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Description of the gas transport through dynamic liquid membrane

SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY 2017年 184卷 152-157页

作者： Uchytil, Petr Setnickova, Katerina Tseng, Hui-Hsin Sima, Vladimir Petrickovic, Roman CAS Vvi Inst Chem Proc Fundamentals Prague Czech Republic Chung Shan Med Univ Sch Occupat Safety & Hlth Taichung Taiwan Chung Shan Med Univ Hosp Dept Occupat Med Taichung 402 Taiwan

Recently we published a short communication about the gas separation by new type of membranes so called "dynamic liquid membranes" (DLM). The gas transport through water film was described by solution diffusion model commonly used for evaluation of the gas permeation through nonporous polymeric membranes;therefore this type of membranes is suitable for the separation of such systems where one of the components has high solubility in water. The separation ability of DLM based on thin water film for the binary mixtures of carbon dioxide and methane was investigated. Since direct measurement of permeate flux and its composition was not possible, we suggested three models for gas transport evaluation based on the use of simplifying assumptions. The obtained values of carbon dioxide permeate flux (permeance) from all models are very close, the highest difference is 6.3 mol % for feed composition 92 mol % CO2. Carbon dioxide flux is between 0.048 and 0.729 m(3) m(-2) h(-1). The results of carbon dioxide permeation flux determined as difference between experimental values of the feed and retentate fluxes with permeate flux calculated using the model 3 were in very good agreement. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Gas separation Liquid membrane solution-diffusion model Water Carbon dioxide/methane

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model-based performance and energy analyses of reverse osmosis to reuse wastewater in a PVC production site

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JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2017年第13期52卷 1218-1225页

作者： Hu, Kang Fiedler, Thorsten Blanco, Laura Geissen, Sven-Uwe Zander, Simon Prieto, David Blanco, Angeles Negro, Carlos Swinnen, Nathalie Tech Univ Berlin Environm Proc Engn Sekr KF2Str 17 Juni 135 D-10623 Berlin Germany Univ Complutense Madrid Fac Ciencias Quim Dept Ingn Quim Madrid Spain Inovyn Spain Martorell Spain Solvay Environm Lab Res & Innovat Brussels Belgium

A pilot-scale reverse osmosis (RO) followed behind a membrane bioreactor (MBR) was developed for the desalination to reuse wastewater in a PVC production site. The solution-diffusion-film model (SDFM) based on the solution-diffusion model (SDM) and the film theory was proposed to describe rejections of electrolyte mixtures in the MBR effluent which consists of dominant ions (Na+ and Cl-) and several trace ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and SO42-). The universal global optimisation method was used to estimate the ion permeability coefficients (B) and mass transfer coefficients (K) in SDFM. Then, the membrane performance was evaluated based on the estimated parameters which demonstrated that the theoretical simulations were in line with the experimental results for the dominant ions. Moreover, an energy analysis model with the consideration of limitation imposed by the thermodynamic restriction was proposed to analyse the specific energy consumption of the pilot-scale RO system in various scenarios.

关键词： Film theory energy analysis PVC production wastewater reverse osmosis solution-diffusion model

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Removal of anilinic compounds using the NF-97 membrane: Application of the solution-diffusion and SKK models

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SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2016年第14期51卷 2429-2439页

作者： Hidalgo, A. M. Gomez, M. Murcia, M. D. Gomez, E. Leon, G. Sanchez, A. Univ Murcia Fac Quim Dept Ingn Quim E-30001 Murcia Spain Univ Politecn Cartagena Dept Ingn Quim & Ambiental Cartagena Spain

In the present work, the characterization of the polyamide membrane NF-97 has been carried out studying its behaviour in the treatment of effluents that contain anilinic compounds. High rejection coefficients with a maximum value of 94.72% for aniline, 79.83% for 4-chloroaniline, and 63.63% for 4-nitroaniline were obtained with operating pressures of about 30 bar and pH values between 3 and 4. The fouling parameter based on solute permeate flux was higher than that for the solvent permeate flux and higher for magnesium chloride. Lastly, experimental data were fitted to the solution-diffusion model and to the simplified model of Spiegler-Kedem-Katchalsky.

关键词： Anilinic compounds nanofiltration SKK-model solution-diffusion model

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solution-diffusion-film model for the description of pressure-driven trans-membrane transfer of electrolyte mixtures: One dominant salt and trace ions

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JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE 2011年第1-2期368卷 192-201页

作者： Yaroshchuk, Andriy Martinez-Llado, Xavier Llenas, Laia Rovira, Miquel de Pablo, Joan Polytechn Univ Catalonia Dept Chem Engn Barcelona 08028 Spain Polytechn Univ Catalonia ICREA Barcelona 08028 Spain CTM Ctr Tecnol Manresa 08242 Spain

