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Single-channel blind source separation empowered joint transceiver optimization for wireless communications using deep learning

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Digital Communications and Networks 2025年

作者： Pengcheng Guo Fuqiang Yao Miao Yu Cheng Li Yanqun Tang Zhaolong Ning The Sixty-third Research Institute National University of Defense Technology Nanjing 210007 China State Key Laboratory of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System Luoyang 471003 China School of Electronics and Communication Engineering Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China School of Communications and Information Engineering Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications Chongqing 400065 China

To tackle the physical layer security challenges in wireless communication, this paper introduces a multi-user architecture that leverages single-channel blind source separation, centered around a Multi-source Signal Mixture Separator (MSMS). This architecture consists of a multi-user encoder, a channel layer, and a separation decoder, allowing it to handle multiple functions simultaneously, including encoding, modulation, signal separation, demodulation, and decoding. The MSMS receiver effectively enables the separation of numerous user signals, making it exceedingly difficult for unauthorized eavesdroppers to extract valuable information from the mixed signals, thus significantly enhancing communication security. The MSMS can address the challenges of few-shot sample training and achieve joint optimization during transmission by employing a deep learning-based network design. The design of a single receiver reduces system costs and improves spectrum efficiency. The MSMS outperforms traditional space-time block coding (STBC) strategies regarding separation performance, particularly in block Error Rate (BLER) metrics. Modulation constellation diagrams further analyze the effectiveness of multi-source signal mixture separation. Moreover, this study extends the MSMS framework from a two-user scenario to a three-user scenario, further demonstrating the flexibility and scalability of the proposed architecture.

关键词： Physical layer security Multi-user wireless communication Single-channel source separation Deep learning space-time block coding

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Outage analysis of interference-limited systems using STBC with co-channel MIMO interferers

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中国高等学校学术文摘·计算机科学 2009年第2期3卷 256-262页

作者： Yongzhao LI Leonard J.CIMINI,JR. Nageen HIMAYAT School of Telecommunications Engineering Xidian UniversityXi'an 710071China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of DelawareDE 19716USA Wireless Communication Lab./Communication Technology Lab.Corporate Technology Group Intel CorporationSanta ClaraCA 95050USA

The performance of space-time block coding (STBC) with co-channel MIMO interference is *** an interference-limited environment, the closed-form ex-pressions for the probability density functions of the signal-to-interference ratio are derived and applied to analyze the outage probability with three typical types of co-channel MIMO interferers: STBC, open-loop spatial multiplexing and closed-loop spatial multiplexing. Both theoretical anal-yses and simulation results show that the performance of STBC is independent of the MIMO modes used in the in-terfering links.

关键词： outage probability space-time block coding co-channel interferers

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Low-Complexity Detectors for space-time block Coded Differential Spatial Modulation

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY 2024年第8期73卷 12231-12236页

作者： Yang, Yukun Hai, Han Jiang, Xue-Qin Wu, Yun Mumtaz, Shahid Donghua Univ Coll Informat Sci & Technol Shanghai 201620 Peoples R China Silesian Tech Univ Dept Appl Informat PL-44100 Gliwice Poland Nottingham Trent Univ Dept Comp Sci Nottingham NG1 4FQ England

space-time block coded differential spatial modulation (STBC-DSM) is a recently proposed DSM-based multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) transmission technique with high diversity gain. The existing low-complexity detectors for STBC-DSM can be further designed to reduce complexity. In this paper, we propose an ordered antenna index vector detector (OVD) for STBC-DSM, and an OV-low repetition detector (OV-LRD) for further simplification. The OVD detects the symbols in a designed order, and the OV-LRD fully uses the STBC structure to simplify the OVD. Simulation results show that the OVD achieves near-optimal performance, and the OV-LRD significantly reduces complexity with negligible performance loss.

关键词： Vectors Detectors Artificial intelligence Symbols Transmitting antennas Complexity theory Slot antennas space-time block coding differential spatial modulation ordered block minimum mean squared error tree search

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Statistical Performance Analysis for MIMO Beamforming and STBC when Co-Channel Interferers Use Arbitrary MIMO Modes

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 2012年第10期60卷 2926-2937页

作者： Zhang, Lu Li, Yongzhao Cimini, Leonard J. Alcatel Lucent Shanghai Bell Co Ltd Shanghai Peoples R China Xidian Univ State Key Lab Integrated Serv Networks Xian Peoples R China Univ Delaware Newark DE 19716 USA

In a cellular-like system, the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) mode used by a base station (BS) can be adaptively varied among several candidate MIMO modes(1), including space-time block coding (STBC), open-loop spatial multiplexing (OLSM), closed-loop spatial multiplexing (CLSM), MIMO beamforming (MBF), and maximal ratio transmission (MRT). In practice, during any one given period of time, when the desired BS performs downlink transmission with a specific MIMO mode, each co-channel interfering BS will use a MIMO mode the same as or different from that used in the desired link and any two co-channel interfering BSs may use different MIMO modes, so that the interference scenario becomes quite complicated. In this paper, considering realistic propagation conditions including both path-loss and Rayleigh fading and considering the existence of unequal-power interferers, the statistical distributions of the post-processing signal-to-interference ratios (SIRs) for either MBF or STBC downlink transmissions are analyzed when co-channel interfering BSs employ arbitrary MIMO modes. In particular, closed-form expressions for the probability density function (PDF) of the interference terms in the post-processing SIRs are derived. Further, the statistical distributions of the post-processing SIRs are analyzed. Simulation results verify the validity of the theoretical analyses.

