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Improvements and spatial Dependencies in Energy Transition Measures

ENERGIES 2021年第13期14卷 3802-3802页

作者： Kuc-Czarnecka, Marta Ewa Olczyk, Magdalena Zinecker, Marek Gdansk Univ Technol Fac Econ & Management PL-80233 Gdansk Poland Brno Univ Technol Fac Business & Management Brno 61200 Czech Republic

This article aims to improve one of the newest energy transition measures-the World Economic Forum WEF Energy Transition Index (ETI) and find its driving forces. This paper proposes a new approach to correct the ETI structure, i.e., sensitivity analysis, which allows assessing the accuracy of variable weights. Moreover, the novelty of the paper is the use the spatial error models to estimate determinants of the energy transition on different continents. The results show that ETI is unbalanced and includes many variables of marginal importance for the shape of the final ranking. The variables with the highest weights in ETI did not turn out to be its most important determinants, which means that they differentiate the analysed countries well;nonetheless, they do not have sufficient properties of approximating the values of the ETI components. The most important components of ETI (with the highest information load) belong to the CO2 emissions per capita, the innovative business environment, household electricity prices, or renewable capacity buildout. Moreover, we identified the clustering of both ETI and its two main pillars in Europe, which is not observed in America and Asia. The identified positive spatial effects showing that European countries need much deeper cooperation to reach a successful energy transition.

关键词： energy transition index energy transition composite indicators sensitivity analysis spatial error model

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Accommodating spatio-temporal dependency in airline demand modeling

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JOURNAL OF AIR TRANSPORT MANAGEMENT 2024年 116卷

作者： Tirtha, Sudipta Dey Bhowmik, Tanmoy Eluru, Naveen Univ Cent Florida Dept Civil Environm & Construct Engn Orlando FL 32816 USA Portland State Univ Dept Civil & Environm Engn Portland OR USA

The objective of the current study is to examine monthly air passenger departures at the airport level considering spatial interactions between airports. In this study, we develop a novel spatial grouped generalized ordered probit (SGGOP) model system of monthly air passenger departures at the airport level. Specifically, we estimate two variants of spatial models including spatial lag model and spatial error model. In the presence of repeated demand measures for the airports, we also consider temporal variations of spatial correlation effects among proximally located airports by employing space and time-based weight matrix. The proposed model is estimated using monthly air passenger departures for five years for 369 airports across the US. The proposed spatial model is implemented using composite marginal likelihood (CML) approach that offers a computationally feasible framework. From the estimation results, it is evident that air passenger departures at the airport level are influenced by different factors including MSA specific demographic characteristics, built environment characteristics, airport specific factors, spatial factors, and temporal factors. Moreover, spatial autocorrelation parameter is found to be significant validating our hypothesis of the presence of common unobserved factors associated with the spatial unit of analysis. In this study, we also perform a validation analysis to examine the predictive performance of the proposed spatial models. The results highlight the superiority of spatial error model compared to spatial lag model and the independent model that ignores the spatial interactions. Finally, we undertake an elasticity analysis to quantify the impact of the independent variables.

关键词： Airline demand spatial interaction spatial lag model spatial error model Weight matrix

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Structural Factorization of Latent Adjacency Matrix, with an application to Auto Industry Networks

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SANKHYA-SERIES B-APPLIED AND INTERDISCIPLINARY STATISTICS 2021年第SUPPL 2期83卷 185-206页

作者： Chakraborty, Sayan Bhattacharjee, Arnab Maiti, Taps Michigan State Univ Dept Stat & Probabil E Lansing MI 48824 USA Heriot Watt Univ Spatial Econ & Econometr Ctr SEEC Edinburgh Midlothian Scotland Michigan State Univ Eli Broad Sch Business E Lansing MI 48824 USA

