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Sum-rate maximization for a distributed space-time block code-aided cooperative NOMA with energy harvesting

WIRELESS NETWORKS 2025年第1期31卷 281-298页

作者： Alamu, Olumide Olwal, Thomas O. Djouani, Karim Tshwane Univ Technol Dept Elect Engn FSATI Pretoria South Africa Univ Paris Est Creteil LISSI LAB Ave Gen Gaulle F-9400 Creteil France

In this paper, we exploit the spatial and transmission diversities in cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access (C-NOMA) networks to improve the system sum-rate. To achieve this, we propose a user-pairing scheme where near-field user pairs serve as relays for user pairs in the far-field region. Based on this pairing scheme, we incorporate a space-time block code transmission technique at the near-field user pairs to maximize the transmission diversity in the cooperative phase. Moreover, we consider a non-linear energy harvesting model at the near-field user pair to alleviate the problem of energy consumption during the cooperative transmission phase. Further to this, we formulate a sum-rate maximization problem that is addressed from the viewpoint of joint power allocation factor and power splitting ratio optimization. We develop a low-computational iterative algorithm based on the concepts of the Stackelberg game and the Nash bargaining solution. We benchmark our findings with different scenarios, such as energy harvesting C-NOMA with a fixed power allocation factor and power splitting ratio, energy harvesting C-NOMA without STBC, non-cooperative NOMA, and orthogonal multiple access. The results obtained via simulations outperform the benchmark schemes.

关键词： Sum-rate Cooperative NOMA Energy harvesting space-time block code

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Automatic space-time block code Recognition Using Convolutional Neural Network With Multi-Delay Features Fusion

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IEEE ACCESS 2021年 9卷 79994-80005页

作者： Zhang, Yuyuan Yan, Wenjun Zhang, Limin Ma, Ling Naval Aviat Univ Dept Informat Fus Yantai 264001 Peoples R China Naval Aviat Univ Coll Coastal Def Yantai 264001 Peoples R China

Automatic signal recognition (ASR) is becoming increasingly important in spectrum identification and cognitive radio, but most existing space-time block code (STBC) recognition algorithms are traditional ones and do not account for the complementarities between different features. To overcome these deficiencies, a multi-delay features fusion scheme for ASR of STBC using a convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed in this study. The proposed scheme tries to fuse different time-delay features of received STBC signals to obtain more discriminating features. The dilated convolution of different dilation rates is applied to realize automated multi-delay feature extraction. Then, two fusion methods, i.e., max-correlation (MC) fusion and multi-delay average (MDA) fusion, are proposed to combine the features of different time delays, and a residual block is applied to achieve better representation of signals. Finally, the simulation results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method. It is notable that the recognition accuracy can reach 97.4% with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of -5 dB. In addition, the proposed multi-delay features fusion CNN (MDFCNN) scheme does not need a priori information, i.e., modulation type, channel coefficients, and noise power, which is well suited to non-collaborative communication.

关键词： Convolution Delay effects Simulation Radio transmitters Feature extraction Encoding Robustness Automatic signal recognition multiple-input multiple-output space-time block code convolutional neural network features fusion

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Achievable rate optimization for space-time block code-aided cooperative NOMA with energy harvesting

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ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL-JESTECH 2023年 40卷

作者： Alamu, Olumide Olwal, Thomas O. Djouani, Karim Tshwane Univ Technol Dept Elect Engn FSATI Pretoria South Africa

Cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access (C-NOMA) is one of the promising techniques that support the massive connectivity of users and improve the fair allocation of network resources. However, the performance of C-NOMA networks is restricted due to the complexity introduced by multiple user-assisted relays coupled with their energy consumption bottleneck. In this paper, we develop a low-complexity network framework with the main goal of achieving a fair and optimal achievable rate. For the network model, we adopt a space-time block code transmission scheme to increase the spatial diversity of the network with a minimum number of relays. Further to this, we consider a radio frequency-based energy harvesting technique known as simultaneous wireless information and power transfer in order to compensate for energy expended by the relays over the cooperating transmission links. Based on the proposed network model, we solve the achievable rate maximization problem from the perspective of joint optimal power allocation factor and power splitting ratio. Due to the non-convex nature of the problem and to also ensure fair resource allocation, we propose a low-complexity solution based on the concept of Nash bargaining solution. Further to this, we evaluate the achievable rate and energy efficiency of the system. Simulation results show that our proposed solution outperforms the baseline approaches. (C) 2023 Karabuk University. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://***/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

关键词： Achievable rate space-time block code Cooperative NOMA Energy harvesting Nash bargaining solution

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Sign Reversal Channel Switching Method in space-time block code for OFDM Systems

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IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRONICS COMMUNICATIONS AND COMPUTER SCIENCES 2020年第2期E103A卷 567-570页

作者： Jung, Hyeok Koo Hanbat Natl Univ 125 Dongseo Daero Daejeon 34158 South Korea

This paper proposes a simple source data exchange method for channel switching in space-time block code. If one transmits source data on another antenna, then the receiver should change combining method in order to adapt it. No one except knowing the channel switching sequence can decode the received data correctly. In case of exchanging data for channel switching, four orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbols are exchanged according to a format of space-time block code. In this paper, I proposes two simple sign exchanges without exchanging four orthogonal-frequency division multiplexing symbols which occurs a different combining and channel switching method in the receiver.