关键词： IMO MIMO beamforming space-time block coding co-channel interferers with mixed MIMO modes post-processing SIR statistical distribution. IMO MIMO beamforming space-time block coding co-channel interferers with mixed MIMO modes post-processing SIR statistical distribution. M

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Multicarrier block-spread CDMA for broadband cellular downlink

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EURASIP JOURNAL ON APPLIED SIGNAL PROCESSING 2004年第10期2004卷 1568-1584页

作者： Petré, F Leus, G Moonen, M De Man, H IMEC B-3001 Louvain Belgium Delft Univ Technol NL-2628 CD Delft Netherlands Katholieke Univ Leuven ESAT Dept Elect Engn B-3001 Heverlee Belgium

Effective suppression of multiuser interference (MUI) and mitigation of frequency-selective fading effects within the complexity constraints of the mobile constitute major challenges for broadband cellular downlink transceiver design. Existing wideband direct-sequence (DS) code division multiple access (CDMA) transceivers suppress MUI statistically by restoring the orthogonality among users at the receiver. However, they call for receive diversity and multichannel equalization to improve the fading effects caused by deep channel fades. Relying on redundant block spreading and linear precoding, we design a so-called multicarrier block-spread- (MCBS-)CDMA transceiver that preserves the orthogonality among users and guarantees symbol detection, regardless of the underlying frequency-selective fading channels. These properties allow for deterministic MUI elimination through low-complexity block despreading and enable full diversity gains, irrespective of the system load. Different options to perform equalization and decoding, either jointly or separately, strike the trade-off between performance and complexity. To improve the performance over multi-input multi-output (MIMO) multipath fading channels, our MCBS-CDMA transceiver combines well with space-time block-coding (STBC) techniques, to exploit both multiantenna and multipath diversity gains, irrespective of the system load. Simulation results demonstrate the superior performance of MCBS-CDMA compared to competing alternatives.

关键词： multicarrier CDMA broadband cellular system frequency-selective fading channels equalization MlMO space-time block coding

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Low complexity channel estimation for space-time coded wideband OFDM systems

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS 2003年第5期2卷 876-882页

作者： Gong, Y Ben Letaief, K Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol Dept Elect & Elect Engn Hong Kong Hong Kong Peoples R China

In this letter, channel estimation for space-time coded orthogonal-frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems is considered. By assuming that the channel frequency response is quasi-static over two consecutive OFDM symbols, we develop channel parameter estimators based on the use of space-time block coded (STBC) training blocks. Using an STBC training pattern, a low-rank Wiener filter-based channel estimator with a significant complexity reduction is proposed. A simplified approach for the optimal low-rank estimator is also proposed to further reduce the estimator complexity while retaining an accurate frequency domain channel estimation. Numerical results are provided to demonstrate the performance of the proposed low complexity channel estimators for space-time trellis coded OFDM systems.

关键词： channel estimation orthogonal-frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) space-time block coding space-time (ST) coding wireless communications

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space time coding for Backscatter RFID

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS 2013年第5期12卷 2272-2280页

作者： Boyer, Colby Roy, Sumit Univ Washington Dept Elect Engn Seattle WA 98195 USA

In this work, the use of space-time Codes in passive Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) systems is explored;this is feasible whenever a tag possesses multiple antennas. Information is encoded across the multiple tag antennas and received by an RFID reader, also typically equipped with multiple antennas. The nature of passive RFID induces a unique fading channel known as the dyadic backscatter channel, which differs statistically compared to the canonical Rayleigh fading channel. We introduce a modified dyadic channel for RFID backscatter that adequately captures the space-time coding paradigm. We then propose known orthogonal space-time codes and derive an upper bound on the the pairwise error probability (PEP), leading to estimates of the (asymptotic) diversity order. Interestingly, the diversity order is shown to depend only on the number of tag antennas but not the number of receive antennas;the resultant performance trade-offs is discussed. Lastly, simulation of the symbol error rates for different channel configurations are conducted to validate the analysis.

