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Diurnal thermal diversity in heterogeneous built area: Mumbai, India

URBAN CLIMATE 2020年 32卷

作者： Mehrotra, Surabhi Bardhan, Ronita Ramamritham, Krithivasan Maulana Azad Natl Inst Technol Dept Architecture & Planning Bhopal 462003 India Univ Cambridge Dept Architecture Cambridge CB2 1PX England Indian Inst Technol Ctr Urban Sci & Engn Mumbai 400076 Maharashtra India Indian Inst Technol Interdisciplinary Programme IDP Climate Studies Mumbai 400076 Maharashtra India Indian Inst Technol Dept Comp Sci & Engn CSE Mumbai 400076 Maharashtra India

The urban built-up areas while providing shelter inimitably modify the thermal profile of its surroundings which impact the quality of life. Urban heat stress is the most significant indicator of alteration of the urban ecosystem. The variation in built-up areas alters the net radiation budget of urban land surface differently, leading to spatially diverse Intra-Urban Heat Islands within urban areas. However, it is a challenge to identify the specific contribution of built parameters in a heterogeneous built area where the diurnal variation of thermal characteristics is large. Thus, we aim to investigate the diurnal thermal performance of Heterogeneous Built Area (HBA) at canopy-level that cause heat stress. One of the critical indicators of thermal profile, Mean Radiant Temperature (Tmrt) is analysed, and heat stress is assessed using the thermal index –Physiological Equivalent Temperature. The second component of the study is to identify the significance of build form indices that significantly impacts the Tmrt during peak heating and cooling hours of a day. The study investigates the profile of thermal diversity in a heterogeneous urban area that will subsequently inform guidelines for future policies on build form regulations.

关键词： Diurnal thermal variation Heat stress Physiological equivalent temperature Heterogeneous built area spatial regression BCR Built Coverage Ratio CUHI canopy level urban heat islands C·I Confidence Interval HBA Heterogeneous Built Area OLS Ordinary Least Square PET Physiological Equivalent Temperature RH Relative Humidity SOLWEIG Solar Long Wave Environmental Irradiance Geometry SEM spatial error model SLM spatial Lag model SVF Sky View Factor Tmrt Mean Radiant Temperature Ta Air Temperature VR Vertical Ratio

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Estimating price gradient in Bratislava with different distance measurements

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JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN REAL ESTATE RESEARCH 2019年第2期12卷 190-206页

作者： Rehak, Stefan Kacer, Marek Univ Econ Bratislava Dept Publ Adm & Reg Dev Fac Natl Econ Bratislava Slovakia Univ Leeds Business Sch Accounting & Finance Div Credit Management Res Ctr Leeds W Yorkshire England Univ Econ Bratislava Dept Finance Fac Natl Econ Bratislava Slovakia

Purpose This paper aims to analyse the price gradient of apartments in the city of Bratislava with different measurements of travel time and distance to the city centre. Design/methodology/approach The price gradient is analysed by means of a hedonic price model. To overcome the problem with spatial autocorrelation in the data, the authors apply a spatial error model. Findings The paper provides empirical insights into the size of the price gradient in the city of Bratislava. In addition, it suggests that even in the case of a city with complicated urban structure, Euclidean distance is the best proxy for distance to the city centre and it is not necessary to use a more demanding distance calculation in hedonic price models. Originality/value Price gradients are usually analysed in western European or American cities whose urban structure differ from the cities in central and eastern Europe. This paper is the first in which the price gradient is estimated with different measurements of time and distance to the city centre using a spatial econometric model.

