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Experimental investigation and modeling of the separation of ternary mixtures by hydrophilic pervaporation

SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020年第3期55卷 601-617页

作者： Valentinyi, Nora Andre, Anita Haaz, Eniko Fozer, Daniel Toth, Andras Jozsef Nagy, Tibor Mizsey, Peter Budapest Univ Technol & Econ Dept Chem & Environm Proc Engn Budafoki Ut 8 H-1111 Budapest Hungary Univ Miskolc Dept Fine Chem & Environm Technol Miskolc Hungary

In the course of the present study, the pervaporative dehydration of two ternary mixtures: ethanol/n-butanol/water and ethanol/ethyl acetate/water were investigated through hydrophilic polymer composite PERVAP 1210 membrane. The effects of temperature and the concentrations of water and organic components on permeation were studied through pervaporation experiments. The influence of Hansen solubility parameters of the components and mixtures on their permeation was also examined. It has been found that changes of organic ratios in the feed solution affect organic permeation due to mutual interactions and flux coupling. This interaction was built in a suggested semi-empirical mass-transport model for ternary mixtures with optional simplifications. The modeled partial fluxes are in good accordance with the measured values.

关键词： Pervaporation dehydration modeling solution-diffusion model ternary mixture

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The Effect of pH on Atenolol/Nanofiltration Membranes Affinity

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MEMBRANES 2021年第9期11卷 689-689页

作者： Soares, Elisa Veridiani Giacobbo, Alexandre Siqueira Rodrigues, Marco Antonio de Pinho, Maria Norberta Bernardes, Andrea Moura Fed Univ Rio Grande Do Sul UFRGS Postgrad Program Min Met & Mat Engn PPGE3M Av Bento Goncalves 9500 BR-91509900 Porto Alegre RS Brazil Univ Lisbon Ctr Phys & Engn Adv Mat CeFEMA Inst Super Tecn Av Rovisco Pais 1 P-1049001 Lisbon Portugal Feevale Univ Pure Sci & Technol Inst Postgrad Program Mat Technol & Ind Proc Rodovia RS 239 2755 BR-93525075 Novo Hamburgo RS Brazil Univ Lisbon Inst Super Tecn Chem Engn Dept Av Rovisco Pais 1 P-1049001 Lisbon Portugal

Nanofiltration has been shown to be effective in removing pharmaceutical compounds from water and wastewater, so different mechanisms can influence treatment performance. In the present work, we carried out a case study evaluating the performance of two nanofiltration membranes in the removal of Atenolol (ATN)-a pharmaceutical compound widely used for the treatment of arterial hypertension-under different conditions such as operating pressure, ATN concentration, and solution pH. By determining the B parameter, which quantifies the solute/membrane affinity, we verified that the solution pH influenced the performance of the membranes, promoting attraction or repulsion between the ATN and the membranes. At pH 2.5, both membranes and ATN were positively charged, causing electrostatic repulsion, showing lower values of the B parameter and, consequently, higher ATN rejections. At such a pH, the mean ATN rejection for the loose membrane (NF270) was 82%, while for the tight membrane (NF90) it was 88%. On the other hand, at 12 bar pressure, the NF70 membrane (5.1 x 10 (-5) m s(-1)) presented mean permeate fluxes about 2.8 times greater than the NF90 membrane (1.8 x 10(-5) m s(-1)), indicating that NF270 is the most suitable membrane for this application.

关键词： atenolol pharmaceutical compound wastewater treatment nanofiltration membrane separation solution-diffusion model membrane-solute interaction

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Water and salt transport properties of pentiptycene-containing sulfonated polysulfones for desalination membrane applications

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JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE 2021年 640卷

作者： Wang, Tao Gao, Feng Li, Si Phillip, William A. Guo, Ruilan Univ Notre Dame Dept Chem & Biomol Engn Notre Dame IN 46556 USA

