The modular multilevel converter (MMC) is attracting more and more interest in high-power and high-voltage applications. Highly redundant, each arm of the converter is made of a large number of identical submodules wi...
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The modular multilevel converter (MMC) is attracting more and more interest in high-power and high-voltage applications. Highly redundant, each arm of the converter is made of a large number of identical submodules with inner storage capability allowing to reach very high voltage without dc-link capacitor. The control of such a converter represents a challenge when it comes to the implementation of an MMC with a large number of submodules, namely in distributing the control tasks and handling the communicated values in-between controllers and submodules. This paper presents the details of an innovative submodule selection method for the submodule capacitor's voltage balancing within one arm of an MMC. "The Tortoise and the Hare" sorting method shows very fast response, high reliability, and its implementation suits a large number of implemented submodules as for high-voltage dc applications. The proposed submodule capacitor's balancing method is validated on a three-phase 10-kVA prototype with five submodules per arm.
In real world multi-criteria group decision making (MCGDM) problems, the decision making information provided by the decision makers is often imprecise or uncertain because of a lack of data, time pressure, or the dec...
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In real world multi-criteria group decision making (MCGDM) problems, the decision making information provided by the decision makers is often imprecise or uncertain because of a lack of data, time pressure, or the decision makers' limited information-processing capabilities. Intuitionistic fuzzy sets, however, have been shown to have greater imprecision and an increased ambiguity than ordinary fuzzy sets. For these reasons, this paper proposes a new outranking sorting method for group decision making using intuitionistic fuzzy sets. Based on a proposed intuitionistic fuzzy support function, risk function and credibility function, we first propose a new method for the construction of an intuitionistic fuzzy outranking relation to exploit the sorting problems. Then we extend the proposed intuitionistic fuzzy sorting method to take account of group decision techniques and to develop an adaptive search and adjustment approach for the group consensus. Finally, a numerical example for a bridge risk assessment is provided to elucidate the details of the proposed method, and then this method is compared with other current methods to further demonstrate its flexibility. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
With the wide application and the popularization of electricity meter in State Grid, various faults often occur to the electricity meter which is often subject to various types of interference. To realize the effectiv...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781728146898
With the wide application and the popularization of electricity meter in State Grid, various faults often occur to the electricity meter which is often subject to various types of interference. To realize the effective application of electricity meter in the whole life cycle, the sorting of chang back smart electricity meters has been carried out by the State Grid Corporation. However, the sorting efficiency and results are seriously affected by the chaotic sorting items and the frequent failure of sorting device. To solve the problems and to realize the efficient sorting and reusing of the electricity meter, the techniques of sorting for the change back meter were carefully analyzed, the modular design method is applied to the sorting device, the sorting process is optimized and the closed-loop system architecture is designed, in this way, the efficient sorting and the collaborative analysis of sorting data can be realized for the change back meter, which makes the quality management for the life cycle of electricity meter being optimized.
In this paper, a new multiple criteria sorting method, BWMSort square is applied under fuzzy environment where interval type-2 fuzzy sets (IT2FSs) are used to deal with unclear class assignments. Motivated by the idea...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781538617281
In this paper, a new multiple criteria sorting method, BWMSort square is applied under fuzzy environment where interval type-2 fuzzy sets (IT2FSs) are used to deal with unclear class assignments. Motivated by the idea of AHPSort square and Best-Worst method (BWM), we extend the BWM to a sorting method for dividing alternatives into predefined classes and reducing the times of comparison by the limiting profiles and representative points. Furthermore, to better simulate uncertainties and fuzzy information, softening transitions between classes are used to accommodate interval type-2 fuzzy environment. Finally, an example is provided to illustrate effectiveness of the proposed method.
Based on the elliptic element model, the new sorting method on the same pattern compound materials was given in this paper according to the pictures obtained by electronic microscopy systems on the surfaces. Here, the...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783037856925
Based on the elliptic element model, the new sorting method on the same pattern compound materials was given in this paper according to the pictures obtained by electronic microscopy systems on the surfaces. Here, the block design combined with variance analysis was introduced to sort the compound materials that contained that the copper-base mingled with graphite, silica and other non-pronounced components. Here, the five kinds of the same pattern compound materials were proposed for sorting, only the graphite distribution was considered and their mixture ratios of components were separately 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%. At last, through experiment data and statistical analysis, the result of sorting was basically corresponding to the above mixture ratios of components.
To improve the efficiency of large-scale retired power battery (RPB) sorting in echelon utilization, and a stratified sorting method is proposed in the paper which takes battery module (BM) as object. Firstly, the cor...
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To improve the efficiency of large-scale retired power battery (RPB) sorting in echelon utilization, and a stratified sorting method is proposed in the paper which takes battery module (BM) as object. Firstly, the correlation characteristic between the single battery and BM is built, and the main parameters of affecting the attenuation characteristic of the BM are defined. According to the consistency of the static initial parameters of the battery module, the first sorting is accomplished. Secondly, the characteristics correlation function between the single battery and the BM is established. The output characteristics of BM are calculated by using the equilibrium control method. Finally, the coupling relationship of the state of charge (SOC), depth of discharge, power characteristics and the state of health (SOH) of BM are established considering the SOH of BM comprehensively. The BM is sorted for the second time by using k-means clustering. The proposed sorting method is verified by simulation which effectively improves the accuracy of sorting and improves the battery's SOH.
Social choice process proposed by Bandyopadhyay allows non-optimal alternatives to enter the next round for further choice, and it can give the optimal alternatives but not the sorting results. In this paper, a sortin...
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Social choice process proposed by Bandyopadhyay allows non-optimal alternatives to enter the next round for further choice, and it can give the optimal alternatives but not the sorting results. In this paper, a sorting method for decision alternatives based on social choice process extension are given, which can give the sorting results of T n process by reference to the optimal alternatives generated in the T n-1 process. And then the entire process is pushed back, the sorting results of the last two subsets can be got. Furthermore, by repeating the process, the optimal alternatives in each round choice can be got through the determination of the benchmarking alternatives. The method does not need to give preference information of each pair of alternatives in the alternatives comparison, and which reduces the comparison process and improves the selection efficiency under the premise of ensuring effective selection result. Finally, an example proves that the method has the practicality and effectiveness.
Fostering technological innovation is essential for firms to survive in increasingly turbulent business ecosystems. Research and Development (R&D) projects are the lifeblood of technological innovations, but they ...
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Fostering technological innovation is essential for firms to survive in increasingly turbulent business ecosystems. Research and Development (R&D) projects are the lifeblood of technological innovations, but they typically face significant risks. The occurrence of risk hampers the proper development of R&D projects, which can have serious economic impacts on the firm. These impacts can be mitigated through proper risk management. According to ISO 31000, this requires analyzing both the impact and the probability of risk occurrence simultaneously. Existing methods in the literature do not address both simultaneously but rather focus on either the impact or the probability of occurrence. Moreover, these methods are not capable of sorting projects based on their level of exposure to risk, which would support managers in decision-making. With these gaps in mind, this study proposes a novel Probability-Impact method based on the adaptation of AHPSort. Its applicability is demonstrated through the risk assessment of five technological R&D projects developed by an engineering firm. The findings highlight that legal, user, external party, and technological risks significantly threaten technological R&D projects. Concrete management actions are provided to successfully mitigate these risks.
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