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code coverage differences of Java bytecode and source code instrumentation tools

SOFTWARE QUALITY JOURNAL 2019年第1期27卷 79-123页

作者： Horvath, Ferenc Gergely, Tamas Beszedes, Arpad Tengeri, David Balogh, Gergo Gyimothy, Tibor Univ Szeged Dept Software Engn Szeged Hungary Univ Szeged MTA SZTE Res Grp Artificial Intelligence Szeged Hungary

Many software testing fields, like white-box testing, test case generation, test prioritization, and fault localization, depend on code coverage measurement. If used as an overall completeness measure, the minor inaccuracies of coverage data reported by a tool do not matter that much;however, in certain situations, they can lead to serious confusion. For example, a code element that is falsely reported as covered can introduce false confidence in the test. This work investigates code coverage measurement issues for the Java programming language. For Java, the prevalent approach to code coverage measurement is using bytecode instrumentation due to its various benefits over source code instrumentation. As we have experienced, bytecode instrumentation-based code coverage tools produce different results than source code instrumentation-based ones in terms of the reported items as covered. We report on an empirical study to compare the code coverage results provided by tools using the different instrumentation types for Java coverage measurement on the method level. In particular, we want to find out how much a bytecode instrumentation approach is inaccurate compared to a source code instrumentation method. The differences are systematically investigated both in quantitative (how much the outputs differ) and in qualitative terms (what the causes for the differences are). In addition, the impact on test prioritization and test suite reduction-a possible application of coverage measurement-is investigated in more detail as well.

关键词： code coverage White-box testing Java bytecode instrumentation source code instrumentation Coverage tools Empirical study

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Negative Effects of Bytecode instrumentation on Java source code Coverage 23

Negative Effects of Bytecode Instrumentation on Java Source ...

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23rd IEEE International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution, and Reengineering (SANER)

作者： Tengeri, David Horvath, Ferenc Beszedes, Arpad Gergely, Tamas Gyimothy, Tibor Univ Szeged Dept Software Engn Szeged Hungary

ISBN: (纸本)9781509018550

code coverage measurement is an important element in white-box testing, both in industrial practice and academic research. Other related areas are highly dependent on code coverage as well, including test case generation, test prioritization, fault localization, and others. Inaccuracies of a code coverage tool sometimes do not matter that much but in certain situations they can lead to serious confusion. For Java, the prevalent approach to code coverage measurement is to use bytecode instrumentation due to its various benefits over source code instrumentation. However, if the results are to be mapped back to source code this may lead to inaccuracies due to the differences between the two program representations. In this paper, we systematically investigate the amount of differences in the results of these two Java code coverage approaches, enumerate the possible reasons and discuss the implications on various applications. For this purpose, we relied on two widely used tools to represent the two approaches and a set of benchmark programs from the open source domain.

关键词： code coverage white-box testing Java bytecode instrumentation source code instrumentation coverage tools

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Software performance simulation strategies for high-level embedded system design

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PERFORMANCE EVALUATION 2010年第8期67卷 717-739页

作者： Wang, Zhonglei Herkersdorf, Andreas Tech Univ Munich Lehrstuhl Integrierte Syst D-80290 Munich Germany

As most embedded applications are realized in software, software performance estimation is a very important issue in embedded system design. In the last decades, instruction set simulators (ISSs) have become an essential part of an embedded software design process. However, ISSs are either slow or very difficult to develop. With the advent of multiprocessor systems and their ever-increasing complexity, the software simulation strategy based on ISSs is no longer efficient enough for exploring the large design space of multiprocessor systems in early design phases. Motivated by the limitations of ISSs, a lot of recent research activities focused on software simulation strategies based on native execution. In this article, we first introduce some existing software performance simulation strategies as well as our own approach for source level simulation, called SciSim, and provide a discussion about their benefits and limitations. The main contribution of this article is to introduce a new software performance simulation approach, called iSciSim (intermediate source code instrumentation based Simulation), which achieves high estimation accuracy, high simulation speed and low implementation complexity. All these advantages make iSciSim well-suited for system level design. To show the benefits of the proposed approach, we present a quantitative comparison between iSciSim and the other discussed techniques, using a set of benchmarks. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Software performance simulation System level embedded systems design Intermediate source code source code instrumentation SystemC

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Lightweight runtime checking of C programs with RTC

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COMPUTER LANGUAGES SYSTEMS & STRUCTURES 2016年 45卷 191-203页

作者： Milewicz, Reed Vanka, Rajesh Tuck, James Quinlan, Daniel Pirkelbauer, Peter Univ Alabama Birmingham Birmingham AL 35233 USA Matlab San Jose CA USA N Carolina State Univ Raleigh NC 27695 USA Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab Livermore CA USA