There is substantial interest in the current literature - spanning finance, economics, engineering and medical imaging - on the relationship structure between several nodes in a complex system. In this paper, we extend the literature by developing model and inference for complex networks in terms of latent factors, by extracting the hidden factors that plays significant role in the configuration of inter node relationships. Together, we extend inferences to applications where the underlying network structure is also latent;that is, the adjacency matrix is unobserved. Here, we consider a Bayesian variant of the matrix factorization technique to develop a structural model of the latent adjacency matrix. There are many potential applications. For illustration, we consider a latent network of firms in the in the US automotive sector, where the central object is to understand the impact of an economic shock on firms (or nodes of the network). An important question centers around the factors that affect the stability and resilience of inter node relationships in a network. In the automotive sector application, we would like to know whether these relationship structures are driven by collaborative or competitive environments? What are the effects of a collaborative or competitive role played by a specific firm on the configuration of the relationship network? Using accounting data on firm sales and costs, we use our proposed object oriented factorization methodology to provide explanation of the estimated network links between 3 major US auto manufacturers and their intermediate suppliers.

关键词： Adjacency matrix Matrix factorization Latent space error correction model spatial error model Primary 62-XX

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Environmental Regulation, Resource Misallocation, and Ecological Efficiency

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EMERGING MARKETS FINANCE AND TRADE 2021年第3期57卷 410-429页

作者： Wang, Shuhong Sun, Xiaoli Song, Malin Ocean Univ China Sch Econ Qingdao Peoples R China Ocean Univ China Inst Marine Dev Qingdao Peoples R China Anhui Univ Finance & Econ Sch Stat & Appl Math Bengbu 233030 Peoples R China

This study presents an ecological efficiency analysis by combining the potential of every area in China in terms of emissions reduction and energy savings with resource allocation. Changes in ecological efficiency are calculated. Environmental regulation and resource misallocation factors are introduced to identify key factors influencing ecological efficiency. The results indicate a U-shaped relationship between provincial relative environmental regulation strength and resource misallocation degree, where regulation could relieve resource misallocation somewhat and improve ecological efficiency. However, after the curve's turning, ecological efficiency deteriorates. The study expands the research boundary of economics and ecology and provides a reference for policy-makers.

关键词： ecological efficiency ecological footprint environmental regulation spatial error model

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Thermal comfort differences between urban villages and formal settlements in Chinese developing cities: A case study in Shenzhen

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SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022年 853卷 158283页

作者： Yi, Tengyun Wang, Han Liu, Chang Li, Xuechen Wu, Jiansheng Peking Univ Sch Urban Planning & Design Key Lab Urban Habitat Environm Sci & Technol Shenzhen 518055 Peoples R China Peking Univ Coll Urban & Environm Sci Key Lab Earth Surface Proc Minist Educ Beijing 100871 Peoples R China

Rapid urbanization has changed the urban spatial form, which directly leads to the emergence of urban informal settlements, and the impact on ecological environment is manifested as the obvious deterioration of urban thermal environment. The thermal environment of informal settlements, which are called urban villages in China, is seriously deteriorated. In the process of urban renewal, we should pay attention to the thermal environment effect of urban villages and promote the sustainable development of cities. However, at present there are few studies on the differences of thermal comfort among urban settlements. Taking Shenzhen as an example city, this paper distinguished several scopes such as urban villages, formal settlements and non-urban areas, then analyzed the pattern characteristics of urban thermal comfort by using the Modified Temperature and Humidity Index (MTHI), and finally explored the spatial relationship between thermal comfort and various environmental factors through spatial regression models. The results show that (1) thermal comfort has significant spatial autocorrelation and the thermal environment centers are clustered in built-up areas of Shenzhen city. The overall MTHI of urban villages is relatively the highest, and the dominant thermal comfort level in summer is sultry and hot. (2) According to the spatial error model, the green space coverage represented by NDVI has the strongest mitigation effect on urban thermal comfort, and the building density has an obvious aggravating effect on the muggy environment. Both of them have more obvious effects on the thermal comfort of informal settlements. (3) The current thermal environment of urban settlements cannot be ignored, especially in urban villages. In the process of urban renewal, heat dissipation should be considered emphatically. Increasing urban green area and decreasing building density will help to improve urban thermal environment. The study can provide suggestions for urban renewal fr

