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3rd International Conference on Industry 4.0 and Smart Manufacturing (ISM)

作者： Buchgeher, Georg Dorninger, Bernhard Klammer, Claus Walchshofer, Andrea Kern, Albin Software Competence Ctr Hagenberg GmbH Softwarepk 32a A-4232 Hagenberg Austria Engel Austria GmbH Ludwig Engel Str 1 A-4311 Schwertberg Austria

To support the vision of Industry 4.0 and smart factories, manufacturing companies need to evolve their machines towards intelligent, connected cyber-physical systems (CPS). software is at the heart of these digital transformation processes. OPC UA (Open Platform Communications Unified Architecture) is an industrial standard for horizontal and vertical communication of CPS. The adoption of OPC UA has a significant impact on the design of industrial production systems and on the development process. In this paper, we report on our experiences of migrating a heterogeneous software stack of a series machine production company to OPC UA. We show that automated approaches (i.e., static code analysis, code generation, and documentation generation) are the foundation for a holistic approach for working with OPC UA across different system layers and development teams. Further, we outline challenges we have identified during the migration process. (C) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： OPC UA Industry 4.0 cyber-physical systems software analysis software migration software evolution model-driven software development software documentation software visualization

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Accurately Predicting the Location of Code Fragments in Programming Video Tutorials Using Deep Learning 18

Accurately Predicting the Location of Code Fragments in Prog...

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14th International Conference on Predictive Models and Data Analytics in software Engineering (PROMISE)

作者： Alahmadi, Mohammad Hassel, Jonathan Parajuli, Biswas Haiduc, Sonia Kumar, Piyush Florida State Univ Dept Comp Sci Tallahassee FL 32306 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450365932

Background: Video programming tutorials are becoming a popular resource for developers looking for quick answers to a specific programming problem or trying to learn a programming topic in more depth. Since the most important source of information for developers in many such videos is source code, it is important to be able to accurately extract this code from the screen, such that developers can easily integrate it into their programs. Aims: Our main goal is to facilitate the accurate and noise-free extraction of code appearing in programming video tutorials. In particular, in this paper we aim to accurately predict the location of source code in video frames. This will allow for the dramatic reduction of noise when using extraction techniques such as Optical Character Recognition, which could otherwise extract a large amount of irrelevant text (e.g., text found in menu items, package hierarchy, etc.). Method: We propose an approach using a deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to predict the bounding box of fully-visible code sections in video frames. To evaluate our approach, we collected a set of 150 Java programming tutorials, having more than 82K frames in total. A sample of 4,000 frames from these videos were then manually annotated with the code bounding box location and used as the ground truth in an experiment evaluating our approach. Results: The results of the evaluation show that our approach is able to successfully predict the code bounding box in a given frame with 92% accuracy. Conclusions: Our CNN-based approach is able to accurately predict the location of source code within the frames of programming video tutorials.

关键词： Programming video tutorials software documentation Source code Deep learning Video mining

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Mining and discovery of hidden relationships between software source codes and related textual documents

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DIGITAL SCHOLARSHIP IN THE HUMANITIES 2018年第3期33卷 651-669页

作者： Rasekh, Amir Hossein Arshia, Amir Hossein Fakhrahmad, Seyed Mostafa Sadreddini, Mohammad Hadi Shiraz Univ Shiraz Iran

Normally, software documentations are produced, informally. They are written in the unnatural and non-structural form of the language, such as user manuals, user requirements, design documentation, tutorials, support documentation, and so on. Recent studies show that 61% of software projects are subject to failure or challenges due to an increase in the costs and production time. Various factors may lead to this issue, and one of the major contributing factors is the lack of links between the software's source code and its related documents. The significance of software development and the possibility of making prospective changes by the development team necessitate an understanding of the links between various sections of codes and documentations. Therefore, it is crucial to design a system to link the software codes to their corresponding textual documentation. This article proposes a model for recovering the latent, but traceable links between software source codes and existing documents based on word extraction and function name separation. The contributions in this article include: (1) a model based on word extraction from document and source codes;(2) the proposal of an algorithm for splitting compound words and words that are connected to one another and completing abbreviations used in the names of functions, variables, and output commands;and (3) a new algorithm that is proposed for retrieving traceable latent links between the source code and documents. Two data sets are used in this research and the achieved results will be reported in terms of recall, precision, and F-measure. The experimental results are promising and indicate that the proposed approach significantly outperforms its counterparts.

