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What Makes Software Energy-Efficient? Make It Faster 41

What Makes Software Energy-Efficient? Make It Faster

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41st IEEE Annual Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC)

作者： Matsuo, Hiroyuki Matsumoto, Shinsuke Kusumoto, Shinji Osaka Univ Grad Sch Informat Sci & Technol Suita Osaka Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781538603673

In order to reduce software energy consumption, a lot of studies have been carried out focusing on the difference of implementation, such as API and algorithm. However, we hypothesize that there is a strong correlation between total energy consumption of a program and duration of its execution. If this hypothesis is correct, reducing energy consumption is equal to decreasing duration. Experimental results reveal that there is a strong positive correlation between them, and its correlation coefficient is higher than 0.9. We also find that memory usage is weakly correlated with total energy consumption. As a result, we conclude that if developers want to reduce software energy consumption, they should firstly decrease duration of execution, and secondly reduce memory usage.

关键词： energy consumption software program sorting algorithm Java Collections class

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A Setwise Approach for Effective and Highly Efficient Zero-shot Ranking with Large Language Models 47

A Setwise Approach for Effective and Highly Efficient Zero-s...

引用

47th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR)

作者： Zhuang, Shengyao Zhuang, Honglei Koopman, Bevan Zuccon, Guido CSIRO Brisbane Qld Australia Google Res Mountain View CA USA Univ Queensland St Lucia Qld Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9798400704314

We propose a novel zero-shot document ranking approach based on Large Language Models (LLMs): the Setwise prompting approach. Our approach complements existing prompting approaches for LLM-based zero-shot ranking: Pointwise, Pairwise, and Listwise. Through the first-of-its-kind comparative evaluation within a consistent experimental framework and considering factors like model size, token consumption, latency, among others, we show that existing approaches are inherently characterised by trade-offs between effectiveness and efficiency. We find that while Pointwise approaches score high on efficiency, they suffer from poor effectiveness. Conversely, Pairwise approaches demonstrate superior effectiveness but incur high computational overhead. Our Setwise approach, instead, reduces the number of LLM inferences and the amount of prompt token consumption during the ranking procedure, compared to previous methods. This significantly improves the efficiency of LLM-based zero-shot ranking, while also retaining high zero-shot ranking effectiveness. We make our code and results publicly available at https://***/ielab/llm-rankers.

关键词： Large Language Model for Zero-shot ranking setwise prompting sorting algorithm

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JA-trie: Entropy-Based Packet Classification 15

JA-trie: Entropy-Based Packet Classification

引用

15th IEEE International Conference on High Performance Switching and Routing (HPSR)

作者： Antichi, Gianni Callegari, Christian Moore, Andrew W. Giordano, Stefano Anastasi, Enrico Univ Cambridge Comp Lab Cambridge CB2 1TN England Univ Pisa Dept Informat Engn I-56100 Pisa Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781479916337

Any improvement in packet classification performance is crucial to ensure Internet functions continue to track the ever-increasing link capacities. Packet classification is the foundation of many Internet functions: from fundamental packet-forwarding to advanced features such as Quality of Service enforcement, monitoring and security functions. This work proposes a novel trie-based classification algorithm, named Jump-Ahead Trie (JA-trie), utilizing an entropy-based pre-processing phase and a novel approach to wildcard matching. Through extensive experimental tests, we demonstrate that our proposed algorithm is able to outperform a range of state-of-the-art classification algorithms.

关键词： Data structures Entropy Hardware IP networks Internet Memory management Quality of service Store management packet classification Quality of service Internet Protocol networks Data structures Computer hardware Internets entropy sorting algorithm

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A method based on tree-structured Markov random field for forest area classification

A method based on tree-structured Markov random field for fo...