关键词： Thermal comfort Urban Village Modi fied temperature and humidity index spatial error model NDVI

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modelling land surface temperature in urban areas using spatial regression models

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Urban Climate 2022年第0期44卷

作者： Ismaila, Abdur-Rahman Belel Muhammed, Ibrahim Adamu, Bashir Department of Urban and Regional Planning Faculty of Environmental Sciences Modibbo Adama University Yola P.M.B. Yola 2076 Adamawa State Nigeria Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics Faculty of Environmental Sciences Modibbo Adama University Yola P.M.B. Yola 2076 Adamawa State Nigeria Department of Geography Faculty of Environmental Sciences Modibbo Adama University Yola P.M.B. Yola 2076 Adamawa State Nigeria

This study is aimed at modelling land surface temperature (LST) using the spatial lag model (SLM) and spatial error model (SEM). Landsat-8 OLI/TIRS data and digital elevation model were used to generate the dependent and explanatory variables. First, correlation between the variables and LST, and presence of spatial autocorrelation were assessed. Second, the modelled LST was validated. The findings revealed that built-up areas, green areas and water bodies exhibit lower LST compared to the non-urbanized areas around the city. A moderate inverse relationship (r² = 0.6) is observed between LST and vegetation index with p-value = 4*10⁻¹¹. In contrast, built-up and surface water indices, albedo, and elevation indicate a weak positive correlation with LST. The LST predicted by SLM ranged between 20 and 42.9 °C (0.5 °C and 0.7 °C below the minimum and maximum of the original data, respectively). In the case of SEM, the predicted LST ranged between 20.4 and 42.2 °C (only 0.1 °C below the minimum of the original data). At 0.01 level of significant, all the variables are significant predictor of the LST except elevation. Both models performed well but SEM showed more superiority. The outcome of this study will enable planners to obtain insight into interventions that are necessary in order to mitigate surface temperature in urban areas. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS spatial error model spatial lag model Surface temperature Urban climatology

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Do superfund sites affect local property values? Evidence from a spatial hedonic approach

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ECONOMIC ANALYSIS AND POLICY 2020年 67卷 15-28页

作者： Kim, GwanSeon Schieffer, Jack Mark, Tyler Arkansas State Univ Coll Agr POB 1080 State Univ AR 72467 USA Univ Kentucky Dept Agr Econ Lexington KY 40506 USA

Seven different Superfund sites located within or just outside the county border of Jefferson County, Kentucky are investigated. Our finding shows that the use of a traditional hedonic pricing model will result in inefficient estimates compared to a spatial error hedonic model. Considering two different phases of the cleanup process, we find that the median housing value is lower for houses near deleted Superfund sites but is not significantly affected by sites classified as final. Another consideration is the implications of multiple Superfund sites, and findings indicate that multiple Superfund sites do not significantly impact housing values. (c) 2020 Economic Society of Australia, Queensland. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Hedonic price model spatial error model Superfund site

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spatial analysis of water quality and income in Europe

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WATER RESOURCES AND ECONOMICS 2021年 35卷

作者： Brockwell, Erik Elofsson, Katarina Marbuah, George Nordmark, Sandra Sodertorn Univ Dept Social Sci SE-14189 Huddinge Sweden Aarhus Univ Dept Environm Sci Frederiksbergsvej 399 DK-4000 Roskilde Denmark Stockholm Environm Inst Box 24218 S-10451 Stockholm Sweden Swedish Univ Agr Sci Dept Econ Box 7013 SE-75007 Uppsala Sweden

The purpose of this study is to empirically investigate the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) relationship between water quality and income within the European Union, considering spatial interdependences across countries. To this end, we apply a spatial econometrics framework using panel data, at the national level, for twenty EU countries across seventeen years, 1998 to 2014. Furthermore, we account for the role of human and livestock population size, institutional quality and economic openness for water quality. Results show that a significant EKC relationship is seen with an inverted N-shaped relationship between income and water quality. Water quality is decreasing in income for low income levels, increasing in income when GDP per capita for medium income levels, and deteriorating for high income levels. Eight out of twenty countries have income levels associated with a declining water quality. spatial spillovers between countries are significant. Higher livestock density levels are associated with lower levels of water quality, while institutional quality and openness to trade are positively associated with water quality.