关键词： channel switching maximal ratio combining orthogonal frequency division multiplexing sign reversal space-time block code

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Comprehensive study on a 2 x 2 full-rate and linear decoding complexity space-time block code

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IET COMMUNICATIONS 2015年第1期9卷 122-132页

作者： Hosseini, Seyyed Saleh Talebi, Siamak Abouei, Jamshid Islamic Azad Univ Bardsir Branch Dept Comp Engn Kerman Iran Shahid Bahonar Univ Kerman Dept Elect Engn Kerman Iran Sharif Univ Technol Adv Commun Res Inst Tehran Iran Yazd Univ ECE Dept Yazd Iran

This paper presents a comprehensive study on the Full-Rate and Linear-Receiver (FRLR) STBC proposed as a newly coding scheme with the low decoding complexity for a 2x2 MIMO system. It is shown that the FRLR code suffers from the lack of the non-vanishing determinant (NVD) property that is a key parameter in designing a full-rate STBC with a good performance in higher data rates, across QAM constellation. To overcome this drawback, we show that the existence of the NVD feature for the FRLR code depends on the type of the modulation. In particular, it is analytically proved that the FRLR code fulfills the NVD property across the PAM constellation but not for the QAM scheme. Simulation results show that, at a BER equal to 10(-4), utilising the PAM modulation for the FRLR-STBC, provides about 2dB gain over a use of the QAM when the bandwidth efficiency is 6b/s/Hz. In addition, for the PAM constellation, the FRLR code significantly outperforms some existing full-rate STBCs. Finally, we utilise the moment generating function approach to derive an exact closed-form expression for the average error probability of the FRLR code with the BPSK modulation.

关键词： block codes MIMO communication quadrature amplitude modulation pulse amplitude modulation error statistics phase shift keying linear decoding space-time block code STBC full-rate and linear-receiver FRLR multiple-input-multiple-output system MIMO system nonvanishing determinant NVD quadrature amplitude modulation QAM pulse amplitude modulation PAM modulation scheme pseudo global-local search bit error rate BER closed-form expression binary phase shift keying modulation signal-to-noise ratio

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An Improved space-time block code for Two Transmit Antennas and Three time Slots 1

An Improved Space-Time Block Code for Two Transmit Antennas ...

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International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Research (ICTRC 2015)

作者： Sindhu, P. Hameed, Abdul Govt Engn Coll Dept Elect Kozhikode India

ISBN: (纸本)9781479989669

space-time block codes offer transmit diversity in Multiple Input Multiple Output wireless systems. Orthogonal and quasi-orthogonal space-time block codes have been developed for improving the performance of wireless communication systems. Three time slot-two transmit antenna systems are of interest in many practical situations in Long Term Evolution-Advanced 4G standard. Quasi-orthogonal and hybrid designs are available in literature. This paper proposes a new space-time block code for three time slot-two transmit antenna design problem for implementation in Single Carrier FDE which is the uplink mode in 4G LTE-Advanced. The encoding along with the frequency domain decoding is presented with extensive simulation results to back the superiority of the new space-time block code developed. Our improved code offers lower bit error rate at a code rate of one. The zero-forcing equalization in frequency domain makes this new code suitable for SC-FDE systems.

关键词： Single Carrier Frequency Domain Equalization Long Term Evolution Diversity space-time block code Orthogonal STBC Quasi-orthogonal STBC

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Fast Sub-Optimal Detection of Quasi-Orthogonal space-time block code 7

Fast Sub-Optimal Detection of Quasi-Orthogonal Space-Time Bl...

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7th International Symposium on Telecommunications (IST)

作者： Ahmadi, Adel Talebi, Siamak Shahid Bahonar Univ Kerman Dept Elect Engn Kerman Iran

ISBN: (纸本)9781479953592

In this paper, a fast sub-optimal decoding method is proposed for quasi-orthogonal space-time block codes (QOSTBCs) with four transmit antennas. The proposed method focuses on the phases of received vector to select an origin and create a limited region among proper candidates. The limited region and proper candidates are selected from some sorted look-up tables by utilizing the phases of received vector. Euclidean distance of the most probable candidate is firstly computed and then the distances of other candidates are successively assessed to attain minimum distance. Simulation results confirm that proposed method has adequate performance, while it significantly requires fewer floating point operations compared to the other methods.