A series of pentiptycene-containing disulfonated polysulfone copolymers (PENT-BP) were synthesized via condensation polymerization. Water and salt transport properties (solubility, diffusivity and permeability) were characterized for acid-form membranes (PENT-BP(H)) and compared with triptycene-based sulfonated polysulfones (TRP-BP(H)) and a non-iptycene-containing 4,4 '-biphenol-based series (BPS(H)) of polysulfones to investigate the effect of pentiptycene on membrane performance. At comparable water content, the PENT-BP(H) exhibited increased water and salt permeability due to the additional free volume introduced by the pentiptycene units. Enhanced water/salt permeability selectivity of PENT-BP(H) series was also observed due to a significantly higher diffusivity selectivity. At comparable water permeance (PwD similar to 8 x 10-6 cm2/s), the salt rejection of PENT-BP (H) copolymers obtained from dead-end filtration reached 91-93% at 400 psi, higher than that of a corresponding BPS(H) series. This study suggests that incorporation of iptycene moieties into polymer backbone is an effective strategy to enhance desalination membrane performance.

关键词： Reverse osmosis Pentiptycene Sulfonated polysulfone Water salt selectivity solution-diffusion model

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modeling of water-in-oil Pickering emulsion nanofiltration-Influence of temperature

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JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE 2021年 636卷

作者： Kempin, Maresa Vivien Schroeder, Hendrik Hohl, Lena Kraume, Matthias Drews, Anja HTW Berlin Univ Appl Sci Dept Chem Engn Life Sci Engn 2 Wilhelminenhofstr 75A D-12459 Berlin Germany TU Berlin Chair Chem & Proc Engn Marchstr 23 D-10587 Berlin Germany

Recently, the feasibility of Pickering emulsion membrane filtration has been shown to be a promising procedure for efficient catalyst recovery in continuous liquid/liquid multiphase catalysis. In this work, the impact of temperature on the permeation of the pure solvent 1-dodecene as well as on the filtration of water-in-oil Pickering emulsions stabilized with two different types of silica nanoparticles (differing in particle hydrophobicity) using an organic solvent nanofiltration membrane was experimentally investigated. While a temperature increase led to an increase in flux, the influence of the particle type was negligible. Furthermore, for the first time, a mathematical model to describe Pickering emulsion filtration was successfully developed. The flux of solvent through the membrane could be predicted via the solution-diffusion model including an Arrhenius-type relationship to describe the temperature dependency of the diffusion coefficient. Implementing this into a resistance in series model the Pickering emulsion filtration behavior could be predicted with high accuracy. These results are indispensable for the optimal process design for Pickering emulsion application in catalytic multiphase systems.

关键词： Mathematical modeling Organic solvent nanofiltration Pickering emulsions solution-diffusion model Temperature

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Analysis of transport mechanism of binary organic solvent system through a PDMS-based dense membrane using a regular solution model combined with a solution-diffusion model

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SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY 2012年 88卷 216-226页

作者： Miyagi, Atsushi Nabetani, Hiroshi Nakajima, Mitsutoshi Chiba Ind Technol Res Inst Chiba 2640017 Japan Natl Food Res Inst Natl Agr & Food Res Org Tsukuba Ibaraki 3058642 Japan Univ Tsukuba Grad Sch Life & Environm Sci Tsukuba Ibaraki 3058572 Japan

In the present study, transport mechanisms of various binary systems such as alcohol-hexane, alkane-hexane, lipid-hexane, and diesel fuel-kerosene systems through a PDMS-based dense membrane were investigated using a combined regular solution (RS) and solution-diffusion (SD) model at constant pressure and temperature. The combined model contains many important factors for permeability such as diffusivity, degree of swelling membrane, membrane thickness, and osmotic pressure. Total, hexane, and solvent fluxes (except for a part of the solvent flux) of all systems were controlled by molar volumes of hexane and solvent and solubility parameters of hexane, solvent, and membrane polymer based on the combined model. The selectivity of the solvent in these systems seems to depend upon the similarity of the molecular structures of hexane and solvent, corresponding to entropy mixing, and the interaction of the hexane-solvent-membrane polymer, corresponding to enthalpy mixing. The combined model could well describe the transport mechanism of the binary system. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Binary system Combined model Permeability PDMS-based dense membrane Regular solution model Selectivity solution-diffusion model

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Effect of mechanical strain on the transport properties of thin-film composite membranes used in osmotic processes

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JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE 2020年 615卷

