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sparse array extension for non-circular signals with subspace and compressive sensing based DOA estimation methods

SIGNAL PROCESSING 2018年 145卷 59-67页

作者： Cai, Jingjing Liu, Wei Zong, Ru Wu, Bin Xidian Univ Dept Elect & Engn Xian 710071 Shaanxi Peoples R China Univ Sheffield Dept Elect & Elect Engn Sheffield S1 4ET S Yorkshire England

The virtual array generation process based on typical sparse arrays is studied for a mixture of circular and non-circular impinging signals. It consists of two sub-arrays: one is the traditional difference co-array and the other one is the new sum co-array. The number of consecutive virtual array sensors is analysed for the nested array case, but it is difficult to give a closed-form result for a general sparse array. Based on the extended covariance matrix of the physical array, two classes of direction of arrival (DOA) estimation algorithms are then developed, with one based on the subspace method and one based on sparse representation or the compressive sensing (CS) concept. Both the consecutive and non-consecutive parts of the virtual array can be exploited by the CS-based method, while only the consecutive part can be exploited by the subspace-based one. As a result, the CS-based solution can have a better performance than the subspace-based one, though at the cost of significantly increased computational complexity. The two classes of algorithms can also deal with the special case when all the signals are noncircular. Simulation results are provided to verify the performance of the proposed algorithms. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Non-circular signal sparse array Direction of arrival estimation Subspace Compressive sensing

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sparse array Design for DOA Estimation of Non-Circular Signals: Reduced Co-array Redundancy and Increased DOF

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IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL 2021年第24期21卷 27928-27937页

作者： Zhang, Xiaofei Lai, Xin Zheng, Wang Wang, Yunfei Nanjing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut Coll Elect & Informat Engn Nanjing 210016 Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut Key Lab Dynam Cognit Syst Electromagnet Spectrum Minist Ind & Informat Technol Nanjing Peoples R China Purple Mt Labs Nanjing 211100 Peoples R China

In the past decade, sparse arrays have aroused considerable attention for the ability to provide larger array aperture, more degrees of freedom (DOFs) and better estimation performance compared with the uniform linear array (ULA). In this paper, the problem of sparse array design is investigated for direction of arrival (DOA) estimation of non-circular (NC) signals, where both the difference co-array (DCA) and sum co-array (SCA) of physical array configuration can be utilized. Specifically, we first introduce a sliding array strategy which moves the array along the axis as a whole in order to reduce the co-array redundancy and enhance the consecutive DOFs of the sum-difference co-array (SDCA). Subsequently, we focus on the SCA of the conventional nested array (NA) and propose an approach which increases the DOFs of the SCA by relocating proper sensors. Furthermore, based on the above strategy and approach, we derive an extended sliding nested array (ESNA) with few redundant virtual sensors and an enhanced SCA, which can offer increased consecutive DOFs, enlarged virtual array aperture (VAA) and can thus bring high angle estimation accuracy of NC signals. Finally, analytic solutions and simulation results are given to validate the superiority of the proposed ESNA in terms of DOFs and estimation performance.

关键词： Sensor arrays Estimation Direction-of-arrival estimation array signal processing Redundancy Covariance matrices Signal processing algorithms DOA estimation non-circular signal sparse array sum-difference co-array co-array redundancy degree of freedom

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sparse array Synthesis Including Mutual Coupling for MU-MIMO Average Capacity Maximization

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION 2022年第8期70卷 6617-6626页

作者： Amani, Navid Farsaei, Amirashkan Aghdam, Sina Rezaei Eriksson, Thomas Ivashina, Marianna, V Maaskant, Rob Chalmers Univ Technol Dept Elect Engn S-41296 Gothenburg Sweden Eindhoven Univ Technol TUe Electromagnet Grp NL-5612 AZ Eindhoven Netherlands Eindhoven Univ Technol TUe Signal Proc Syst Grp NL-5612 AZ Eindhoven Netherlands