关键词： fast sub-optimal decoding low complexity detection quasi-orthogonal space-time block code

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High-Diversity Bandwidth-Efficient space-time block coded Differential Spatial Modulation

IEEE OPEN JOURNAL OF THE COMMUNICATIONS SOCIETY

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IEEE OPEN JOURNAL OF THE COMMUNICATIONS SOCIETY 2024年 5卷 3331-3339页

作者： Wei, Ruey-Yi Lin, Kai-Han Jhang, Jyun-Ruei Natl Cent Univ Dept Commun Engn Taoyuan 32001 Taiwan Taiwan Semicond Mfg Co Ltd Test Program Dev Dept Hsinchu 300 Taiwan Silicon Integrated Syst Corp Chip Dev Dept Hsinchu 300 Taiwan

By choosing indexes of antennas, differential spatial modulation (DSM) transmits additional data bits without increasing power consumption, radio-frequency circuits, and pilot overhead. space-time block coded DSM (STBC-DSM) is a DSM scheme combined with STBC to enhance diversity. In our earlier work, we propose a bandwidth-efficient STBC-DSM (BE-STBC-DSM) scheme, which interleaves the transmitted symbols. However, the transmit diversity order of existing STBC-DSM schemes is only two. In this paper, we propose an STBC-DSM scheme whose transmit diversity order is four, called high-diversity BE-STBC-DSM (HD-BE-STBC-DSM), by replacing the 2 x 2 STBC with a full-diversity 4 x 4 STBC in BE-STBC-DSM. Because the interleaving patterns in the original BE-STBC-DSM cannot be utilized in HD-BE-STBC-DSM, we need to find new interleaving patterns for HD-BE-STBC-DSM. We propose a novel interleaving type, intra-block interleaving, and propose a new design method that differs from the BE-STBC-DSM method. In addition, we propose inter-block interleaving and search patterns of inter-block interleaving. Compared with other DSM schemes with the same diversity order, HD-BE-STBC-DSM is much more spectrally efficient. In addition, HD-BE-STBC-DSM offers the best error performance at high signal-to-noise ratios among all STBC-DSM schemes.

关键词： Modulation Transmitting antennas Symbols Encoding Receiving antennas block codes Signal to noise ratio Differential spatial modulation diversity space-time block code

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Blind identification of space–time block codes based on deep learning

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2022年第1期35卷 426-435页

作者： Limin ZHANG Yuyuan ZHANG Wenjun YAN Ling MA Institute of Information Fusion Naval Aeronautical UniversityYantai 264001China Coastal Defense College Naval Aeronautical UniversityYantai 264001China

Deep Learning(DL)has important applications to both commercial and military communications,such as software-defined radio,cognitive radio and spectrum *** DL has been intensively studied for modulation recognition,there are very few investigations for blind identification of space-time block codes(STBCs).This paper proposes a Residual Network(RN)-based model for identifying 6 kinds of STBC signals with a single receiving antenna,including the same length of coding *** our work,we use the frequency-domain correlation function of a single time delay as the training data of DL ***,we explore the suitable RN structure for blind identification of ***,we compare the RN model with convolutional neural network and traditional method,and test the performance of RN *** results show that our RN-based model provides good performance with low sensitivity to decay of the dataset,such as sample length and data *** the same time,better identification accuracy can be achieved under the condition of different modulation types and channel fading parameters at low Signal to Noise Ratio(SNR).

关键词： Blind identification Deep learning Multiple-input multiple-output Residul network space-time block code

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Performance Analysis of Alamouti space-time block code Over time-Selective Fading Channels

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WIRELESS PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS 2013年第3期73卷 401-413页

作者： Van-Bien Pham Sheng, Wei-Xing Le Quy Don Tech Univ Fac Radio Elect Hanoi Vietnam Nanjing Univ Sci & Technol Dept Commun Engn Nanjing Jiangsu Peoples R China

Alamouti orthogonal space-time block code (Alamouti in IEEE J Sel Areas Commun 16(8):1451-1458, 1998) has been applied widely in wireless communication, e.g., IEEE 802.16e-2005 standard. In this paper, theoretical analysis of symbol error rate performance for Alamouti orthogonal space-time block code (AOSTBC) over time-selective fading channels with a zero-forcing linear receiver is derived. Firstly, a closed-form expression (i.e., not in integral form) is derived for the average symbol pair-wise error probability (SPEP) in time-selective frequency-nonselective independent identically distributed Rayleigh fading channels. Then, the SPEP is used to derive a tight upper bound (UB) for the symbol-error rate (SER) of AOSTBC via establishing algorithmic Bonferroni-type upper bound. Extensive simulation results show that the curves for the UB coincide with the simulated SER curves for various antenna configurations even at very low signal-to-noise ratio regimes. The UB thus can be used to accurately predict the performance of AOSTBC code over time-selective fading channels when a zero-forcing receiver is used.

关键词： space-time block code ZF decoding Performance analysis time-selective fading

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