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Synthesis of sparse planar arrays with multiple patterns: An automatic coordinate pairing approach

SIGNAL PROCESSING 2023年第1期212卷

作者： Zhuang, Yangjingzhi Zhang, Xuejing He, Zishu Univ Elect Sci & Technol China Sch Informat & Commun Engn Chengdu Peoples R China

An innovative algorithm to synthesize a non-uniform sparse planar array with as few elements as possible is proposed in this paper. The algorithm is aimed at multiple different beampatterns, and can directly estimate the exact positions of the planar array elements, avoiding the problem of coordinate pairing between X-axis and Y-axis. To achieve this, the proposed method utilizes the rotational invariance caused by the translation invariant structure of the steering vector. It derives the array element position from the data matrix based on unitary ESPRIT and employs a low-rank approximation operation to construct a matrix containing the position information of the reconstructed sparse array elements. Automatic pairing is then realized by assigning the real and imaginary parts of the matrix eigenvalues to the abscissa and ordinate of elements one-to-one. The paper presents two different simulation scenarios to demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm, with the results showing a reduction in the number of array elements by 20%-30% while ensuring low reconstruction error, low time, and space complexity. Overall, the proposed algorithm provides an effective solution for synthesizing non-uniform sparse planar arrays with fewer elements, which can significantly reduce costs and complexity in various applications. & COPY;2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Antenna pattern synthesis Multiple patterns sparse planar array

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Improved Sparrow Search Algorithm for sparse array Optimization

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MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN ENGINEERING 2025年第1期2025卷

作者： Ji, Juanjuan Su, Jie Zhang, Lanfang Zhang, Liuying Jiang, Julang Ma, Hongliang Anqing Normal Univ Sch Elect Engn & Intelligent Mfg Anqing Peoples R China

The synthesis problem of the number of array elements, array element spacing, and array formation is widely concerned in sparse array optimization. The local optimum problem is still an urgent problem to be solved in the existing optimization algorithms. A sparse array optimization algorithm on improved sparrow search algorithm (ISSA) is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a probabilistic following strategy is proposed to optimize the following strategy of the sparrow search algorithm (SSA), and it can improve the global search capability of the algorithm. Secondly, the adaptive local search and Cauchy-Gaussian mutation are used to avoid falling into the local optimum situation, and more high-quality areas are searched to improve the local extremum escape ability and convergence performance of the algorithm. Finally, the peak sidelobe level (PSLL) is used as the fitness function to adaptively optimize the position of the array elements. Experimental simulations show that the proposed approach has good main lobe response and low sidelobe response. In the sparse planar array, the sidelobe level decreases by -1.41 dB compared with the genetic algorithm (GA) and 0.69 dB lower than the SSA. In sparse linear array, the sidelobe level decreases by -1.09 dB compared with differential evolution algorithm and 0.40 dB lower than the SSA. The optimization of sparse arrays significantly enhances the accuracy and robustness of antenna array error estimation.

关键词： array antenna ISSA sparse array sparse planar array

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Shift-Based Symmetric Coprime planar arrays for Direction Finding with Enhanced Uniform Degrees of Freedom

Shift-Based Symmetric Coprime Planar Arrays for Direction Fi...

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IEEE/CIC International Conference on Communications in China (ICCC)

作者： Zhang, Zexiang Shen, Qing Liu, Wei Li, Kangning Wu, Kejiang Cui, Wei Beijing Inst Technol Sch Informat & Elect Beijing Peoples R China Queen Mary Univ London Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci London England

ISBN: (纸本)9798350377675;9798350377682

Recently, sparse planar arrays have attracted significant attention due to its advantage in underdetermined two-dimensional (2-D) direction of arrival (DOA) estimation. In this paper, we propose a novel sparse planar array configuration called shift-based symmetric coprime planar array (SSCPA), leveraging the difference co-array (DCA) technique to generate a large virtual array with increased number of uniform degrees of freedom (uDOFs). The closed-form expression of the number of uDOFs is then derived, and compared with existing structures. Simulation results confirm that superior performance in terms of resolution capacity and estimation performance is achieved by the proposed structure.

关键词： sparse planar array difference co-array 2-D underdetermined DOA estimation coprime array

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Design of a Compact SPA for U6G Band with GA Based Optimization 11

Design of a Compact SPA for U6G Band with GA Based Optimizat...