作者： Idarraga-Mora, Jaime A. O'Neal, Alton D. Pfeiler, Morgan E. Ladner, David A. Husson, Scott M. Clemson Univ Dept Chem & Biomol Engn 127 Earle Hall Clemson SC USA Clemson Univ Dept Environm Engn & Earth Sci 342 Comp Court Anderson SC 29625 USA

In this work, we studied the mechanical behavior of commercial thin-film composite membranes and measured water and salt transport through membranes that were subjected to known degrees of strain. Our aim was to correlate linear strain with transport properties. Firstly, we showed that the global transport properties of the membranes did not change significantly after being subjected to linear strain values that are typical of pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) operations. Secondly, using a newly developed osmotically-driven burst pressure test for flat sheet membranes, we theorized that the increased salt passage through the membranes was attributable to local deformation and defect formation in the membrane region along the border of the feed spacer opening. Using laser microscopy, we were able to pinpoint the area on the membrane with increased deformation, and to measure the deformation profile. We defined a deformability coefficient to estimate the membrane strain at a known pressure in terms of easily attainable characteristics like opening size, membrane thickness and secant modulus and used it to postulate a solution-diffusion model that accounts for defects by considering the deformability of the membrane in the experimental setup. By incorporating membrane deformation into the boundary layer equations used to describe water and salt flux in osmotic processes (OP), the model can describe the observed dependence of salt flux with applied pressure. The model was used to fit our PRO experimental data and numerous data reported in the literature, which revealed that salt passage increases as membrane deformation increases. Along with this effect, there is a lowered mass-transfer resistance, which constitutes the tradeoff between mechanical deformation and mass-transfer resistance observed in pressurized OP. Our findings show that the deformability coefficient and our solution-diffusion model with defects can serve as guidelines for the design of membranes and modu

关键词： solution-diffusion model Membrane deformation Pressure-retarded osmosis Membrane mechanical properties

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Pervaporation removal of methanol from methanol/organic azeotropes using organosilica membranes: Experimental and modeling

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JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE 2020年 610卷

作者： Dong, Guanying Nagasawa, Hiroki Yu, Liang Wang, Qing Yamamoto, Kazuki Ohshita, Joji Kanezashi, Masakoto Tsuru, Toshinori Hiroshima Univ Dept Chem Engn 1-4-1 Kagamiyama Higashihiroshima 7398527 Japan Tokyo Univ Sci Dept Pure & Appl Chem Noda Chiba 2788510 Japan Hiroshima Univ Grad Sch Engn Dept Appl Chem Higashihiroshima 7398527 Japan

Membrane-based separation of organic/organic mixtures is of great importance in the chemical and petro-chemical industries, but remains very challenging owing to the harsh working conditions. Herein, ultrathin and chemically stable Bis(triethoxysilyl)acetylene (BTESA)-derived organosilica membranes were reproducibly pre-pared, and for the first time they were utilized in the pervaporation separation of methanol/organic azeotropes. The as-prepared BTESA membranes exhibited exceptional pervaporation performance in a 10 wt%/90 wt% methanol/dimethyl carbonate (DMC) mixture, and showed a high separation factor of approximately 120 with a permeation flux of 2-4 kg m(-2) h(-1) at 50 degrees C. This impressive performance was primarily the result of the pref-erential sorption of methanol and the efficient size sieving of DMC. In addition, the effects of feed concentration and temperature on methanol/DMC pervaporation performance were thoroughly investigated. Importantly, a generalized solution-diffusion model successfully described the pervaporation performance of BTESA mem-branes, and the usefulness of this model was further confirmed via the pervaporation of methanol/methyl acetate and methanol/methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) mixtures. This work demonstrates the great potential of orga-nosilica membranes for high-performance organic/organic pervaporation.

