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Software process fusion by combining pair and solo programming

IET SOFTWARE 2008年第4期2卷 379-390页

作者： Lui, K. M. Chan, K. C. C. Hong Kong Polytech Univ Dept Comp Hong Kong Hong Kong Peoples R China

The role of pair programming in software development is controversial. This is due partly to the relatively unclear benefit of pair programming over solo programming. There have been arguments either way and there have been studies to show that one is more cost-effective than the others. Rather than investigating into pair vs. solo programming here, we present a new process model combining both together. This paper argues and shows, with two case studies, that the fusing of pair and solo programming processes may actually be better than adopting either alone. In the proposed model called Software Process Fusion (SPF), a donor and a recipient process can be defined and if some transfer conditions are met, one process can be converted into another to achieve tasks with minimal costs. The transfer conditions we de. ne is related to a Software Fusion Ratio (SFR). SFR can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of an SPF model. In our case studies, we observed that, with SPF, programmers would design solution patterns of their own in pairs and then use these patterns to build sub-modules in solos. We conclude that SPF can be a more effective approach to increase productivity of less experienced programmers.

关键词： solo programming recipient process software process fusion pair programming Software engineering techniques programming software engineering donor process software development

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Effectiveness of Pair and solo programming Methods: A Survey and an Analytical Approach 21

Effectiveness of Pair and Solo Programming Methods: A Survey...

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21st Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS)

作者： Sun, Wenying Aguirre-Urreta, Miguel, I Marakas, George M. Washburn Univ Topeka KS 66621 USA Texas Tech Univ Lubbock TX 79409 USA Florida Int Univ Miami FL 33199 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780996683104

We conducted two studies to further our understanding of the dynamics of the programming methods. One is a survey study. We surveyed software professionals in the industry to collect their views on the effectiveness of pair programming versus solo programming. In our second study, we adopted the analytical approach to compare the three modes of programming: solo only, pair only, and a mixture of solo and pair. The second study involves three steps. First, we replicated the study conducted by Dawande and colleagues (Dawande et al. 2008). Second, we applied the parameters collected from our survey to the same model. Third, we extended the analytical model to further study the effect of project complexity and pair composition on the effectiveness of the three different programming modes. Due to space limitations, in this paper, we only report: a) the survey research and its findings;b) partial results from step 2 and step 3 of the second study.

关键词： Pair programming solo programming effectiveness practitioner survey simulation

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The Compare of solo programming Strategies in a Scrum Team: A Multi-agent Simulation Tool for Scrum Team Dynamics 3rd

The Compare of Solo Programming Strategies in a Scrum Team: ...

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3rd Conference on Computational Methods in Systems and Software (CoMeSySo)

作者： Wang, Zhe Lincoln Univ Lincoln New Zealand

ISBN: (纸本)9783030303297;9783030303280

Scrum is an agile framework within which people can address complex problems, while productively and creatively delivering products of the highest possible value. A strategy is a way that people going to solve problems based on the existing situation. Team strategy research is different from team composition and how it affects the performance. Team composition can affect the performance is an existing knowledge, without doing simulation, we still can know how personality and capability can affect its performance. But strategy and task allocations methods are a further research go beyond that, particular in an environment, such as scrum, that has an aim for why the team needs to be composed. With the same team, the same task but different strategy can cause significant various outcome for each sprint. This is the way that agent-based modelling is more useful than just say that team composition can affect its work. And based on the current information, to do investigation on how team composition can affect performance will needs various teams, but how strategies can affect team performance will only need the same team to be compared. Scrum is the major motivation that why team needs a strategy to work, the purpose of this strategy is not to investigate how team composition can affect the work but more about how to use the existing affect from the team composition to get the Scrum success rate enhanced, as in real world, we could not change the team as the company only has the team to do the job, but we can change the way that they are doing the job.

关键词： Scrum team dynamics Multi-agent based simulation Pair programming solo programming Team strategy Task allocations

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Investigating the Impact of Experience and solo/Pair programming on Coding Efficiency: Results and Experiences from Coding Contests 14th

Investigating the Impact of Experience and Solo/Pair Program...