关键词： Environmental kuznets curve Institutional quality spatial error model spatial spillovers Water framework directive

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The inequality of educational resources and its countermeasures for rural revitalization in southwest China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2020年第2期17卷 304-315页

作者： GUO Yuan-zhi ZHOU Yang LIU Yan-sui Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Equal access to education has long been a global concern and is important for rural revitalization strategy in the new era. However, little is known about the regional differences of educational resources in China, especially southwest China, where the spatial heterogeneity of human and physical geography is extremely significant. Using a dataset of primary and secondary schools of southwest China at county level in 2015, this study builds an index system to comprehensively measure the supply of educational resources, investigates the spatial pattern of educational resources via exploratory spatial data analysis(ESDA), and explores its influence factors through spatial econometrics. Results indicated that the supply level of educational resources in southwest China was relatively low;the high-high clusters of the supply of educational resources were mainly located in Sichuan Basin and the east of Western Sichuan Plateau, while the concentrated poverty-stricken areas of Guizhou and the border areas of Yunnan-SichuanGuizhou, especially Wumeng mountain area, were characterized by the low-low clusters. Furthermore, this study suggested that altitude, population density, local government revenue and rural residents' income were positively correlated with the supply of educational resources, while the negative influenceswere exerted by proportion of ethnic minority population and urbanization rate. And there were differences in the specific objects of actions of each factor. Ultimately, we proposed that village relocation and combination, as well as sustainable urbanization and regional development were practical paths to optimize the supply of educational resources in rural areas, thus promoting the modernization of agriculture and countryside.

关键词： Educational resources Rural revitalization spatial heterogeneity spatial error model Southwest China

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How planning intervention changes the "price tags" of property rights? Towards a dynamic understanding of China's small property right housing

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CITIES 2024年 150卷

作者： He, Shenjing Shan, Lu Zhu, Jin Univ Hong Kong Social Infrastruct Equ & Wellbeing SIEW Lab Dept Urban Planning & Design Hong Kong Peoples R China Univ Hong Kong Urban Syst Inst Hong Kong Peoples R China Univ Hong Kong Dept Real Estate & Construct Knowles BldgPokfulam Rd Hong Kong Peoples R China Univ Hong Kong Dept Urban Planning & Design Knowles BldgPokfulam Rd Hong Kong Peoples R China

While studies of property rights have long gone beyond the legal -illegal dichotomy, how to quantify the varying degree of property rights remains a challenging task. Focusing on a special type of informal housing-Small Property Right Housing (SPRH) in China, this study examines how planning intervention affects the pricing mechanism of SPRH through the theoretical lens of graded property rights. A previous study has unravelled the pricing mechanism of SPRH by quantifying the impact of informal institutions inherent to the SPRH market that give different "price tags" to varying degree of property rights, while not being able to capture the impact of external interventions. Drawing on two SPRH datasets before and after a Master Plan of urban villages conservation announced in 2019, we employ difference in difference (DID) estimations to examine how planning intervention affects SPRH prices by way of altering the strength of informal property rights. We also develop spatial error models (SEM) to account for spatial autocorrelation. This research extends and enriches the robust conceptualisation of graded degree of informal property rights by capturing the changes caused by external intervention to offer a dynamic and more accurate understanding of SPRH pricing mechanism. It also demonstrates that planning can go beyond sanctioning and redlining to tolerate and steer informal development.

关键词： Informal housing Property rights Small property right housing Pricing mechanism Planning intervention Difference in difference spatial error model

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