关键词： SOURCE code (Computer science) software documentation COMPUTER software development software architecture NATURAL language processing (Computer science)

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An Exploratory Study of documentation Strategies for Product Features in Popular GitHub Projects 39

An Exploratory Study of Documentation Strategies for Product...

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39th IEEE International Conference on software Maintenance and Evolution (ICSME)

作者： Puhlfuerss, Tim Montgomery, Lloyd Maalej, Walid Univ Hamburg Dept Informat Hamburg Germany

ISBN: (数字)9781665479561

ISBN: (纸本)9781665479561

[Background] In large open-source software projects, development knowledge is often fragmented across multiple artefacts and contributors such that individual stakeholders are generally unaware of the full breadth of the product features. However, users want to know what the software is capable of, while contributors need to know where to fix, update, and add features. [Objective] This work aims at understanding how feature knowledge is documented in GitHub projects and how it is linked (if at all) to the source code. [Method] We conducted an in-depth qualitative exploratory content analysis of 25 popular GitHub repositories that provided the documentation artefacts recommended by GitHub's Community Standards indicator. We first extracted strategies used to document software features in textual artefacts and then strategies used to link the feature documentation with source code. [Results] We observed feature documentation in all studied projects in artefacts such as READMEs, wikis, and website resource files. However, the features were often described in an unstructured way. Additionally, tracing techniques to connect feature documentation and source code were rarely used. [Conclusions] Our results suggest a lacking (or a low-prioritised) feature documentation in open-source projects, little use of normalised structures, and a rare explicit referencing to source code. As a result, product feature traceability is likely to be very limited, and maintainability to suffer over time.

关键词： software documentation feature traceability

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Something is Rotten in the State of Documenting Simulink Models 7th

Something is Rotten in the State of Documenting Simulink Mod...

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7th International Conference on Model-Driven Engineering and software Development (MODELSWARD)

作者： Pantelic, Vera Schaap, Alexander Wassyng, Alan Bandur, Victor Lawford, Mark McMaster Univ McMaster Ctr Software Certificat Hamilton ON Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9789897583582

In this paper we draw on our experience in the automotive industry to portray the clear need for proper documentation of Simulink models when they describe the implementations of embedded systems. We effectively discredit the "model is documentation" motto that has been hounding the model-based paradigm of software development. The state of the art of documentation of Simulink designs of embedded systems, both in academia and industrial practice, is reviewed. We posit that lack of proper documentation is costing industry dearly, and propose that a significant change in development culture is needed to properly position documentation within the software development process. Further, we discuss what is required to foster such a culture.

关键词： Model-Based Development Simulink software documentation Embedded software software Requirements Specification software Design Description

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Integrated Literate Programming for Structured Light Camera Calibration

Integrated Literate Programming for Structured Light Camera ...

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Joint Conference on New Trends in Audio and Video And Signal Processing - Algorithms, Architectures, Arrangements and Applications (NTAV/SPA)

作者： Skarbek, Wladyslaw Warsaw Univ Technol Fac Elect & Informat Technol PL-00661 Warsaw Poland

ISBN: (纸本)9788372835024

Literate programming is a concept initially conceived by Professor Donald Knuth who had applied it in practice while developing his TEX formatting system. In my integrated approach I advocate the concept of literate programming in a single book, i.e. all levels of a created application ( including the descriptions of new algorithms) are joined together with all source codes in one PDF document, which is created from a tree of Latex documents. The code granularity can be of any detail. Even a single line of code is possible, surrounded by necessary comments, if needed. Codes can be composed sequentially and hierarchically. The presented paper will discuss advantages of the proposed programming methodology for developing software prototypes of applications within digital media one the example of calibration algorithms for a structured light camera system.

关键词： literate programming software documentation structured light method camera calibration

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C4 model in a software Engineering subject to ease the comprehension of UML and the software development process 11

C4 model in a Software Engineering subject to ease the compr...