引用

IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium

作者： Cuozzo, G D'Elia, C Puzzolo, V Univ Cassino DAEIMI I-03043 Cassino Italy

ISBN: (纸本)0780387422

The forest cover classification is extremely important for land use planning and management. In this framework, the application of pixel based classifications of middle resolution images is well assessed while the usefulness of segmentation processes and object classification is still improving. In this paper, a method based on tree-structured Markov random field (TS-MRF) is applied to Landsat TM images in order to assess the capability of the TS-MRF segmentation algorithm for discriminating forest-non forest covers in a test area located in the Eastern Italian Alps of Trentino. In particular, the regions of interest are selected from the image using a two step process based on a segmentation algorithm and an analysis process. The segmentation is achieved applying a MRF a-prior model, which takes into account the spatial dependencies in the image, and the TS-MRF optimisation algorithm which segments recursively the image in smaller regions using a binary tree structure. The analysis process links to each object identified by the segmentation a set of features related to the geometry (like shape, smoothness, etc.), to the spectral signature and to the neighbour regions (contextual features). These features were used in this study for classifying each object as forest or non-forest thought a simple supervised classification algorithm based on a thresholds built on the feature values obtained from a set of training objects. This method already allowed the detection of the Forest area within the study area with an accuracy of 90%, while better performances could be achieved using more sophisticated classification algorithm, like Neural Networks and Support Vector Machine.

关键词： forestry vegetation mapping terrain mapping geophysical signal processing land use planning image classification image segmentation tree data structures Markov processes feature extraction tree-structured Markov random field forest area classification forest cover classification land use management pixel based classifications middle resolution images object classification Landsat TM images TS-MRF segmentation algorithm forest-nonforest cover discrimination Eastern Italian Alps Trentino Italy image spatial dependencies TS-MRF optimisation algorithm binary tree structure object identification spectral signature contextual features supervised classification algorithm forest area detection neural networks support vector machine Land use planning image segmentation Spectrum signatures wooded area Trentino tree data structures sorting algorithm object recognition geophysical signal processing Land use management Support Vector Network terrain mapping vegetation mapping Image classification Neural network

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Derive Local Invariance Transformations from SVM

Derive Local Invariance Transformations from SVM

引用

International Joint Conference on Neural Networks

作者： Ling Ping Wang Zhe Wang Xi Zhou Chun-guang Jilin Univ Coll Comp Sci & Technol Key Lab Symbol Computat & Knowledge Engn Natl Educ Minist Changchun 130012 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424418206

Invariance transformation (IT) is a rewarding technique to facilitate classification. But it is often difficult to derive its definition. This paper derives a local invariance transformation definition from SVM decision function. The corresponding IT-distance definition is consequently designed in both input space and feature space. And a classification algorithm based on IT and Nearest Neighbor rule is proposed, named as ITNN. ITNN exploits hyper sphere centers as class prototypes and labels data using a weighted voting strategy. ITNN is of computational ease brought by training dataset reduction and hyper parameter self-tuning. We describe experimental evidence of classification performance improved by ITNN on real datasets over state of the arts.

关键词： Support Vector Network sorting algorithm invariance state of the art Eigenvector Corresponding information technology tuning Dataset

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Local and Centralized control strategy for Capacitor Voltage Balancing of Modular Multilevel Converter 5

Local and Centralized control strategy for Capacitor Voltage...

引用

5th IEEE International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA)

作者： Verdugo, Cristian Candela, Jose I. Rodriguez, Pedro UPC SEER Dept Elect Engn Terrassa Spain Abengoa Res Abengoa Seville Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9781509033881

This paper presents two different control strategies to balance the capacitor voltage of sub-modules in modular multi-level converters. In the centralized control, sub-modules receive the switching state defined by a proposed sorting algorithm in order to control the capacitor voltage. The proposed algorithm reduces the number of switching changes in comparison with the classical sorting algorithm used in literature. The local control based on a PI controller is integrated into the sub-modules, for this reason, all the cells in the arm receive the same modulation index, being modified according to voltage references. Both control strategies are evaluated and validated through simulation results.

关键词： Capacitor voltage balancing Centralized control balance Local control balance Modular Multilevel Converter sorting algorithm

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Manufacturing test data analysis - On comparing different classification algorithms

Manufacturing test data analysis - On comparing different cl...

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International Symposium on Information Technology Convergence

作者： Lee, Jia Keat Phon-Amnuaisuk, Somnuk Chew, Huat Chin Ho, Chin Kuan Multimedia Univ Fac Informat Technol Cyberjaya Malaysia Intel Corp Bayan Lepaz FIZ George Town Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9780769530451

Due to the circuit complexity and the number of parameters involved, test relationship of a Test Program (TP) might not be fully discovered. Traditionally, TP setup are defined based on the domain expertise and gathered experience of an engineer. Such judgment is time consuming and could be inefficient especially when new products and technologies are rapidly developed for the competing market. If the complexity of a TP increases, the undetected interrelationship among tests in a TP will also increase. In this paper, inferences are performed to a huge and complex TP using different classification algorithms, with the primary goal to discover potential test relationships in a fast and efficient way. The mining output can be used as a reference and basis for test engineers to improve TP setup or to reprogram test machine to replace current exhaustive test policy.

