Atmospheric turbulence-induced fading is one of the main impairments affecting free-space optics (FSO) communications. In this paper, we consider FSO systems with intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD) and ...
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Atmospheric turbulence-induced fading is one of the main impairments affecting free-space optics (FSO) communications. In this paper, we consider FSO systems with intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD) and derive a closed-form expression for the asymptotic pairwise error probability of general FSO space-time codes (STCs) for two lasers and an arbitrary number of photodetectors for channels suffering from Gamma-Gamma fading. Furthermore, we provide a simple design criterion for FSO STCs which is used to establish the quasi-optimality of previously proposed FSO repetition codes. We also show that STCs optimized for RF systems achieve full diversity in FSO systems but are suboptimal as far as the coding gain is concerned. Simulation results confirm the analytical findings of this paper.
A multiple transmit antenna system based on hybrid beamforming and space-time coding technologies is examined. The reduction factor of the required transmitted energy achievable by the use of hybrid scheme is quantifi...
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A multiple transmit antenna system based on hybrid beamforming and space-time coding technologies is examined. The reduction factor of the required transmitted energy achievable by the use of hybrid scheme is quantified for any given outage capacity. We show that although a sole space-time coding configuration is superior asymptotically (i.e., for extremely low outage requirements), a hybrid beamforming/space-time coding configuration can be a more effective solution for modest outage requirements. It may provide a useful design guideline for wireless systems, especially for the downlink where multiple transmit antenna scheme is feasible.
This letter presents a new code-division multiple-access (CDMA) system architecture that combines space-time block code (STBC) transmission and adaptive sectorization using electronically tunable reflectarrays. The re...
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This letter presents a new code-division multiple-access (CDMA) system architecture that combines space-time block code (STBC) transmission and adaptive sectorization using electronically tunable reflectarrays. The result is a single base station architecture that can use a combination of diversity and spatial division transmission in order to achieve good performance in a wide range of environments. The reflectarray method has the further advantage of implementing both STBC and adaptive sectorization using a single transmit chain and power amplifier. This significantly reduces the cost of deploying a multiple antenna scheme and makes it possible to retrofit combined STBC/adaptive sectorization transmission to existing single antenna base stations already in the field.
A multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) diffiuse optical communications link is implemented and evaluated using a 2 X 2 Alamouti-type, space-time coding scheme to increase link performance beyond that of single input...
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A multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) diffiuse optical communications link is implemented and evaluated using a 2 X 2 Alamouti-type, space-time coding scheme to increase link performance beyond that of single input, single output (SISO) and multiple input, single output (MISO) systems. We present a representative profile of received power versus distance, and comparative bit-error probability performance. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In this paper, we investigate the error probability performance of noncoherently detected orthogonal modulation combined with Alamouti space-time block coding. We find that there are two types of pair-wise error proba...
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In this paper, we investigate the error probability performance of noncoherently detected orthogonal modulation combined with Alamouti space-time block coding. We find that there are two types of pair-wise error probabilities that characterize the performance. We employ methods that allow a direct evaluation of exact, closed-form expressions for these error probabilities. Theoretical as well as numerical results show that noncoherent orthogonal modulation combined with space-time block coding (STBC) achieves full spatial diversity. We derive an expression for approximate average bit error probability for M-ary orthogonal signaling that allows one to show the tradeoff between increased rate and performance degradation.
A modification of the Alamouti code originally proposed for RF wireless applications is described that allows it to be applied in scenarios such as free-space optical communication with direct detection where unipolar...
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A modification of the Alamouti code originally proposed for RF wireless applications is described that allows it to be applied in scenarios such as free-space optical communication with direct detection where unipolar modulations like pulse-position modulation and ON-OFF keying are traditionally used to convey the information. The modification of the code and associated decision metric is such as to maintain all of the desirable properties of the original scheme.
Exciting recent developments in wireless multiantenna communications have led to designs aiming mainly at. one of two objectives: either high-performance by enabling the diversity provided by multi-input multi-output ...
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Exciting recent developments in wireless multiantenna communications have led to designs aiming mainly at. one of two objectives: either high-performance by enabling the diversity provided by multi-input multi-output (MIMO) channels or high-rates by capitalizing on space-time multiplexing gains to realize the high capacity of MIMO fading channels. By concatenating a linear complex-field coder (a.k.a. linear precoder) with a layered space-time mapper, we design systems capable of achieving both goals: full-diversity and full-rate (FDFR), with any number of transmit- and receive-antennas. We develop FDFR designs not only for flat-fading but for frequency-selective, or, time-selective fading MIMO channels as well. Furthermore, we establish the flexibility of our FDFR designs in striking desirable performance-rate-complexity tradeoffs. Our theoretical claims are confirmed by simulations.
space-division multiplexing (SDM) is becoming essential to increase the capacity of future optical communication systems. Propagating modes through multimode fibers are affected by a non-unitary crosstalk known as mod...
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space-division multiplexing (SDM) is becoming essential to increase the capacity of future optical communication systems. Propagating modes through multimode fibers are affected by a non-unitary crosstalk known as mode dependent loss (MDL), that requires either optical or digital signal processing solutions to be reduced. space-time (ST) coding designed and used for wireless communications was proved to be efficient to reduce polarization-dependent loss in PolMux systems and MDL in SDM systems. In this letter, we study a complete transmission scheme, including forward error correction (FEC) and ST coding. FEC is used to protect the transmission from errors, but in the presence of MDL, system's performance is reduced. We show by simulations and error probability derivation that coding gain summation is obtained, which makes both codes essential for the next generation of optical transmission systems.
This paper investigates the use of space-time (ST) coding for high-speed data transmission, as well as studies the effect of time delay spread on such scheme over unequalized fading channels. Using a random variable d...
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This paper investigates the use of space-time (ST) coding for high-speed data transmission, as well as studies the effect of time delay spread on such scheme over unequalized fading channels. Using a random variable decomposition technique, we present an analytical model and obtain an approximate bound of the pairwise-error probability for ST coded systems over multipath and time-dispersive fading channels. It is shown that the presence of multipath does not reduce the diversity gain provided by the original design criteria, which is adopted to construct specific ST codes in quasi-static flat fading, but the coding gain diminishes due to the effect of multipath fading.
In this article, several extensions to an alternating space-time (ST) code (STC) physical layer security (PLS) scheme from the literature are proposed. These contributions include alternative orthogonal STCs as well a...
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In this article, several extensions to an alternating space-time (ST) code (STC) physical layer security (PLS) scheme from the literature are proposed. These contributions include alternative orthogonal STCs as well as non-orthogonal and spatially-multiplexed (SM) STCs for improved bandwidth efficiency. Phase rotation (PR) algorithms are provided to build very large sets of unique alternative STCs for use with this scheme. Decoding methods are discussed for alternating non-orthogonal and SM STCs. Monte Carlo simulations are provided to compare bit error rate (BER) performance between different decoding methods. Secrecy system nomenclature is adapted to the alternative STCs and proposed algorithms. Information-theoretic security analysis including message and key equivocation is provided along with expected eavesdropper BER based on an assumed attack methodology. A comparison of security offered by the alternating STC PLS scheme with and without incorporation of proposed PR algorithms is performed. Substantially greater exhaustive key search attack complexity is achieved by using the PR algorithms proposed in this article.
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