The C Programming Language is known for being an efficient language that can be compiled on almost any architecture and operating system. However the absence of dynamic safety checks and a relatively weak type system allows programmer oversights that are hard to spot. In this paper, we present RTC, a runtime monitoring tool that instruments unsafe code and monitors the program execution. RTC is built on top of the ROSE compiler infrastructure. RTC finds memory bugs and arithmetic overflows and underfiows, and run-time type violations. Most of the instrumentations are directly added to the source file and only require a minimal runtime system. As a result, the instrumented code remains portable. In tests against known error detection benchmarks, RTC found 98% of all memory related bugs and had zero false positives. In performance tests conducted with well known algorithms, such as binary search and MD5, we determined that our tool has an average run-time overhead rate of 9.7 x and memory overhead rate of 3.5 x. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Runtime monitoring source code instrumentation Static analysis C C plus

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Oron: Towards a Dynamic Analysis instrumentation Platform for AssemblyScript 21

Oron: Towards a Dynamic Analysis Instrumentation Platform fo...

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5th International Conference on the Art, Science, and Engineering of Programming (Programming)

作者： Munsters, Aaron Pupo, Angel Luis Scull Bauwens, Jim Boix, Elisa Gonzalez Vrije Univ Brussel Software Languages Lab Brussels Belgium

ISBN: (纸本)9781450389860

The dynamic nature of JavaScript may lead to challenges and issues regarding efficiency and security. Analysis tools can help developers tackle some of these issues. In the context of web applications, dynamic analyses are best suited for handling those dynamic features but may affect the programs execution performance. In a first experiment, we attempted to improve the performance of the Aran dynamic analysis platform for JavaScript by utilizing WebAssembly. The extension caused extra performance hits due to context switches between JavaScript and WebAssembly. Because these context switches are inevitable, we decided to refit our work for the analysis of AssemblyScript, a variant of TypeScript which compiles to WebAssembly (and therefore excluding context switches). In this work, we explore this approach in the form of a new source code instrumentation platform named Oron, which allows for the instrumentation of AssemblyScript code. The presented platform is evaluated and shows promising improvements which provide a solid basis for efficient dynamic analysis of AssemblyScript applications.

关键词： web applications dynamic analysis source code instrumentation WebAssembly AssemblyScript

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Efficient and practical control flow monitoring for program security

Efficient and practical control flow monitoring for program ...

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11th Asian Computing Science Conference

作者： Xia, Nai Mao, Bing Zeng, Qingkai Xie, Li Nanjing Univ State Key Lab Novel Software Technol Nanjing 210093 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9783540775041

Control-hijacking attacks are known as critical threats to software security. Control flow monitoring is a kind of important method to mitigate this problem. In this paper, we present a new method for program control flow monitoring. Based on the static analysis of a program, we apply very simple instrumentation of a progam's source code to encode its runtime function level control flow traces and check the correctness of the traces in the OS kernel. Experiments show that this method has a tiny performance impact and is still highly effective in detecting control-hijacking attacks. We also propose to automatically handle non-standard control flow by learning programs' dynamic profiling data. Our method is hopeful to be enforceable in different environments because it does not depend closely on specific platform features and the underlying techniques can be easily found in many platforms.

关键词： control flow dynamic profiling program vulnerability source code instrumentation static analysis

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PInT: Pattern instrumentation Tool for Analyzing and Classifying HPC Applications 5

PInT: Pattern Instrumentation Tool for Analyzing and Classif...

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IEEE/ACM 5th Workshop on the LLVM Compiler Infrastructure in HPC (LLVM-HPC)

作者： Schlebusch, Fabian Mueller, Yannik Wienke, Sandra Miller, Julian Mueller, Matthias S. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen IT Ctr Chair High Performance Comp Aachen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781728101880

The relationship of application performance to its required development effort plays an important role in today's budget-oriented HPC environment. This effort-performance relationship is especially affected by the structure and characterization of an HPC application. We aim at a classification of HPC applications using (design) patterns for parallel programming. For an efficient analysis of parallel patterns and applicable pattern definitions, we introduce our tool PInT that is based on source code instrumentation and Clang LibTooling. Furthermore, we propose metrics to examine occurrences and compositions of patterns that can be automatically evaluated by PInT. In two case studies, we show the applicability and functionality of PInT.

关键词： Parallel Pattern Design Pattern Pattern Analysis Application Classification LLVM Clang LibTooling Abstract Syntax Tree Static code Analysis source code instrumentation Development Effort High-Performance Computing

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Analysis and Understanding of the rCore Operating System with instrumentation 10

Analysis and Understanding of the rCore Operating System wit...

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10th International Conference on Systems and Informatics, ICSAI 2024

作者： Shen, Fengshan Jiu, Mingyuan School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China

ISBN: (纸本)9798331510138

In order to understand the execution route of the rCore operating system source program for improving and customizing it, we have developed an instrumentation program. Inserting the instrumentation program into the functions of the rCore operating system source program, we can collect kernel running path information, and save it in the memory area, and finally output the path information in the memory area at the appropriate location. Analyzing path information, we can clarify the execution path of kernel programs, and get assistance for kernel modification. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： execution path instrumentation point probe function rCore operating system source code instrumentation stub program

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