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Measuring the effect of clone refactoring on the size of unit test cases in object-oriented software: an empirical study

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INNOVATIONS IN SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 2019年第2期15卷 117-137页

作者： Badri, Mourad Badri, Linda Hachemane, Oussama Ouellet, Alexandre Univ Quebec Trois Rivieres Software Engn Res Lab Dept Math & Comp Sci Trois Rivieres PQ Canada

This paper aims at empirically measuring the effect of clone refactoring on the size of unit test cases in object-oriented software. We investigated various research questions related to the: (1) impact of clone refactoring on source code attributes (particularly size, complexity and coupling) that are related to testability of classes, (2) impact of clone refactoring on the size of unit test cases, (3) correlations between the variations observed after clone refactoring in both source code attributes and the size of unit test cases and (4) variations after clone refactoring in the source code attributes that are more associated with the size of unit test cases. We used different metrics to quantify the considered source code attributes and the size of unit test cases. To investigate the research questions, and develop predictive and explanatory models, we used various data analysis and modeling techniques, particularly linear regression analysis and five machine learning algorithms (C4.5, KNN, Naive Bayes, Random Forest and Support Vector Machine). We conducted an empirical study using data collected from two open-source Java software systems (ANT and ARCHIVA) that have been clone refactored. Overall, the paper contributions can be summarized as: (1) the results revealed that there is a strong and positive correlation between code clone refactoring and reduction in the size of unit test cases, (2) we showed how code quality attributes that are related to testability of classes are significantly improved when clones are refactored, (3) we observed that the size of unit test cases can be significantly reduced when clone refactoring is applied, and (4) complexity/size measures are commonly associated with the variations of the size of unit test cases when compared to coupling.

关键词： Object-oriented software Clone refactoring source code attributes Unit test cases Metrics Relationships Linear regression Machine learning algorithms

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Exploring the Impact of Clone Refactoring on Test code Size in Object-Oriented Software 16

Exploring the Impact of Clone Refactoring on Test Code Size ...

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16th IEEE International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications (ICMLA)

作者： Badri, Mourad Badri, Linda Hachemane, Oussama Ouellet, Alexandre Univ Quebec Trois Rivieres Dept Math & Comp Sci Software Engn Res Lab Trois Rivieres PQ Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781538614174

This paper aims at exploring the impact of clone refactoring on the test code size, in terms of number of operations, in object-oriented software. We investigated three research questions: (1) the impact of clone refactoring on three important source code attributes (coupling, complexity and size) that are related to unit testability of classes, (2) the impact of clone refactoring on the test code size, and (3) the variations after clone refactoring in the source code attributes that have the most important impact on the test code size. We used linear regression and three popular machine learning techniques (i.e., k-Nearest Neighbors, Naive Bayes and Random Forest) to develop predictive and explanatory models. We used data collected from an open source Java software system (ANT) that has been refactored using clone-refactoring techniques. The analyses indicate that there is a strong and positive relationship between clone refactoring and the reduction of the test code size. Results show that: (1) the source code attributes of refactored classes have been significantly improved, (2) the test code size of refactored classes has been significantly reduced, and (3) the variations of the test code size are more influenced by the variations of the complexity and size of refactored classes compared to coupling.

关键词： Object-Oriented Software Clone Refactoring source code attributes Test code Size Metrics Linear Regression Machine Learning Algorithms

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Investigating the Effect of Aspect-Oriented Refactoring on the Unit Testing Effort of Classes: An Empirical Evaluation

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING AND KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING 2017年第5期27卷 749-789页

作者： Badri, Mourad Kout, Aymen Badri, Linda Univ Quebec Trois Rivieres Dept Math & Comp Sci Software Engn Res Lab Trois Rivieres PQ Canada

This paper aims at investigating empirically the effect of aspect-oriented (AO) refactoring on the unit testability of classes in object-oriented software. The unit testability of classes has been addressed from the perspective of the unit testing effort, and particularly from the perspective of the unit test cases (TCs) construction. We investigated, in fact, different research questions: (1) the impact of AO refactoring on source code attributes (size, complexity, coupling, cohesion and inheritance), attributes that are mostly related to the unit testability of classes, (2) the impact of AO refactoring on unit test code attributes (size, assertions, invocations and data creation), attributes that are indicators of the effort involved to write the code of unit TCs, and (3) the relationships between the variations observed after AO refactoring in both source code and unit test code attributes. We used in the study different techniques: correlation analysis, statistical tests and linear regression. We performed an empirical evaluation using data collected from three well-known open source (Java) software systems (JHOTDRAW, HSQLBD and PETSTORE) that have been refactored using AO programming (AspectJ). Results suggest that: (1) overall, the effort involved in the construction of unit TCs of refactored classes has been reduced, (2) the variations of source code attributes have more impact on methods invocation between unit TCs, and finally (3) the variations of unit test code attributes are more influenced by the variation of the complexity of refactored classes compared to the other class attributes.

关键词： Aspect-Oriented refactoring unit testing effort unit test case construction source code attributes unit test code attributes metrics

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