A hybrid optimization algorithm, including mutual coupling (MC), is proposed to synthesize an irregular sparse array (ISA) for average capacity maximization in a multiuser multiple-input-multiple-output (MU-MIMO) system. The hybrid approach is composed of two phases to suboptimally determine the location of a fixed number of omnidirectional thin dipole antennas in an arbitrary sparse aperture via a diagonal antenna selection matrix. In Phase I, the problem is relaxed to a convex optimization by ignoring the MC and weakening the constraints. The output of Phase I is accounted as a reliable initial guess for the genetic algorithm (GA) in Phase II, which incorporates the MC effects through the coupling matrix and avoids the convex relaxation technique. The proposed approach outperforms the conventional GA with a random initial population, while it avoids trying several starting positions. Meanwhile, the undesirable appearance of grating lobes, due to the undersampling, and the degrading MC effects are suppressed by aperiodicity. It is observed that doubling the conventional interelement spacing (half-wavelength) and finding the location of eight dipoles in a sparse aperture by the proposed method improve the average capacity by 3.27%-11.9% when the number of users varies from two to eight, and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is 30 dB.

关键词： Antenna arrays Optimization Impedance Gratings Dipole antennas Couplings Correlation array synthesis fifth-generation (5G) multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) capacity multiuser MIMO (MU-MIMO) mutual coupling (MC) sparse array

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sparse array Ultrasonic Lamb Wave TDTE Imaging Method

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IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL 2021年第18期21卷 20910-20920页

作者： Yao-Cheng Zhu, Wen-Fa Chai, Xiao-Dong Sun, Liu-Jia Wei-Lv Fan, Guo-Peng Shu-Bin Zheng Hui-Zhang Shanghai Univ Engn Sci Sch Urban Railway Transportat Shanghai 201620 Peoples R China East China Univ Sci & Technol Sch Mech & Power Engn Shanghai 200237 Peoples R China China Railway Sci & Ind Grp Co Ltd Wuhan 430066 Peoples R China

The current Lamb wave topology imaging methods are limited to the ideal model of through-hole defects, ignoring the influence of mode coupling. However, blind hole defects, such as structural plate corrosion and cracks, are the most likely defects in practical applications, and Lamb waves are bound to appear mode-coupled at these defects. The use of the full matrix data calculations of the direct and concomitant sound fields is time-consuming and limits the industrial application of the ultrasonic Lamb wave time-domain topological energy (TDTE) imaging method. A TDTE imaging method of a sparse ultrasonic Lamb wave is proposed in this paper to solve the aforementioned two problems. The sparse array is designed based on a genetic algorithm, then the direct sound field and the accompanying sound field are calculated using the sparse array data. The mode conversion of the Lamb wave is considered when calculating the accompanying sound field, and then the accompanying sound field is reversed in time so that the direct sound field and the accompanying sound field are adaptively focused at the defect. The influence of Lamb wave mode conversion and dispersion on the imaging results is overcome. Finally, the TDTE values of the direct sound field and the accompanying sound field are used as the imaging pixel values to improve the imaging accuracy. The experimental results show that for asymmetric blind hole defects, the TDTE imaging method is more accurate than the total focus (TFM) imaging method;the sparse array designed by the genetic algorithm has good sidelobe characteristics and can effectively reduce sidelobe noise assuming the array aperture is unchanged. The TDTE imaging results based on the sparse array data show that the imaging efficiency is greatly improved compared with the full array when the receiving array is four elements under the condition of ensuring the imaging quality.

关键词： Imaging Sensor arrays Apertures Sensors Acoustics Image sensors Cost function Asymmetric defect lamb wave sparse array TDTE ultrasonic imaging

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sparse array Beampattern Synthesis via Two-Stage Penalty Dual Decomposition Method

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION 2023年第5期71卷 4285-4300页

作者： Cui, Zhenmao Deng, Peipei Chen, Boshen Cheng, Binbin Yu, Yang An, Jianfei China Acad Engn Phys Inst Elect Engn Mianyang 621900 Peoples R China China Acad Engn Phys Microsyst & Terahertz Res Ctr Chengdu 610200 Peoples R China

In this work, a new two-stage penalty dual decomposition (TSPDD) method is devised for the power mask-constrained sparse array beampattern synthesis problem. Unlike the usual approximation of l(0)-quasi-norm with weighted l(1)-norm or l(p)-quasi-norm (0 < p < 1), we directly utilize the objective function of l(0)-quasi-norm to solve this problem without any approximation, so it can obtain a sparser solution than some other methods. The TSPDD solve the augmented Lagrangian problem via dual decomposition (DD)-type methods. It is an iteration algorithm. In the first stage, we update the penalty parameters, while in the second stage, we update the dual variables. Furthermore, in order to further enhance the sparsity of the solution, we extended the algorithm TSPDD to extended two-stage penalty dual decomposition (E-TSPDD) by discarding the array elements with smaller weights and replacing two close array elements with one. Finally, we considered the application of the proposed method in the sparse array synthesis problem with mutual coupling. Numerical examples show that the proposed methods have a good convergence and performances. It can achieve satisfactory radiation pattern with fewer antennas than the existing techniques and can handle the mutual coupling effect in the sparse array synthesis task.