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IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (IEEE EDUCON)

作者： Vazquez-Ingelmo, Andrea Garcia-Holgado, Alicia Garcia-Penalvo, Francisco J. Univ Salamanca GRIAL Res Grp Salamanca Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9781728109305

software engineering provides the competences and skills to design and develop robust, secure and efficient applications that solve real problems. Students have to develop their abstract thinking to find solutions taking into account not only technical development, but economic and social impact. In previous years, different changes have been introduced in the teaching methods with significant outcomes. However, students are still facing difficulties with one of the core contents of the subject, UML. For this reason, the present work aims to introduce C4 model as a complement of the existing UML diagrams. This proposal uses the two first levels of the C4 model to complement the requirements elicitation process, traditionally based only on use cases, to let students start the design of their systems without going into greater technical details.

关键词： UML software architecture software documentation C4 model software engineering abstraction

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This Is Your Cue! Assisting Search Behaviour with Resource Style Properties 2022

This Is Your Cue! Assisting Search Behaviour with Resource S...

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30th ACM Joint European software Engineering Conference / Symposium on the Foundations of software Engineering (ESEC/FSE)

作者： Arya, Deeksha M. McGill Univ Montreal PQ Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781450394130

When learning a software technology, programmers face a large variety of resources in different styles and catering to different requirements. Although search engines are helpful to filter relevant resources, programmers are still required to manually go through a number of resources before they find one pertinent to their needs. Prior work has largely concentrated on helping programmers find the precise location of relevant information within a resource. Our work focuses on helping programmers assess the pertinence of resources to differentiate between resources. We investigated how programmers find learning resources online via a diary and interview study, and observed that programmers use certain cues to determine whether to access a resource. Based on our findings, we investigate the extent to which we can support the cue-following process via a prototype tool. Our research supports programmers' search behaviour for software technology learning resources to inform resource creators on important factors that programmers look for during their search.

关键词： software resources software resource search resource seeking resource collection information retrieval software documentation

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UI Screens Identification and Extraction from Mobile Programming Screencasts 28

UI Screens Identification and Extraction from Mobile Program...

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28th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Program Comprehension (ICPC)

作者： Alahmadi, Mohammad Khormi, Abdulkarim Haiduc, Sonia Florida State Univ Tallahassee FL 32306 USA Univ Jeddah Jeddah Saudi Arabia Jazan Univ Jizan Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (纸本)9781450379588

Mobile applications demand is on the rise, leading to more programmers learning to develop or having to maintain this kind of programs. Developers often refer to online resources to find inspiration or answers to questions they have about mobile programming topics and screencasts are a popular resource. However, given the multitude of screencasts available, it can be difficult to quickly comprehend which of the many videos is relevant to one's needs. We propose a novel approach, called UIScreens, which detects, extracts, and presents the most representative user interface (UI) screens embedded in mobile development screencasts. This could help developers quickly comprehend what an app displayed in a video is about, therefore saving time searching for useful videos. UIScreens has been evaluated in two empirical studies on iOS and Android programming screencasts. The first study investigates the accuracy of our UI extraction and shows that our approach is able to detect and extract UI screens with an accuracy of 94%. The second is a user study with mobile app developers, who evaluated both the accuracy and the usefulness of UIScreens. They agreed that UIScreens is accurate and extracts representative UI screens from videos. They considered that the extracted UI screens are useful for understanding what a video is about and if it is relevant to a search. Our approach has been implemented as a free online tool.

关键词： Program comprehension Programming video tutorials Mobile development software documentation Deep learning Video mining

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Capturing and Sharing Domain Knowledge with Business Rules Lessons Learned from a Global software Vendor 22

Capturing and Sharing Domain Knowledge with Business Rules L...

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IEEE 22nd International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE)

作者： Maalej, Walid Ghaisas, Smita Univ Hamburg Hamburg Germany Tata Consultancy Serv Pune Maharashtra India

ISBN: (纸本)9781479930333

Business rules represent constraints in a domain, which need to be taken into account either during the development or the usage of a system. Motivated by the knowledge reuse potentials when developing systems within the same domain, we studied business rules in a large software company. We interviewed 11 experienced practitioners on how they understand, capture, and use business rules. We also studied the role of business rules in requirements engineering in the host organization. We found that practitioners have a very broad perception for this term, ranging from flows of business processes to directives for calling external system interfaces. We identified 27 types of rules, which are typically captured as a free text in requirements documents and other project documentation. Practitioners stated the need to capture this tacit form of domain knowledge and to trace it to other artifacts as it impacts all activities in a software engineering project. We distill our results in 17 findings and discuss the implications for researchers and practitioners.

关键词： Requirements Knowledge Business Rules Empirical Studies software documentation Domain Knowledge

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