The solution-diffusion-film model previously used for the description of rejection of single salts by NF membranes is extended to the case of electrolyte mixtures consisting of a single dominant salt and (any number of) trace ions. An especially simple analytical solution is obtained in the approximation of constant (composition-independent) membrane permeabilities with respect to the dominant salt and trace ions. A quasi-analytical protocol is developed for the correction of observable trace rejections for concentration polarization within the scope of film model. It is demonstrated that the trans-membrane transfer of trace ions is essentially influenced by the electric fields arising due to the differences in the membrane permeabilities with respect to the cations and anions of dominant salt. Accordingly, information on these permeabilities can be extracted from experimental data on the rejection of trace ions as a function of trans-membrane volume flow. The membrane permeability to the trace ions themselves can also be estimated. This is clearly advantageous over just a single value of membrane permeability to the salt obtainable from the interpretation of traditional measurements with single salts within the scope of the same model. This novel theoretical approach is used for the interpretation of experimental data on the rejection of various dominant single salts and trace ions by a commercial NF membrane in a cross-flow setup with a rectangular spacer-filled feed channel. In this way, quantitative information could be obtained on the membrane permeabilities with respect to several single ions (Na(+), Cl(-), Ca(2+), SO(4)(2-)) being parts of dominant salts as well as traces. This information can be useful for the optimization of nanofiltration of mixed electrolyte solutions in various applications. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Membrane solution-diffusion model Film model Electrolyte mixture Nanofiltration Trace ion Dominant salt Rejection diffusion permeability Concentration polarization Single-ion permeability Analytical solution

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Experimental determination of nanofiltration models: application to nitrate removal

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DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 2016年第48-49期57卷 22852-22859页

作者： Sancho, M. Alvarez-Blanco, S. Kombo, G. O. M. Garcia-Fayos, B. Univ Politecn Valencia ISIRYM Res Inst Camino de Vera S-N E-46022 Valencia Spain

Nowadays, nitrate contamination of groundwater is a growing problem both in developed and developing countries. Such contamination comes mainly from the intensive use of nitrogen fertilizers in agriculture. Other possible sources of water contamination by nitrates are improper discharges of industrial effluents, the inadequate management of leachate from landfill of municipal solid waste and effluents from intensive farming. The maximum permissible concentration of nitrates in the water for public consumption in the EU countries is 50mg/L, although the World Health Organization established a value of 25mg/L to be considered a quality water. This problem of nitrate contamination, widespread in countries of the European Union, is very important in Spain, where there are some regions with a high presence of aquifers with nitrate concentrations significantly higher than the established limits. Among the possible treatments for nitrate removal from contaminated waters, nanofiltration (NF) is a technically proven process that eliminates nitrates without causing a significant imbalance in the rest of dissolved salts. In this work, the removal of nitrates from water using a commercial NF membrane is studied. Synthetic feeds with levels of nitrate concentration higher than the ones usually found in contaminated aquifers have been considered. On the other hand, the experimental results have been fitted to the solution-diffusion model, having found mathematical expressions that can be used to predict membrane performance for feed concentrations higher than 100mg/L. The model considers the concentration on the surface of the membrane, estimated by the film theory model. It has been proved that concentration polarization cannot be neglected for this application. The tested membrane allows nitrate decontamination of water (concentration below the legal limit) in one pass for values of feed concentration up to 100mg/L, with a transmembrane pressure of 5bar.

关键词： Nanofiltration Nitrate removal Experimental results solution-diffusion model

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Mass transfer in pervaporation: The key component approximation for the solution-diffusion model

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DESALINATION 2010年第1-3期251卷 161-166页

作者： Schaetzel, Pierre Bouallouche, Rachida Amar, Hamid Ait Nguyen, Quang Trong Riffault, Benoit Marais, Stephane Univ Caen Inst Univ Technol Dept Genie Chim Lab Procedes Mat F-14032 Caen France

A simple mass transfer model for the pervaporation process. the key component model, is described. in pervaporation the selectivity is often of the sorption type, which means that at the upstream side of the membrane, one of the components is much more sorbed than the others. The diffusivity of each component in this model does only depend on the volume fraction occupied by the key component. With this approximation when to solvents are involved in the pervaporation process the classical 6-parameter model becomes a four-parameter model. We develop the mass transfer equations in a special case where the diffusivity of each pure component follows Long's equation with a common plastization coefficient. The key component model is checked with data concerning pervaporation of ethanol-water mixtures through a PVA based membrane that follows these conditions. The limiting diffusivities and piastization coefficient are obtained from equilibrium and pervaporation data (at nil downstream pressure). The model allows the prediction of the pervaporation fluxes at growing downstream pressure. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Pervaporation solution-diffusion model PVA Membrane Downstream pressure

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Mathematical modelling and numerical simulation of CO₂/CH₄ separation in a polymeric membrane

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APPLIED MATHEMATICAL modelLING 2015年第21期39卷 6599-6611页

作者： Gilassi, Sina Rahmanian, Nejat Univ Teknol PETRONAS Dept Chem Engn Bandar Seri Iskandar 31750 Perak Malaysia Univ Bradford Fac Engn & Informat Sch Engn Chem Engn Programme Bradford BD7 1DP W Yorkshire England