关键词： Dyadic backscatter channel modulated backscatter MIMO space-time block coding RFID

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A Simple Recruitment Scheme of Multiple Nodes for Cooperative MAC

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 2010年第9期58卷 2667-2682页

作者： Verde, Francesco Korakis, Thanasis Erkip, Elza Scaglione, Anna Univ Naples Federico II Dept Biomed Elect & Telecommun Engn I-80125 Naples Italy NYU Polytech Inst Dept Elect & Comp Engn Brooklyn NY 11201 USA Univ Calif Davis Dept Elect & Comp Engn Davis CA 95616 USA

Physical (PHY) layer cooperation in a wireless network allows neighboring nodes to share their communication resources in order to create a virtual antenna array by means of distributed transmission and signal processing. A novel medium access control (MAC) protocol, called CoopMAC, has been recently proposed to integrate cooperation at the PHY layer with the MAC sublayer, thereby achieving substantial throughput and delay performance improvements. CoopMAC capitalizes on the broadcast nature of the wireless channel and rate adaptation, recruiting a single relay on the fly to support the communication of a particular source-destination pair. In this paper, we propose a cross-layer rate-adaptive design that opportunistically combines the recruitment of multiple cooperative nodes and carrier sensing multiple access with collision avoidance. We focus on a single-source single-destination setup, and develop a randomized cooperative framework, which is referred to as randomized CoopMAC (RCoopMAC). Thanks to the randomization of the coding rule, the RCoopMAC approach enables the blind participation of multiple relays at unison relying only on the mean channel state information (CSI) of the potential cooperating nodes, without introducing additional signaling overhead to coordinate the relaying process. The proposed RCoopMAC scheme is not only beneficial in substantially improving the link quality and therefore the sustainable data rates but, thanks to the decentralized and agnostic coding rule, it also allows to effectively recruit multiple relays in a robust fashion, i.e., even when the required mean CSI is partially outdated.

关键词： Cooperative wireless networks cross-layer approach medium access control (MAC) sublayer physical (PHY) layer optimization random matrix analysis space-time block coding spatial diversity

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Performance Analysis of Transmit Diversity Systems with Multiple Antenna Replacement

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IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 2008年第10期E91B卷 3281-3287页

作者： Park, Ki-Hong Yang, Hong-Chuan Ko, Young-Chai Korea Univ Sch Elect Engn Seoul South Korea Univ Victoria Dept Elect & Comp Engn Victoria BC V8W 3P6 Canada

Transmit diversity systems based on orthogonal space-time block coding (OSTBC) usually suffer Front rate loss and power spreading. Proper antenna selection scheme can help to more effectively utilize tire transmit antennas and transmission power in such systems. In this paper, we propose a new antenna selection scheme for such systems based on the idea of antenna switching. In particular, targeting at reducing the number of pilot channels and RF chains, the transmitter now replaces the antennas with the lowest received SNR with unused ones if the output SNR of space time decoder at the receiver is below a certain threshold. With this new scheme not only the number of pilot channels and RF chains to be implemented is decreased, the average amount of feedback information is also reduced. To analyze the performance of this scheme, we derive the exact integral closed form for the probability density function (PI)F) of the received SNR. We show through numerical examples that the proposed scheme offers better performance than traditional OSTBC systems using all available transmitting antennas. with a small amount of feedback information. we also examine the effect of different antenna configuration and feedback delay.

关键词： diversity techniques switched diversity space-time block coding order statistics Rayleigh fading channels

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On the Performance of Cache-Free/Cache-Aided STBC-NOMA in Satellite-Terrestrial Networks

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IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS 2022年第12期11卷 2655-2659页

作者： Singh, Vibhum Solanki, Sourabh Eappen, Geoffrey Palisetty, Rakesh Vu, Thang X. Merlano-Duncan, Juan Carlos Chatzinotas, Symeon Ottersten, Bjorn Univ Luxembourg Interdisciplinary Ctr Secur Reliabil & Trust Luxembourg 1855 Luxembourg

Future wireless networks pose several challenges such as high spectral efficiency, wide coverage, massive connectivity, low receiver complexity, etc. To this end, this letter investigates an overlay-based cognitive hybrid satellite-terrestrial network (CHSTN) combining non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and conventional Alamouti space-time block coding (STBC) techniques. Herein, a decode-and-forward based secondary terrestrial network cooperates with a primary satellite network for dynamic spectrum access. Further, for reliable content delivery and low latency requirements, wireless caching is employed, whereby the secondary network can store the most popular contents of the primary network. Considering the relevant heterogeneous fading channel models and the NOMA-based imperfect successive interference cancellation, we examine the performance of CHSTN for the cache-free (CF) STBC-NOMA and the cache-aided (CA) STBC-NOMA schemes. We assess the outage probability expressions for primary and secondary networks and further, highlight the corresponding achievable diversity orders. Indicatively, the proposed CF/CA STBC-NOMA schemes for CHSTN perform significantly better than the benchmark standalone NOMA and OMA schemes.

关键词： Caching hybrid satellite-terrestrial networks non-orthogonal multiple access overlay cognitive radio space-time block coding

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