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11th IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Antennas and Propagation, APCAP 2023 - Proceedings

作者： Zhang, Xiaoying Zhao, Jianing Zhou, Jianyi Yu, Zhiqiang Ni, Xuenan Southeast University National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Nanjing China Purple Mountain Laboratories Nanjing China Southeast University State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves Nanjing China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350326277

In this paper, a compact sparse planar array (SPA) optimization method based on genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed for the upper 6 GHz (U6G) band. The inter-element spacing is reduced from λ / 2 to λ / 4. The results show that the maximum sidelobe level of the optimized SPA is reduced by 6.3dB compared with that of the uniform planar array (UPA), which is not significantly different from that of the optimized SPA with λ / 2 antenna spacing, while the antenna area with λ / 4 is only a quarter of that with λ / 2. The method proposed is suitable for low-sidelobe-level, low-channel-count, and low-cost U6G band applications. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： 6G array optimization genetic algorithm low-sidelobe-level sparse planar array

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2D DOA Estimation Exploiting Vertical Synthetic planar arrays

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IEEE ACCESS 2021年 9卷 3497-3507页

作者： Wang, Guiyu Fei, Zesong Ren, Shiwei Beijing Inst Technol Sch Informat & Elect Beijing 100081 Peoples R China

In this paper, vertical motions of sparse linear arrays (SLAs) are utilized to generate equivalent synthetic planar arrays for two-dimensional (2D) direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation. The proposed array geometry named vertical synthetic planar array (VSPA) consists of an arbitrary SLA on the x-axis and a series of its time-shifted arrays in the vertical orientation. With the original linear array and the moving trail known, the difference coarray of VSPA can be easily obtained. By utilizing both the synthetic aperture processing and the coarray technique, VSPA has the ability to construct a synthetic planar array with only an SLA used. Compared with the traditional sparse planar arrays (SPAs), such as 2D nested array and 2D coprime array, VSPA can achieve higher degree-of-freedom and improved 2D DOA estimation performance with the same number of sensors. Moreover, as different original linear arrays and moving trails can be chosen for different applications, the construction of VSPA is of high flexibility. Numerical simulations are presented to verify the superiority of the proposed VSPA geometry over other typical SPAs.

关键词： Sensor arrays Sensors Two dimensional displays Estimation Direction-of-arrival estimation planar arrays array signal processing Difference coarray DOA estimation sparse planar array synthetic aperture vertical motion

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Synthesis of sparse planar arrays in the whole field by compressed sensing

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ELECTRONICS LETTERS 2019年第23期55卷 1211-1212页

作者： Zhao, Dongdong Chen, Peng Hu, Yingtian Liang, Ronghua Wang, Haixia Guo, Xinxin Zhejiang Univ Technol Coll Comp Sci & Technol Hangzhou Zhejiang Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Deep Sea Sci & Engn Sanya Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Technol Coll Informat Engn Hangzhou Zhejiang Peoples R China

A method for designing sparse large planar arrays in whole field with a minimum number of elements is proposed in this Letter. The method is developed by compressed sensing algorithms and a new composite beam pattern covering both far- and near-field information. The experimental results demonstrate that the sparse planar array achieves a 95.3% element thinning compared to the fully sampled planar array and the side lobe peaks in near-field conditions are at least 3.4 dB lower than those in previous studies.

关键词： array signal processing acoustic arrays acoustic signal processing compressed sensing fully sampled planar array near-field conditions sparse planar array sparse large planar arrays compressed sensing algorithms composite beam pattern near-field information element thinning far-field information noise figure 3.4 dB

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Optimized Design for sparse arrays in 3-D Imaging Sonar Systems Based on Perturbed Bayesian Compressive Sensing

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IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL 2020年第10期20卷 5554-5565页

作者： Lin, Zhenwei Chen, Yaowu Liu, Xuesong Jiang, Rongxin Shen, Binjian Xin-Xin Guo Zhejiang Univ Inst Adv Digital Technol & Instrumentat Hangzhou 310027 Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Engn Res Ctr Embedded Syst Educ Dept Hangzhou 310027 Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ State Key Lab Ind Control Technol Hangzhou 310027 Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Zhejiang Prov Key Lab Network Multimedia Technol Hangzhou 310027 Zhejiang Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Deep Sea Sci & Engn Sanya 572000 Hainan Peoples R China