关键词： Organosilica membrane Pervaporation Methanol/DMC solution-diffusion model

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Microstructure Determines Water and Salt Permeation in Commercial Ion-Exchange Membranes

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ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018年第46期10卷 39745-39756页

作者： Kingsbury, R. S. Zhu, S. Flotron, S. Coronell, O. Univ N Carolina Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth Dept Environm Sci & Engn Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA

Ion-exchange membrane (IEM) performance in electrochemical processes such as fuel cells, redox flow batteries, or reverse electrodialysis (RED) is typically quantified through membrane selectivity and conductivity, which together determine the energy efficiency. However, water and co-ion transport (i.e., osmosis and salt diffusion/fuel crossover) also impact energy efficiency by allowing uncontrolled mixing of the electrolyte solutions to occur. For example, in RED with hypersaline water sources, uncontrolled mixing consumes 20-50% of the available mixing energy. Thus, in addition to high selectivity and high conductivity, it is desirable for IEMs to have low permeability to water and salt to minimize energy losses. Unfortunately, there is very little quantitative water and salt permeability information available for commercial IEMs, making it difficult to select the best membrane for a particular application. Accordingly, we measured the water and salt transport properties of 20 commercial IEMs and analyzed the relationships between permeability, diffusion, and partitioning according to the solution-diffusion model. We found that water and salt permeance vary over several orders of magnitude among commercial IEMs, making some membranes better suited than others to electrochemical processes that involve high salt concentrations and/or concentration gradients. Water and salt diffusion coefficients were found to be the principal factors contributing to the differences in permeance among commercial IEMs. We also observed that water and salt permeability were highly correlated to one another for all IEMs studied, regardless of polymer type or reinforcement. This finding suggests that transport of mobile salt in IEMs is governed by the microstructure of the membrane and provides clear evidence that mobile salt does not interact strongly with polymer chains in highly swollen IEMs.

关键词： Ion exchange membrane diffusion osmosis permeability solution-diffusion model

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From "Black Box" to a Real Description of Overall Mass Transport through Membrane and Boundary Layers

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MEMBRANES 2019年第2期9卷 18-18页

作者： Nagy, Endre Vitai, Marta Univ Pannonia Chem & Biochem Proc Lab Res Inst Biomol & Chem Engn Egyet U 10 H-8200 Veszprem Hungary

The "black box" model defines the enhancement, E the polarization modulus, C*/Co and the intrinsic enhancement, Eo without knowing the transport mechanism in the membrane. This study expresses the above-mentioned characteristic parameters, simultaneously taking into account the mass transport expressions developed for both the polarization and the membrane layers. Two membrane models are studied here, namely a solution-diffusion model characterizing solute transport through a dense membrane and a solution-diffusion plus convection model characterizing transport through a porous membrane due to transmembrane pressure difference. It is shown that the characteristic parameters of the "black box" model (E, Eo or C*/Co) can be expressed as a function of the transport parameters and independently from each other using two-layer models. Thus, membrane performance could be predicted by means of the transport parameters. Several figures show how enhancement and the polarization modulus varied as a function of the membrane Peclet number and the solubility coefficient. Enhancement strongly increased up to its maximum value when H > 1, in the case of transport through a porous membrane, whereas its change remained before unity in the case of a dense membrane. When the value of H < 1, the value of E gradually decreased with increasing values of the membrane Peclet number.

关键词： "black box" model two-layer transport solution-diffusion model diffusive plus convective flow dense membrane porous membrane enhancement polarization modulus

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Wastewater treatment by spiral wound reverse osmosis: Development and validation of a two dimensional process model

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JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION 2017年 140卷 1429-1443页

作者： Al-Obaidi, M. A. Kara-Zaitri, C. Mujtaba, I. M. Univ Bradford Sch Engn Fac Engn & Informat Bradford BD7 1DP W Yorkshire England

Reverse osmosis (RO) has become a significant method for removing salts and organic compounds from seawater and wastewater in recent decades. Spiral-wound module has been widely used due to a number of special features such as high packing density, premium separation and low operating cost. In this paper, a two-dimensional mathematical model is developed for the transport of dilute aqueous solutions through a spiral-wound RO module and the operational characteristics of the process under steady state conditions are analysed. The model is based on the solution-diffusion model coupled with the concentration polarization mechanism. This model yields a set of Differential and Algebraic Equations (DAEs), which are solved using the gPROMS software. The model is validated using experimental data from the literature for the rejection of dimethylphenol as solute in aqueous solutions. The model is then used to simulate the process under steady state conditions to gain deeper insight of the process. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： wastewater treatment Reverse osmosis Two-dimensional process model solution-diffusion model

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