关键词： sorting algorithm circuit complexity New products Engineers observational data

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A Detailed Power Loss Analysis of Modular Multilevel Converter 30

A Detailed Power Loss Analysis of Modular Multilevel Convert...

引用

30th Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)

作者： Erturk, Feyzullah Hava, Ahmet M. Middle E Tech Univ Elect & Elect Engn Dept TR-06531 Ankara Turkey

ISBN: (纸本)9781479967353

This paper thoroughly examines the semiconductor power loss characteristics of modular multilevel converters (MMC). Power loss behavior is examined under different pulse width modulation (PWM) methods and operating conditions. The effects of stored energy level, circulating current control utilization, power factor and submodule voltage balancing method on power loss are studied. Furthermore, unbalanced power losses and specific semiconductor stresses within a submodule are visualized by investigating the loss distribution in a submodule. The paper aids in understanding and design of MMC converter modules, selecting PWM and control methods with power loss perspective.

关键词： modular multilevel converter phase disposition (PD) PWM phase shift PWM power loss sorting algorithm

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Sentence-based Plot Classification for Online Review Comments

Sentence-based Plot Classification for Online Review Comment...

引用

IEEE/WIC/ACM International Joint Conferences on Web Intelligence (WI) and Intelligent Agent Technologies (WI-IAT)

作者： Iwai, Hidenari Hijikata, Yoshinori Ikeda, Kaori Nishida, Shogo Osaka Univ Grad Sch Engn Sci Suita Osaka 565 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781479941438

Many shopping sites provide functions to submit a user review for a purchased item. Reviews of items including stories such as novels and movies sometimes contain spoilers (undesired and revealing plot descriptions) along with the opinions of the review author. In this paper, we propose a system that helps users see reviews without seeing such plot descriptions. This system classifies each sentence in a user review as plot-related or non-plot-related and hides plot descriptions from user reviews. We tested five common machine-learning algorithms to ascertain the appropriate algorithm to address this problem. We also proposed a method of generalizing people's names, which we think is strongly related to the plot description. We verified its contribution to the classification results. Finally, we implemented a display interface of user reviews in which users can control the level of plot hiding.

关键词： customer satisfaction learning (artificial intelligence) pattern classification retail data processing user interfaces classilication results display interface machine-learning algorithms online review comments plot descriptions plot hiding purchased item review author sentence-based plot classification shopping sites user review Classification algorithms DVD Educational institutions Logistics Machine learning algorithms Motion pictures Support vector machines bag of words machine learning plot classification sentiment analysis text mining Machine learning algorithms Cinema business data processing sorting algorithm Educational institutions text mining User Interface Device Component Pattern recognition Consumer Satisfaction Logistics Support Vector Network Films Digital versatile discs DIGITAL VIDEO DISC Consumers

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Increasing Flexibility of Time Triggered Ethernet based Systems by Optimal Greedy Scheduling Approach 20

Increasing Flexibility of Time Triggered Ethernet based Syst...

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20th IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)

作者： Wisniewski, Lukasz Schumacher, Markus Jasperneite, Juergen Diedrich, Christian Ostwestfalen Lippe Univ Appl Sci inIT Inst Ind IT D-32657 Lemgo Germany Fraunhofer IOSB INA Applicat Ctr Ind Automat D-32657 Lemgo Germany Univ Magdeburg Inst Automat Technol D-39106 Magdeburg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781467379298

Many aspects have to be considered while achieving flexibility of production systems. One of them is flexible communication system that on one hand fulfils requirements of a particular industrial application and on the other hand allows integration of new network components optimally in a seamless way. In this paper, an approach to increase, rather static, Time Triggered Ethernet based systems is proposed. It is based on a greedy scheduling approach that can be implemented directly in a processing limited hardware such as IO Controller. This, together with the discovery and auto configuration mechanism proposed in Ill allows to shift the engineering process typically performed offline using engineering tool to the field level. Furthermore, it has been proven that the proposed scheduling approach is not only simple but also powerful. It is able to calculate an optimal schedule for any kind of tree graph and the complexity of the algorithm is defined by the complexity of the used sorting algorithm.

关键词： Tree graphs Ethernet networks greedy method sorting algorithm Engineering tools Network components field level IO Flexibility

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