CO2 capture from natural gas was experimentally and theoretically studied using a dead-end polymeric permeation cell. A numerical model was proposed for the separation of CO2/CH4 using Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) in a flat sheet membrane module and developed based upon the continuity, momentum and mass transfer equations. The slip velocity condition was considered to show the reflection of gas flow in contact with the membrane surface. The solution method was based on the well-known SIMPLE algorithm and implemented using MATLAB to determine the velocity and concentration profiles. Due to change in velocity direction in the membrane module, the hybrid differencing scheme was used to solve the diffusion-convection equation. The results of the model were compared with the experimental data obtained as part of this work and good agreement was observed. The distribution of CO2 concentration inside the feed and permeate chambers was shown and the velocity profile at the membrane surface was also determined using reflection factor for polymeric membrane. The modelling result revealed that increasing the amount of CO2 in gas feed resulted in an increase in the CO2 in the permeate stream while the gas feed pressure increased. By changing the permeability, the model developed by use of the solution-diffusion concept could be used for all polymeric membranes with flat sheet modules. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Mathematical modelling solution-diffusion model PTFE membrane SIMPLE algorithm CO2/CH4 separation Cross flow membrane cell

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A Modified solution-diffusion model and Its Application in the Pervaporation Separation of Benzene/Cyclohexane Mixtures in PDMS Membrane

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JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 2009年第9期42卷 640-647页

作者： Chen, Jian Huang, Junqi Li, Jiding Zhan, Xia Chen, Cuixian Tsinghua Univ Dept Chem Engn Beijing 10084 Peoples R China

In this paper, a modified solution-diffusion model is proposed to account for the mass transport of penetrants in the polymer membrane. In the model, the group contribution method (the UNIFAC-ZM model) is introduced to calculate the activity of penetrants in the polymer membrane, and a new temperature-dependence diffusion coefficient equation is developed to describe the diffusion behavior of the penetrants. The aim of this work is to establish a predictive solution-diffusion model. By refitting the group interaction parameters based on pervaperation data of penetrants-membrane systems, the model can be applied to predict the fluxes and separation factors of various polymer membrane systems. As an exemplary application of the model, the permeation fluxes and separation factors of benzene/cyclohexane mixtures in a PDMS membrane system have been predicted and shown to be in good agreement with experimental values.

关键词： solution-diffusion model Group Contribution Method Pervaporation Membrane

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Prediction of boron transport through seawater reverse osmosis membranes using solution-diffusion model

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DESALINATION 2009年第1-3期247卷 33-44页

作者： Hung, Phan Vu Xuan Cho, Seung-Hee Moon, Seung-Hyeon Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol Dept Environm Sci & Engn Kwangju South Korea

One of the key transport parameter-permeability, is being used as an intrinsic characteristic of membrane for reverse osmosis process prediction. In this study, the prediction of reverse osmosis process in terms of boron rejection was carried out in two steps. First, the permeability of boron existing as boric acid B(OH)(3) and as metaborate ion B(OH)(4)(-) through seawater reverse osmosis membranes was estimated in three types of feed matrix: DI water, NaCl and artificial seawater. The second step was to develop a computer program using boric and borate permeabilities as inputs to predict the boron rejection at different operating conditions. The governing equations were derived from the solution-diffusion model. The effect of temperature was quantitatively determined employing a representative constant and incorporated with the program. The prediction showed good agreement with experimental data obtained from a lab-scale plate-frame type reverse osmosis system.

关键词： Boron removal Reverse osmosis membranes Desalination solution-diffusion model Prediction

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Rejection of nine haloacetic acids and coupled reverse draw solute permeation in forward osmosis

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DESALINATION 2014年第1期341卷 1-9页

作者： Kong, Fan-xin Yang, Hong-wei Wang, Xiao-mao Xie, Yuefeng F. Tsinghua Univ Sch Environm State Key Joint Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con Beijing 100084 Peoples R China Penn State Univ Environm Engn Programs Capital College PA 17057 USA

The rejection of haloacetic acids (HAAs) by forward osmosis (FO) and the coupled reverse draw solute permeation were experimentally determined and mathematically modeled by using the solution-diffusion model for both the AL-FW (active layer facing the feed water) and the AL-DS (active layer facing the draw solution) orientations. The rejection ratio for each HAA increased with the increase of draw solute concentration for the AL-FW orientation. In contrast, the HAA rejection ratio could reach its maximum under a medium osmotic pressure difference for the AL-DS orientation. The rejection ratios for all HAAs were higher than 94.6% for the AL-FW orientation and ranged from 73.8% to 89.1% for the AL-DS orientation under a draw solute concentration of 1 mol/L NaCI. The reverse draw solute flux for the AL-FW orientation was lower than that for the AL-DS orientation. The model-predicted HAA rejection results matched well with the experimental rejection ratios for the AL-FW orientation. However, the model over-estimated the rejection ratios for the AL-DS mode, likely due to the adoption of inaccurate mass transfer coefficient for internal concentration polarization. Regarding the reverse draw solute permeation, a general agreement between the model prediction and experimental data was observed for both orientations. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Haloacetic acids (HAAs) Forward osmosis Concentration polarization solution-diffusion model Reverse draw solute permeation

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