complexity, volatility, and enhancement outcomes, such that higher levels of structure are more advantageous for the more complex and more volatile applications in terms of reduced enhancement costs and errors. We also find that more structure is designed in for volatile applications and for applications with higher levels of complexity. Finally, we identify application type as a significant factor in predicting which applications are more vol

关键词： software enhancement software structure software volatility software complexity structured design management of information systems

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

An empirical study of the effect of complexity, platform, and program type on software development effort of business applications

引用

EMPIRICAL software ENGINEERING 2006年第4期11卷 541-553页

作者： Subramanian, Girish H. Pendharkar, Parag C. Wallace, Mary Penn State Harrisburg Sch Business Middletown PA 17057 USA Comp Aid Corp Harrisburg PA USA

Several popular cost estimation models like COCOMO and function points use adjustment variables, such as software complexity and platform, to modify original estimates and arrive at final estimates. Using data on 666 programs from 15 software projects, this study empirically tests a research model that studies the influence of three adjustment variables-software complexity, computer platform, and program type (batch or online programs) on software effort. The results confirm that all the three adjustment variables have a significant effect on effort. Further, multiple comparison of means also points to two other results for the data examined. Batch programs involve significantly higher software effort than online programs. Programs rated as complex have significantly higher effort than programs rated as average.

关键词： software complexity computer platform online and batch programs software development effort empirical studies of programming and software engineering

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Exploration of complexity in software Reliability

引用

Tsinghua Science and Technology 2007年第S1期12卷 266-269页

作者：褚彦明徐拾义 School of Computer Engineering and Science Shanghai University

Traditionally, timing and the failure rate are the only two factors considered in software reliability formula, which is actually incomplete. Reliability should be redefined as a function of software complexity, test effectiveness, and operating environment. This paper focuses on software complexity with its relation to the soft- ware reliability. Today, many software complexity measurements have been proposed, but most of them treat the reliability model incompletely. This paper proposes a new method which considers a relatively complete view of software reliability including its complexity and test effectiveness of the software being tested.

关键词： software reliability software complexity test effectiveness failure rate

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Towards a Formal Approach to Defining and Computing the complexity of Component Based software 26

Towards a Formal Approach to Defining and Computing the Comp...

引用

26th Asia-Pacific software Engineering Conference (APSEC)

作者： Zhao, Yongxin Zhang, Xiujuan Shi, Ling Zeng, Gan Sheng, Feng Liu, Shuang East China Normal Univ Shanghai Key Lab Trustworthy Comp Shanghai Peoples R China Singapore Management Univ Sch Informat Syst Singapore Singapore Tianjin Univ Sch Comp Software Tianjin Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781728146485

With the rapid development of software engineering and the widely adoption of software systems in various domains, the requirement for software systems is becoming more and more complex, which results in very complex software systems. Motivated by the principle of divide and conquer, component based software development is an effective way of managing the complexity in software development. In this paper, we propose a calculus to formally describe the functional and performance specification of component based software and provide formal semantics for the proposed calculus. Then we provide a method to measure the dynamic complexity of software compositions based on the proposed calculus. Finally, we define a set of algebraic laws to manifest the complexity relations between different functionally equivalent components. We conduct a case study with a real software system and the results show that our method is able to calculate the dynamic complexity of component based systems, and the complexity can be reduced based on our algebraic laws.

关键词： software complexity complexity semantics complexity computation Algebraic laws

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Predicting software Maintainability Using Object Oriented Dynamic complexity Measures 1st

Predicting Software Maintainability Using Object Oriented Dy...

引用

1st International Conference on Smart Trends for Information Technology and Computer Communications (SmartCom)

作者： Gosain, Anjana Sharma, Ganga Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha Univ Univ Sch Informat & Commun Technol Sec 16C New Delhi 110078 India

ISBN: (纸本)9789811034336;9789811034329

Dynamic measures are the class of software measures which are obtained when the software is executing and hence can give accurate information regarding the run-time quality of software. For this reason, many dynamic measures have been proposed in recent past, however, little or no empirical evidence exists about the usefulness of these measures for software quality prediction. The objective of this paper is to empirically validate an OO dynamic complexity measure from authors' previous work [19] to assess its ability for predicting maintainability as external software quality attribute. A controlled experiment is carried out in this regard and correlation and linear regression have been performed on the experimental data. The results of the experiment suggest that OO dynamic complexity measures can serve as a useful indicator of maintainability.

关键词： Dynamic measures software complexity software quality Maintainability Controlled experiment

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Measurement of the cognitive functional complexity of software 2

Measurement of the cognitive functional complexity of softwa...

引用

2nd IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Informatics (ICCI 2003)

作者： Wang, YX Shao, JQ Univ Calgary Dept Elect & Comp Engn Theoret & Empir Software Engn Res Ctr Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)0769519865

One of the central problems in software engineering is its inherited complexity. It is recognized that cognitive informatics plays an important role in understanding the fundamental characteristics of software. This paper models the cognitive weights of basic control structures of software, and develops a new concept of cognitive functional size for measuring software complexity. Comparative case studies between the cognitive functional sizes and physical sizes of 20 programs are conducted. It is found that for a given design, although the physical sizes of software may vary in a wide range, the cognitive functional sizes are much stable and independent from implementation technologies and programming languages. Therefore, the cognitive functional size provides a novel, stable, and practical software complexity measurement and is helpful to explain the fundamental nature of software complexity in the phase of design, implementation, or maintenance in software engineering.

关键词： cognitive informatics software engineering measurement software complexity cognitive functional size cognitive weight and basic control structures

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：

通借通还

建议与咨询 留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

请选择保存的检索档案： 新增检索档案 确定 取消

请选择收藏分类： 新增自定义分类 确定 取消

通借通还

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：