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Planning ahead: Interpreters predict source language in consecutive interpreting

BILINGUALISM-language AND COGNITION 2022年第4期25卷 588-602页

作者： Zhao, Nan Chen, Xiaocong Cai, Zhenguang G. Hong Kong Baptist Univ Dept Translat Interpreting & Intercultural Studie Kowloon Hong Kong Peoples R China Hong Kong Polytech Univ Dept Chinese & Bilingual Studies Kowloon Hong Kong Peoples R China Chinese Univ Hong Kong Dept Linguist & Modern Languages Shatin Hong Kong Peoples R China Chinese Univ Hong Kong Brain & Mind Inst Shatin Hong Kong Peoples R China

Interpreters are hypothesized to anticipate the source language (SL) in comprehension and the target language (TL) in production to facilitate timely delivery. In two experiments, we examined whether interpreters make more predictions in SL comprehension in consecutive interpreting than in regular language comprehension and whether such enhanced prediction (if any) is constrained by cognitive resources. Participants were quicker at reading a predictable versus unpredictable critical word and/or following words (e.g., Without the sunglasses/hat, the sun will hurt your eyes on the beach, where eyes is the critical word), and the prediction effect was larger when they read to later interpret (into Chinese) than to later recall. The enhanced prediction in reading to interpret disappeared when the cognitive load was high, suggesting that SL prediction in interpreting requires cognitive resources. Our findings suggest that, when cognitive resources allow, interpreters engage in enhanced linguistic prediction in SL comprehension to facilitate the delivery of interpreting.

关键词： interpreting prediction lexico-semantics comprehension source language Chinese

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ADAPTING MODULA-2 FOR DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS

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SOFTWARE ENGINEERING JOURNAL 1986年第5期1卷 184-189页

作者： MELLOR, PV DUBERY, JM WHITEHEAD, DG UNIV HULL DEPT ELECTR ENGNHULL HU6 7RXN HUMBERSIDEENGLAND UNIV HULL DEPT COMP SCIHULL HU6 7RXN HUMBERSIDEENGLAND

Modula-2 is a recently developed concurrent programming language designed primarily for implementation on a mono-processor. This paper reports on the changes found necessary, both to the source language and to the support environment, in order to allow the language to be used to program a tightly coupled, homogenous, distributed computing system. Specific areas covered are: the allocation of program code and data to processors, which is kept independent of the source code, allowing flexible re-allocation without re-compilation; the choice of an inter-processor communication mechanism, where the remote procedure call was considered to be the most flexible technique; and the selection of an inter-process communication mechanism, where, despite the distributed nature of the target, the monitor was found most suitable.

关键词： multiprocessing systems interprocess communication software engineering Compilers, interpreters and other processors concurrent programming language interprocessor communication support environment program compilers source language distributed processing remote procedure call distributed systems High level languages Systems analysis and programming Modula compilers Modula-2

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A theory of prediction in simultaneous interpreting

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BILINGUALISM-language AND COGNITION 2020年第4期23卷 706-715页

作者： Amos, Rhona M. Pickering, Martin J. Univ Geneva Geneva Switzerland Univ Edinburgh Edinburgh Midlothian Scotland

People make comprehension easier by predicting upcoming language. We might therefore expect prediction to occur during the extremely difficult task of simultaneous interpreting. This paper examines the theoretical and empirical foundations of this premise. It reviews accounts of prediction during comprehension in both monolinguals and bilinguals, and discusses these theories in light of experimental data (e.g., using the visual-world paradigm). It considers how these accounts may be applied to the unique and ecologically valid context of simultaneous interpreting, when two languages are used concurrently, one overtly engaging the comprehension system, and the other overtly engaging the production system. It then posits a role for the production system in prediction during comprehension and develops a theoretical framework for prediction-by-production in simultaneous interpreting that has implications for our understanding of prediction during language comprehension.

关键词： prediction simultaneous interpreting bilingualism comprehension production source language target language

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English-Chinese and Chinese-English Translations of Literary Texts: The Influence of Stylistic Features on the Translation Process and Eyetracking Technology

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JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLINGUISTIC RESEARCH 2023年第6期52卷 2919-2935页

作者： Zhang, Songzhu Xinxiang Med Univ Sanquan Coll Xinxiang Henan Peoples R China

This study is based on an experimental method of eye-tracking to investigate how translators perceive and understand translated literary texts and how different stylistic features influence their perception. This methodology allowed us to observe which parts of the text translators focused on the most, providing valuable data on their reading patterns and cognitive processes. Among English-Chinese translators, 95 out of 120 participants (79%) showed a tendency to prioritize faithfully conveying the source text's meaning over crafting a target text that aligns with Chinese stylistically. In the specific context of Chinese-English translation out of the 120 instances examined, the translators exhibited a reduced fixation duration on words in the source language, accounting for 34 instances (28%). This suggests a greater concern for preserving the source text's meaning rather than adapting it to the target culture. This research can assist translators and linguists in translating the stylistic features of English and Chinese literary texts more effectively. Future studies can explore other language stylistic features that may impact translation and compare translation styles across various literary genres and language pairs.

关键词： Eye-tracking Technology source language Stylistic Features Stylistic Techniques Target language Translation Strategies

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Study on Machine translation approaches for Indian languages and their challenges

Study on Machine translation approaches for Indian languages...