关键词： Optimization Approximation algorithms Mutual coupling Linear antenna arrays Antenna radiation patterns Minimization Heuristic algorithms Augmented Lagrangian beampattern synthesis nonconvex optimization penalty method sparse array

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sparse array Design for Wideband Beamforming With Reduced Complexity in Tapped Delay-Lines

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IEEE-ACM TRANSACTIONS ON AUDIO SPEECH AND LANGUAGE PROCESSING 2014年第8期22卷 1236-1247页

作者： Hawes, Matthew B. Liu, Wei Univ Sheffield Dept Elect & Elect Engn Commun Res Grp Sheffield S10 2TN S Yorkshire England

sparse wideband array design for sensor location optimization is highly nonlinear and it is traditionally solved by genetic algorithms (GAs) or other similar optimization methods. This is an extremely time-consuming process and an optimum solution is not always guaranteed. In this work, this problem is studied from the viewpoint of compressive sensing (CS). Although there have been CS-based methods proposed for the design of sparse narrowband arrays, its extension to the wideband case is not straightforward, as there are multiple coefficients associated with each sensor and they have to be simultaneously minimized in order to discard the corresponding sensor locations. At first, sensor location optimization for both general wideband beamforming and frequency invariant beamforming is considered. Then, sparsity in the tapped delay-line (TDL) coefficients associated with each sensor is considered in order to reduce the implementation complexity of each TDL. Finally, design of robust wideband arrays against norm-bounded steering vector errors is addressed. Design examples are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods, with comparisons drawn with a GA-based design method.

关键词： Compressive sensing frequency invariant beamforming implementation complexity robust beamforming sparse array wideband beamforming

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sparse array Beamforming Design for Coherently Distributed Sources

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION 2021年第5期69卷 2628-2636页

作者： Zheng, Zhi Fu, Yueping Wang, Wen-Qin Univ Elect Sci & Technol China Sch Informat & Commun Engn Chengdu 611731 Peoples R China

Recently, nonstructured sparse array designs have attracted wide interest due to their capability of providing optimum performance for environment-dependent adaptive beamforming. In this article, we develop a sparse array design approach for adaptive beamforming in the presence of spatially coherently distributed (CD) sources. The proposed approach formulates the design problem via maximizing the output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), but it exploits the generalized array manifold of CD sources. Moreover, sequential convex programming is utilized to convert the nonconvex optimization problem into a series of convex subproblems. We also analyze the impact of source distributed shape on optimum array configuration and theoretically prove that when the CD sources are Gaussian-shaped, the uniform linear array (ULA) is exactly the optimum array configuration. The resulting optimum sparse arrays yield higher output SINR and better-shaped beampattern than the structured sparse arrays. Numerical results verify the superiority of the optimum sparse arrays obtained by the proposed approach over the structured sparse arrays.

关键词： Signal to noise ratio Interference array signal processing Adaptive arrays Covariance matrices sparse matrices Adaptive beamforming coherently distributed (CD) sources output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) sequential convex programming (SCP) sparse array

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sparse array of sub-surface aided blockage-free multi-user mmWave communication systems

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Digital Communications and Networks 2020年第3期6卷 292-303页

作者： Weicong Chen Xi Yang Shi Jin Pingping Xu National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Southeast UniversityNanjing210096P.R.China