关键词： Slovakia Hedonic model Bratislava Distance measurement Price gradient spatial error model

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How much does regional integration contribute to growth? An analysis of the impact of domestic market integration on regional economic performance in China (1997-2011)

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ECONOMIC RESEARCH-EKONOMSKA ISTRAZIVANJA 2019年第1期32卷 3183-3204页

作者： Hong, Tao Yu, Nannan Storm, Servaas Gao, Bo Harbin Inst Technol Sch Management Harbin Heilongjiang Peoples R China Delft Univ Technol Econ Technol & Innovat Delft Netherlands Nanjing Univ Sch Business Nanjing Jiangsu Peoples R China

This study analyses domestic market integration's (DMI's) dynamic influence on regional economic growth in China. The authors construct a matrix of annual DMI indices for 29 provinces for 1997-2015. They calculate the reciprocal matrix and combine it with the beta-convergence model and spatial econometrics to analyse the relationships between DMI and regional economic growth. Their findings indicate that the relation between these two variables is not straightforward, and 2004 was a tipping-point year. Before 2004, the statistical relationship between DMI and regional economic growth was downward sloping, which suggests a trend of divergence and negative spillover effects across the 29 provinces. After 2004, the relationship between DMI and regional economic growth becomes positive: increased DMI now is strengthening (regional) economic growth. The authors provide the possible explanations for the unstable relationship combined with China's reality as well.

关键词： beta-convergence economic growth market integration spatial autoregressive model spatial error model

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Prevalence, patterns, and predictors of diarrhea: a spatial-temporal comprehensive evaluation in India

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BMC PUBLIC HEALTH 2018年第1期18卷 1-10页

作者： Nilima Kamath, Asha Shetty, Karthik Unnikrishnan, B. Kaushik, Siddharth Rai, Shesh N. Manipal Acad Higher Educ Dept Stat Prasanna Sch Publ Hlth Manipal 576104 Karnataka India Manipal Acad Higher Educ Dept Community Med Manipal 576104 Karnataka India Cent Sci Instruments Org Div V 4 Chandigarh India Univ Louisville Biostat Shared Facil James Graham Brown Canc Ctr Louisville KY 40292 USA Univ Louisville Dept Bioinformat & Biostat Sch Publ Hlth & Informat Sci Louisville KY 40292 USA

Backgroundspatial analysis has been vital in mapping the spread of diseases and assisting in policy making. Targeting diarrhea transmission hotspots is one of the potential strategies for reducing diarrhea cases. This study aimed to examine the spatial-temporal variations and to identify the modifiable determinants of diarrhea while controlling for the spatial dependence in the *** ecological study on diarrhea data from DLHS-3 and NFHS- 4 in India. Moran's I and LISA were used to detect the spatial clustering of diarrhea cases and to test for clustering in the data. spatial regression was used to identify the modifiable factors associated with the prevalence of diarrhea. The study comprised of the prevalence of diarrhea among the children below the age of five years (U-5s) across different states in India. The determinants of diarrhea were obtained using spatial lag models. The software used were GeoDa 1.6.6 and QGIS *** presence of spatial autocorrelation in DLHS-3 and NFHS-4 (Moron's I=0.577 and 0.369 respectively) enforces the usage of geographical properties while modeling the diarrhea data. The geographic clustering of high-prevalence districts was observed in the state of UP consistently. The spatial pattern of the percentage of children with diarrhea was persistently associated with the household with a sanitation facility (%) (p=0.023 and p=0.011). Compared to the diarrhea cases in the period 2007-2008, no much reduction was observed in the period 2015-2016. The prevalence of diarrhea and percentage of household with sanitation were ranging between 0.1-33.8% and 1.3-96.1% in the period 2007-2008 and 0.6-29.1% and 10.4-92.0% in the period 2015-2016 respectively. The least and highest prevalence of diarrhea being consistently from Assam and UP *** improvements in controlling spread of diarrheal disease, the burden remains high. Focus on widespread diarrheal disease control strategy by addressing the social deter

关键词： Hotspot spatial regression spatial lag-model spatial error model India

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Population Characteristics of Voters: Evidence from the Czech Parliamentary Election

Population Characteristics of Voters: Evidence from the Czec...