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International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, Communication, Computer and Optimization Techniques (ICEECCOT)

作者： Sindhu, D., V Sagar, B. M. RVColl Engn Dept Informat Sci Bengaluru Karnataka India

ISBN: (纸本)9781509046973

This survey mainly focuses on the developments of machine translation for the Indian languages. The survey throws a light on rule-based approach, empirical based approach and hybrid based approaches for machine translation. Every approach has its own advantages and disadvantages. Machine Translation (MT) is a process which translates from one language to another language. Due to rapid globalisation there is an increased data over the web machine translation plays a very important role to reduce the language barrier between different regions. In a country like India with 22 official languages shows a high attention for the translation. This paper focuses on the different MT systems for Indian languages and also their challenges.

关键词： source language Target language Machine Translation computational linguistics

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English to Nepali Sentence Translation Using Recurrent Neural Network with Attention

English to Nepali Sentence Translation Using Recurrent Neura...

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International Conference on Computing, Communication, and Intelligent Systems (ICCCIS)

作者： Nemkul, Kriti Shakya, Subarna Tribhuvan Univ Cent Dept Comp Sci & Informat Technol Kirtipur Nepal Tribhuvan Univ Inst Engn Pulchowk Lalitpur Nepal

ISBN: (纸本)9781728185293

Machine Translation, an automated system that intakes the text from the source language as an input, applies some computation on that input and gives the equivalent text in the target language without any human involvement. This research work focuses on developing the models for English to Nepali sentence translation incorporating Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) and Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) with attention. Bilingual Evaluation Understudy (BLEU) Score is calculated to evaluate the efficiency of the model. Different parameters has been used to test the model. The model has been tested with neural network layer 2 and 4 and with hidden units 128, 256 and 512. The GRU cells in encoder and decoder with attention with 2 layer of neural network and 512 hidden units appears to be better in translating the English sentences into Nepali sentences with highest BLEU score 12.3.

关键词： source language Target language Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) Bilingual Evaluation Understudy (BLEU)

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Combined Technology of Lexical Selection in Rule-Based Machine Translation 9th

Combined Technology of Lexical Selection in Rule-Based Machi...

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9th International Conference on Computational Collective Intelligence (ICCCI)

作者： Tukeyev, Ualsher Amirova, Dina Karibayeva, Aidana Sundetova, Aida Abduali, Balzhan Al Farabi Kazakh Natl Univ Informat Syst Dept Al Farabi Av 71 Alma Ata 050040 Kazakhstan

ISBN: (纸本)9783319670775;9783319670768

This paper describes process of solving the task of lexical selection for English-Kazakh (and vice versa) machine translation system based on combined technology. Proposed combined technology is including the constraint grammar model and maximum entropy model for more effective solution of the problem of lexical selection for English-Kazakh (and vice-versa) language pair. Results are presented by comparing two technologies separately and together in Apertium English-Kazakh (and vice versa) system.

关键词： Lexical selection Combined technology Machine translation source language Target language Sense Ambiguity

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Metaphorical conceptualization of beauty in Donna Tartt's The Secret History: translation perspectives

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NEOHELICON 2023年第2期50卷 687-703页

作者： Bystrov, Yakiv Tatsakovych, Uliana Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian Natl Univ Dept Foreign Languages Ivano Frankivsk Ukraine

In the article, the principles of the conceptual metaphor theory are applied to translation studies. It provides an overview of Lakoff's classification of conceptual (orientational, ontological, structural) metaphors and Kovecses's procedures for image metaphor creation (extension, elaboration, questioning, combining) and discusses their application to analyzing the translation of conceptual metaphors dealing with the concept of beauty from English into Ukrainian. Analysis of the metaphorical expressions selected from Donna Tartt's novel The Secret History and its Ukrainian translation led to identify five translation techniques used for the purpose of rendering the metaphoric content between the languages. The study adopts a cognitive linguistic view of translation as a transfer between two conceptual systems through the translator's cognition with the means of the target language. The paper presents a cognitive linguistic and translation analysis of unique conceptualizations of beauty metaphors compared to the commonly shared view of beauty as something that elicits pleasure.

关键词： English-Ukrainian translation Conceptual metaphor Translation technique source language Target language

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A Case Study On Linguistic Divergences in Kannada-Telugu Machine Translation Perceptive 1

A Case Study On Linguistic Divergences in Kannada-Telugu Mac...

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1st IEEE International Conference on Computational Systems and Information Technology for Sustainable Solutions (CSITSS)

作者： Sindhu, D., V Sagar, B. M. RV Coll Engn Dept ISE Bangalore Karnataka India

ISBN: (纸本)9781509010226

Machine translation came in to light over past decades but couldn't reach the results expected due to grammatical and structural differences between the languages and lack of lexical dictionaries. Even though Kannada-Telugu are closely related languages and believed that they are derived from a common script called as Brahmi script still they exhibit many differences at every grammatical level. These differences make a machine translation for this language pair challenging. The objective of this paper is to understand the different types of divergence problems between the Kannada-Telugu Machine Translation. In this paper the divergences of Kannada Telugu language pair are considered. This divergence strategy helps in improving the machine translation performance.

关键词： Divergence Lexico-semantic Divergence syntactic Divergence Kannada-Telugu Machine Translation source language Target language

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A comparison of the two Versions of The Story of an hour in terms of language

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陕西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版） 2000年第S1期29卷 277-279页

作者：刘晏婴陕西师范大学外国语学院陕西西安710062

The comparison of the two versions of The story of An Hour done by Yanxuejun and Ge Lin respectively presents how important accarate idiomatic and vivid language is in course of translation.

关键词： source language Target langnage Idiomatic

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