sparse planar array designs significantly reduce the hardware complexity and computational overhead in phased array 3-D imaging sonar systems. Recently, Bayesian compressive sensing (BCS) theory has been applied for synthesizing maximally sparse arrays, in which case, the problem is formulated as a pattern matching technique in a probabilistic fashion. Thus, in this study, a perturbed BCS-based method with a minimum inter-element spacing constraint is proposed. In particular, a modified BCS technique is first employed to synthesize the primary sparse array. Then, the position perturbations of the elements are determined via the first-order Taylor expansion to increase their degrees of freedom (DOFs). The position perturbations allow for continuous element arrangement, which compensates for the imperfection of discrete candidate sample locations. After that, an improved element merging technique combined with convex optimization was adopted to establish constraints on element spacing while mitigating beam pattern degradation. In practice, this is a feasible approach, which merges elements close to each other, leading to a sparser array with a minimum inter-element spacing. Our numerical results confirm the validity of the proposed method in matching accuracy, array sparsity, and constraining the minimum spacing between elements.

关键词： Bayesian compressed sensing convex optimization element merging phased array 3-D imaging sonar system position perturbation sparse planar array

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Optimization of sparse planar arrays with Minimum Spacing and Geographic Constraints in Smart Ocean Applications

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SENSORS 2019年第1期19卷 11-11页

作者： Hao, Shijie Ge, Feng-Xiang Yu, Xianxiang Cui, Guolong Ma, Li Beijing Normal Univ Coll Informat Sci & Technol Beijing 100875 Peoples R China Univ Elect Sci & Technol China Sch Informat & Commun Engn Chengdu 611731 Sichuan Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Acoust Key Lab Acoust Environm Beijing 100190 Peoples R China

sparse arrays can fix array aperture with a reduced number of elements to maintain resolution while reducing cost. However, grating lobe suppression, high peak side-lobe level reduction (PSLL), and constraints on the location of the array elements in the practical deployment of arrays are challenging problems. Based on simulated annealing, the element locations of a sparse planar array in smart ocean applications with minimum spacing and geographic constraints are optimized in this paper by minimizing the sum of PSLL. The robustness of the deployment-optimized spare planar array with mis-calibration is further considered. Numerical simulations show the effectiveness of the proposed solution.

关键词： sparse planar array minimum spacing constraint geographic constraint simulated annealing (SA) robust adaptive beamforming

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Decoupled DOA and Polarization Estimation Based on Block 2D sparse Representation

Decoupled DOA and Polarization Estimation Based on Block 2D ...

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作者： Shuli Shi Yougen Xu Kang Zhao Yulin Huang Zhiwen Liu School of Information and Electronics Beijing Institute of Technology

A two-dimensional(2 D) block sparse representation method is proposed for 2D direction of arrival(DOA) and polarization estimation by using planar sparse vector sensor array. From the second-order statistics of the array output, a virtual uniform rectangular array can be constructed, based on which a 2D sparse representation model is formulated, wherein the two overcomplete bases are each associated with a one-dimensional(1 D) angle of the incident signal and matrix sizes of them are a much smaller than that in 1D sparse representation model. Then a block 2D orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm is proposed to recover the block sparse matrix from the observation data of the virtual array. The DOA and polarization parameters can be estimated from the nonzero blocks in the sparse matrix. Computer simulations show the improvements of proposed method than the existing methods in estimation performance and computational complexity.

关键词： Vector sensor sparse planar array direction of arrival estimation polarization estimation two-dimensional sparse representation

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High Accuracy and Unambiguous 2D-DOA Estimation With an Uniform planar array of "Long" Electric-Dipoles

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IEEE ACCESS 2018年 6卷 40559-40568页

作者： Li, Binbin Bai, Weixiong Zhang, Qin Zheng, Guimei Bai, Juan Fu, Xiaolong Air Force Engn Univ Air & Missile Def Coll Xian 710051 Shaanxi Peoples R China

For the polarization sensitive array considered in the most current literature, the physical length of the electric-dipole is less than 0.1 of a wavelength, and the radiation efficiency of this "short" electric-dipole is too low. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study the array of "long" electric-dipole (the physical length lies within the range of [0.1, 1] of a wavelength). This paper constructs a sparse uniform planar array composed of the orthogonally oriented and spatially separated "long" tri-electric-dipole and proposes an algorithm to solve the problem of the 2-D direction-of-arrival (2-D-DOA) estimation with the proposed array. It is worth mentioning that the proposed algorithm does not require the prior knowledge of polarization parameters. Moreover, the spatially separated structure of the vector sensor is beneficial to engineering practice. Simulations are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

关键词： "Long" electric-dipole sparse planar array ESPRIT algorithm disambiguation algorithm 2D-DOA estimation

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