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作者： Černý, Jakub Charles University of Prague

In 2017, nine political parties were elected into the Czech Parliament, which is the greatest number in the history of the country. This thesis analyses the voter turnout and results of particular parties, using aggregated data on the municipal level. The goal is to find a spectrum of variables that would un- cover connections between the population characteristics of voters and their decisions to vote and to choose a political party. The method of weighted least squares is used for estimation and the results are tested for the presence of spa- tial autocorrelation. Subsequently, a spatial error model is used for the same analysis in order to observe spatial effects in the voting results and provide a comparison between the methods. There is found a significant negative con- nection between the voter turnout and the share of people facing distraints, unemployment, and the share of people with no education. Concerning the election results, the parties ANO, SPD, and KSCM receive greater support in municipalities with greater unemployment and lower shares of businessmen and people with university education. On the other hand, the parties ODS, Pirati, and TOP 09 evince exactly the opposite trends in these explanatory variables. JEL Classification H70, I21, I30, J10, J11 Keywords voting behaviour, voter...

关键词： voting behaviour voter turnout spatial analysis parliamentary elections weighted least squares spatial error model Czech Republic

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Comparative analysis of residential patterns of foreigners from rich and poor countries in Seoul

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SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY 2019年 47卷 101470-000页

作者： Jeon, Gangeun Jung, Sanghoon Gachon Univ Dept Urban Planning Seongnam South Korea

As globalization proceeds, more people are migrating across borders, but in many cases, immigrants do not fully assimilate with the locals and tend to form residential clusters among themselves. Seoul is no exception to this trend. Foreigners there tend to show different residential patterns depending on their home countries' socioeconomic level. To investigate such differences, this paper divided foreigners in Seoul into two groups, those from rich countries and those from poor countries, according to their home countries' GDP per capita, using that of South Korea as a baseline, and identified their residential patterns using spatial statistical methods. To analyze the cause of their residential patterns and differences, spatial regression analysis was conducted. According to the results, the residential patterns of the two groups appeared to be different from each other. While foreigners from rich countries appear to be clustered in a relatively small area regardless of nationality, foreigners from poor countries are distributed relatively widely, with strong clusters based on each nationality. The factors that affect the residential pattern also appeared significantly different in each group. Through this analysis, we found that there is a clear difference in residential patterns among foreigners according to their home countries' socioeconomic level.

关键词： Residential pattern spatial segregation Ethnic enclaves Hot spot analysis spatial error model

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The impact of promoting renewable energy in Taiwan - How much hail is added to snow in farmland prices?

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JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION 2019年 241卷 118519-000页

作者： Lai, Mei-Chun Wu, Pei-Ing Liou, Je-Liang Chen, Yi Chen, Hanhui Tainan City Govt Agr Bur Sect Agr Land Management Engn Tainan Taiwan Natl Taiwan Univ Dept Agr Econ Taipei Taiwan Chung Hua Inst Econ Res Ctr Green Econ Taipei Taiwan Arboriculture & Landscape Management Off Yilan Taiwan Taiwan Sugar Corp Agr Management Div Tainan Taiwan

The purpose of this study is to first examine whether farmland prices are higher with renewable energy solar panel installation than without such installation. Second, we study whether farmland with solar panels has a different impact on the prices of other farmland at different distances. Finally, we ask whether the effect on farmland prices varies when the installed solar panel capacity of nearby farmland varies. The contribution of this study is that the impacts are evaluated in monetary terms regarding "not in my backyard" or "yes in my backyard" for farmland surrounded by solar panel installation. The results indicate that farmland with solar panel installation increases the prices of other farmland at different distances from 3.40% to 37.02% compared to the average farmland price. These results clearly show that "planting" solar panels increases farmland prices to different degrees for all divisions (districts) of the studied city except for one. However, higher farmland prices may not benefit current landowners if potential renters or buyers cannot afford to rent or purchase farmland at a high price. Thus, higher farmland prices due to the installation of renewable energy capacity neither benefit existing surrounding farmers nor are good for the agricultural development of the country. The implementation of renewable energy policies should not only focus on more than meeting the renewable energy target. Prioritizing locations and enforcement of the implementation should also be considered to maintain the long-term agricultural development of Taiwan. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Externality Geographic information system Renewable energy policy Solar panels spatial error model spatial lag model

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I'm still here Conditions of electoral success of the National Democratic Party of Germany in Saxon municipalities

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ZEITSCHRIFT FUR VERGLEICHENDE POLITIKWISSENSCHAFT 2018年第2期12卷 365-397页