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14th International Conference on Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme programming

作者： Winkler, Dietmar Kitzler, Martin Steindl, Christoph Biffl, Stefan Vienna Univ Technol Inst Software Technol & Interact Syst Christian Doppler Lab Software Engn Integrat Flex Favoritenstr 9-11-188 A-1040 Vienna Austria Catalysts GmbH Linz 4020 Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9783642383144;9783642383137

Developing working software is a key goal of software development. Beyond software processes, following traditional or agile approaches, coding strategies, i.e., solo and pair programming, are important aspects for constructing high quality software code. In addition developer experience has a critical impact on coding efficiency and code quality. Pair programming aims at increasing coding efficiency, code quality, and supports learning of development team members. Several controlled experiments have been conducted to investigate benefits of different development strategies, learning effects, and the impact on code quality in academia and industry. Nevertheless, reported study limitations and various results in different contexts require more studies to fully understand the effects of experience and programming strategies. Coding contests can be promising approaches to (a) involve different participant groups, e.g., junior and senior programmers and professionals, and (b) can represent a well-defined foundation for planning and executing largescale empirical studies. In this paper we present coding contests as a promising strategy for conducting empirical studies with heterogeneous groups of participants and report on a set of findings from past coding contests. Main results are (a) that the concept of coding contests is a promising way for supporting empirical research and (b) the results partly confirm previous studies that report on the benefits of pair programming and development experience.

关键词： Coding Contests Large Scale Controlled Experiments solo programming Pair programming Developer Experience

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Search and Research on Economics of Pair programming

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JOURNAL OF COMPUTER INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2019年第1期59卷 15-31页

作者： Sun, Wenying Aguirre-Urreta, Miguel Nam, Hee Seok Washburn Univ Topeka KS 66621 USA Texas Tech Univ Lubbock TX 79409 USA Kettering Univ Flint MI USA

This research aims to answer two research questions. Is pair programming more cost-effective than solo programming? In what situations is pair programming more cost-effective than solo programming and vice versa? In order to answer these, we adopted and extended economic models from past research. Two main conclusions can be drawn from our study. First, across the ranges of parameters studied, pair programming is more economically feasible only in a limited number of instances. Second, in order to achieve the economic benefit, pair programming either needs to have advantages in all three parameters (speed, defect, and defect removing) or have substantial advantages in two of them if on the other one pair is roughly equivalent to solo programming. We also identified specific parameter ranges for situations where a) pair programming is more economical, b) solo programming is more economical, and c) the two programming methods are equivalent. Implications of this research are discussed.

关键词： Breakeven unit value net present value pair programming solo programming

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The Effectiveness of Pair programming Software Professionals' Perceptions

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IEEE SOFTWARE 2016年第4期33卷 72-79页

作者： Sun, Wenying Marakas, George Aguirre-Urreta, Miguel Washburn Univ Comp Informat Sci Topeka KS 66621 USA Florida Int Univ Coll Business Adm Informat Syst Miami FL 33199 USA Texas Tech Univ Jerry S Rawls Coll Business Adm Informat Syst & Quantitat Sci Dept Informat Syst Lubbock TX 79409 USA

Survey respondents believed that project complexity and programmer expertise and experience affect pair programming's effectiveness. Respondents with pair-programming experience viewed pair programming more positi... 详细信息

关键词： programming Project Management Software Management Software Prototyping Pair programming Software Professional Perception Knowledge Transfer Project Cost programming Profession Complexity Theory Knowledge Transfer Software Engineering programming Organizations Pair programming solo programming Project Complexity Pair Composition Effort Defect Rate Knowledge Transfer Software Engineering Software Development

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VOICE OF EVIDENCE Contextualizing Empirical Evidence

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IEEE SOFTWARE 2013年第1期30卷 81-83页

作者： Dyba, Tore SINTEF Trondheim Norway Univ Oslo N-0316 Oslo Norway

What works for whom, where, when, and why is the ultimate question of evidence-based software engineering. Still, the empirical research seems mostly concerned with identifying universal relationships that are independent of how work settings and other contexts interact with the processes important to software practice. Questions of “What is best?” seem to prevail. For example, “Which is better: pair or solo programming? test-first or test-last?” However, just as the question of whether a helicopter is better than a bicycle is meaningless, so are these questions because the answers depend on the settings and goals of the projects studied. Practice settings are rarely, if ever, the same. For example, the environments of software organizations differ, as do their sizes, customer types, countries or geography, and history. All these factors influence engineering practices in unique ways. Additionally, the human factors underlying the organizational culture differ from one organization to the next and also influence the way software is developed. We know these issues and the ways they interrelate are important for the successful uptake of research into practice. However, the nature of these relationships is poorly understood. Consequently, we can't a priori assume that the results of a particular study apply outside the specific context in which it was run. Here, I offer an overview of how context affects empirical research and how to better contextualize empirical evidence so that others can better understand what works for whom, where, when, and why.