Recently,Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces(RISs)have drawn intensive attention in the realization of the smart radio ***,existing works mainly consider the RIS as a whole uniform plane,which may be unrealistic to be installed on the facade of buildings when the RIS is extremely *** contrast,this paper investigates a practical sparse array of Sub-surface(SAoS)deployment of the RIS for uplink multi-user millimeter Wave(mmWave)communication systems,in which the Mobile Stations(MSs)are distributed in the blind coverage area due to the *** order to exploit the benefits of the sparse deployment,the correlation of the effective channel is firstly *** the approximation and lower bounds of the ergodic spectral efficiency are derived under frequency and spatial multiplexing scenarios,*** on the autocorrelation of the effective channel,we obtain an optimal reflect coefficient design as well as the deployment guidelines of RIS ***,the RIS tile scheduling algorithms are also *** results show that the ergodic spectral efficiency approximation matches well with the Monte Carlo result under frequency multiplexing scenarios,and the lower bound is tight under spatial multiplexing scenarios only when the effective channel is strongly *** the basis of the RIS tile scheduling algorithm and the reflect coefficient design,the system performance can be significantly improved under frequency multiplexing *** the other hand,by deploying more sparse RIS tiles,we can increase the multiplexing gain under spatial multiplexing scenarios.

关键词： sparse array Reconfigurable intelligent surface Multi-user Blockage-free mmWave

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Multi-frequency based underdetermined direction-of-arrival estimation for irregularly positioned sparse array

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Digital Signal Processing: A Review Journal 2025年 165卷

作者： Li, Renjie Tian, Dezhi Liang, Zhennan Chang, Shaoqiang Liu, Quanhua Key Laboratory of Electronic and Information Technology in Satellite Navigation Ministry of Education Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing100081 China Chongqing Innovation Center Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing401135 China

With the increasing complexity of modern electromagnetic environments, it is more and more common that the number of sources is more than the number of physical sensors, hence underdetermined direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation has been a key problem. sparse array is able to increase degrees-of-freedom (DOFs) in the context of difference coarray equivalence. However, most of the related methods have strict restrictions on sparse array configurations and are difficult to apply in engineering. Therefore, in this paper, we study the underdetermined DOA estimation method based on irregularly positioned sparse arrays. Firstly, we extend the virtual array elements by multi-frequency, and then, to address the DOA ambiguity caused by the existence of holes in the virtual array, we take advantage of the difference in the positions of the virtual array elements generated by different frequency and realize the unambiguous DOA estimation by the spatial spectral multiplication of the different virtual array. In addition, we discuss the theoretical constraints on the random layout of sparse array elements and gives a design solution which can exploit all of the DOFs. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the method. © 2025 Elsevier Inc.

关键词： DOA ambiguity Multi-frequency sparse array Underdetermined DOA estimation

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Generalized Non-Redundant sparse array Designs

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING 2021年 69卷 4580-4594页

作者： Ahmed, Ammar Zhang, Yimin D. Temple Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Philadelphia PA 19122 USA Apt Adv Engn Ctr Agoura Hills CA 91301 USA

We present novel generalized non-redundant sparse array design strategies that achieve the highest possible number of degrees-of-freedom (DOFs) for direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation. These array designs offer difference co-arrays that do not contain any lag redundancies except the unavoidable redundancies at lag zero. We first develop a co-array-based zero-redundancy design rule which serves as a baseline for constructing these non-redundant arrays, and a large-aperture naive structured non-redundant sparse array is presented. We then develop a systematized design framework based on disjunctive programming to obtain non-redundant sparse array structures with a minimum array aperture, resulting in minimum hole arrays. The disjunctive programming framework is then extended to an equivalent mixed-integer linear programming problem. As a result, given the same number of physical sensors, the design framework provides a difference co-array with the maximum number of correlation lags and resolves more sources than existing sparse array structures. The non-redundant sparse array design is further generalized in two new directions, respectively achieving an arbitrary array aperture and reducing mutual coupling effects. Among the several new sparse array designs obtained from such generalizations, the hybrid non-redundant sparse array design simultaneously achieves the highest number of DOFs, meets a desired array aperture requirement, and reduces mutual coupling effects. Structured matrix completion methods are employed to interpolate the missing lags in the resulting difference co-arrays, thereby enabling high-resolution gridless DOA estimation with improved performance. Simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the generalized non-redundant sparse array design strategies over existing sparse array structures

关键词： Sensor arrays Apertures array signal processing Sensors Covariance matrices Redundancy Mutual coupling sparse array non-redundant array difference co-array direction-of-arrival estimation matrix completion

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