作者： Melcher, Reinhold Wissensch Zentrum Berlin Sozialforsch WZB Abt Demokratie & Demokratisierung Reichpietschufer 50 D-10785 Berlin Germany Fernuniv Inst Polit Wissensch Lehrgebiet Polit Wissensch Staat & Regieren 1 Univ Str 33 D-58097 Hagen Germany

Owing to the rapid rise of the Alternative for Germany (AfD), the public and academia seldom turn their attention to the National Democratic Party of Germany (NPD) anymore. The fact that the NPD has maintained its electoral support and continues to be represented at the municipal level is frequently neglected, however. This does not apply to the same extent to all municipalities, though. Based on a most-similar-case-design, the article analyzes the conditions of the NPD's electoral success in Saxon municipalities in the 2013 German federal elections. Using macro data on 438 Saxon municipalities and applying spatial errors models, the analysis tests 14 hypotheses. These hypotheses were derived from three groups of factors: cultural demand-side, materialistic demand-side and internal supply-side variables. The results indicate that cultural factors have the strongest impact on the NPD's electoral success in Saxon municipalities, whereas the effect size of materialistic factors is conditioned by other variables. Overall, the findings illustrate that the NPD largely benefits from favorable contextual conditions at the municipal level. The party's ability to influence its electoral success itself are limited, however.

关键词： Right-wing extremist parties NPD National Democratic Party of Germany Electoral success Saxony Municipalities spatial error model

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Influence of neighborhood types on trip distances: spatial error models for Central Ohio

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTATION 2016年第3期10卷 284-293页

作者： Akar, Gulsah Chen, Na Gordon, Steven I. Ohio State Univ Knowlton Sch Architecture 275 West Woodruff Ave Columbus OH 43210 USA Ohio Supercomp Ctr Columbus OH USA

This study examines the relationships between land-use, transportation infrastructure, household, and individual characteristics and the resulting average and daily trip distances using data from the 1999 Mid-Ohio Area Household Travel Survey. spatial error models are developed to analyze the determinants of average and daily trip distances at the person level. First, new neighborhood categories are created using K-means cluster analysis and several land-use and built-environment variables. Then, these new neighborhood categories (such as central city residential areas, medium-density suburbs, low-density suburbs, etc.) are used as independent variables to explain the resulting average and total trip distances, while controlling for sociodemographics, access to transit and bicycle facilities, and spatial autocorrelation. The results indicate that the residential location characteristics are a significant factor in explaining trip distances;people who live in areas that are away from urban centers and with a low mix of employment and population travel longer distances. For the Central Ohio Region, residing in lowest-density suburbs may add up to 44% to average trip distances and 33% to daily trip distances.

关键词： K-means cluster analysis neighborhood clusters spatial autocorrelation spatial error model travel distance

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spatial panel-data models using Stata

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STATA JOURNAL 2017年第1期17卷 139-180页

作者： Belotti, Federico Hughes, Gordon Mortari, Andrea Piano Univ Roma Tor Vergata Ctr Econ & Int Studies Rome Italy Univ Edinburgh Sch Econ Econ Edinburgh Midlothian Scotland

xsmle is a new user-written command for spatial analysis. We consider the quasi maximum likelihood estimation of a wide set of both fixed-and random-effects spatial models for balanced panel data. xsmle allows users to handle unbalanced panels using its full compatibility with the mi suite of commands, use spatial weight matrices in the form of both Stata matrices and spmat objects, compute direct, indirect, and total marginal effects and related standard errors for linear (in variables) specifications, and exploit a wide range of postestimation features, including the panel-data case predictors of Kelejian and Prucha (2007, Regional Science and Urban Economics 37: 363-374). Moreover, xsmle allows the use of margins to compute total marginal effects in the presence of nonlinear specifications obtained using factor variables. In this article, we describe the command and all of its functionalities using simulated and real data.

关键词： st0470 xsmle spatial analysis spatial autocorrelation model spatial autoregressive model spatial Durbin model spatial error model generalized spatial panel random-effects model panel data maximum likelihood estimation

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