关键词： Organisational Aspects Software Development Management Empirical Evidence Contextualization Evidence Based Software Engineering Software Practice Pair programming solo programming Test First Test Last Practice Settings Software Organization Environments Organizational Culture Software Engineering Context Awareness Information Processing Content Management Software Engineering Empirical Software Engineering

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Do programmer pairs make different mistakes than solo programmers?

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JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE 2007年第9期80卷 1460-1471页

作者： Mueller, Matthias M. Univ Karlsruhe Fak Informat D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany

Objective: Comparison of program defects caused by programmer pairs and solo developers. Design: Analysis of programs developed during two counter balanced experiments. Setting: programming lab at University. Experimental units: 42 programs developed by computer science students participating in an extreme programming lab course. Main outcome measures: Programmer pairs make as many algorithmic mistakes but fewer expression mistakes than solo programmers. Results: The second result is significant on the 5% level. Conclusions: For simple problems, pair programming seems to lead to fewer mistakes than solo programming. (C) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： pair programming solo programming defect comparison eureka problems

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XSOFT: A Generic Software Teaching and Learning Model

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COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION 2015年第3期23卷 432-442页

作者： Radhakrishnan, P. Kanmani, S. Nandhini, M. Pondicherry Engn Coll Dept Comp Sci & Engn Pillaichavady 605014 Puducherry India Pondicherry Engn Coll Dept Informat Technol Pillaichavady 605014 Puducherry India Pondicherry Univ Dept Comp Sci Pondicherry India

The attitude of software learning by students relies on transforming the Learning Model consistently into Software Development Model. The effort and time taken for development of different phases of software, has few issues, in particular, the principles and practices to be followed in academia. To address these issues, a generic software teaching and learning model called eXtreme Software Teaching (XSOFT) is proposed by integrating the essence of the Extreme programming (XP) method with COSMIC FFP (Common Software Measurement Integration Consortium Full Function Point) Standards. The effectiveness of this proposed model was tested on real time projects assigned to students as a realistic study by selecting them with equal skill and knowledge on programming. They were divided into two groups, such as Pair Programmers and solo Programmers. The performances of these groups are measured with respect to the trade in person-days using XSOFT. The empirical results show that the assessment of person-days are less on pair programming than solo programming and effective programming skill is found with pair programmers. In addition, the robustness of this model are confirmed by the results of another real time project as case study. (c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 23:432-442, 2015;View this article online at;DOI

关键词： pair programming solo programming extreme programming software development teaching learning COSMIC FFP

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The Effect of Pair programming on Code Maintainability 1

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28th International Conference on Collaboration Technologies and Social Computing (CollabTech)

作者： Nawahdah, Mamoun Jaradat, Majdi Birzeit Univ Birzeit Palestine Minist Publ Works & Housing Jerusalem Palestine

ISBN: (数字)9783031202186

ISBN: (纸本)9783031202179;9783031202186

Software maintainability is an important key aspect in software development life cycle. It has a huge impact on the time, effort, and cost. This research investigated the effect of applying pair programming on software maintainability vs individual programming approach. We reviewed many related studies which talked about the two approaches, but few of them focused on maintainability. Therefore, we conducted an experiment in educational environment. The participants were novice students in their second year, who finished object oriented programming course. The participating students were divided into two groups, some worked as individual and the others worked as pairs. In order to get good results, we made the experiment among the students in a competitive way. Enabling those who produced the best code to win a cash prize. Finally, code obtained from both approaches was analyzed by software quality assurance expert, who has finished a master degree in software engineering. The results taken from pair groups showed a statistically significant difference in building software with 50% less errors, 30% less code, and 25% better code. Furthermore, there is a marginal reducing in programming time particularly in small size software compared to individual programming.

关键词： Pair programming solo programming Individual programming Maintainability High quality code

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