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Multiuser Detection in Massive spatial modulation MIMO With Low-Resolution ADCs

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS 2015年第4期14卷 2156-2168页

作者： Wang, Shengchu Li, Yunzhou Wang, Jing Tsinghua Univ Dept Elect Engn Beijing 100084 Peoples R China Tsinghua Univ Wireless & Mobile Commun R&D Ctr Beijing 100084 Peoples R China

In this paper, we research the multiuser detection (MUD) in a new spatial modulation Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (SM-MIMO) system, whose Base Station (BS) is equipped with massive Radio-Frequency (RF) chains with low-resolution Analog-to-Digital Convertors (ADCs), and the User Equipments (UEs) have multiple Transmit Antennas (TAs) but single RF chain. In the uplink, UEs transmit their data by the Cyclic-Prefix Single-Carrier (CP-SC) SM technique. The key is how to design practical MU detectors to handle the severely quantized measurements and antenna correlations. Coherent detection is focused, so a Least-Square (LS) channel estimator is designed to acquire the the channel side information (CSI) at the Receiver (CSIR). Then, we firstly solve the MUD problem by the Sum-Product-Algorithm (SPA) on a clustered factor graph (FG) whose variable nodes correspond to the transmitted vectors from the UEs. Next, based on the Central Limit Theorem (CLT) and Taylor expansions, the SPA detector (SPAD) is simplified as a new low-complexity Message Passing De-Quantization Detector (MPDQD), which exploits both the structured sparsity and prior probability distribution of the transmitted signal. By utilizing the clustering technique, damping mechanism, and Analog spatial Filtering (ASF), the robustness of MPDQD is improved significantly. Simulation results show that MPDQD outperforms the linear detectors, works steadily under strong channel correlations, and even performs similarly as its counterpart in the un-quantized SM-MIMO.

关键词： Analog spatial filtering massive MIMO low-resolution ADC message passing de-quantization multiuser detection spatial modulation structured sparsity

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Enhanced spatial modulation With Multiple Signal Constellations

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 2015年第6期63卷 2237-2248页

作者： Cheng, Chien-Chun Sari, Hikmet Sezginer, Serdar Su, Yu T. Cent Supelec Dept Telecommun F-91190 Gif Sur Yvette France Natl Chiao Tung Univ Dept Elect Engn Hsinchu 30056 Taiwan SEQUANS Commun F-92700 Colombes France

In this paper, we introduce a new spatial modulation (SM) technique using one or two active antennas and multiple signal constellations. The proposed technique, which we refer to as Enhanced SM or ESM, conveys information bits not only by the index(es) of the active antenna(s), but also by the constellations transmitted from each of them. The main feature of ESM is that it uses a primary signal constellation during the single active antenna periods and some other secondary constellations during the periods with two active transmit antennas. The secondary signal constellations are derived from the primary constellation by means of geometric interpolation in the signal space. We give design examples using two and four transmit antennas and QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM as primary modulations. The proposed technique is compared to conventional SM as well as to spatial multiplexing (SMX), and the results indicate that in most cases, ESM provides a substantial performance gain over conventional SM and SMX while reducing the maximum-likelihood (ML) decoder complexity.

关键词： MIMO system spatial modulation

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Differential-Detection Aided Large-Scale Generalized spatial modulation is Capable of Operating in High-Mobility Millimeter-Wave Channels

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IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN SIGNAL PROCESSING 2019年第6期13卷 1360-1374页

作者： Ishikawa, Naoki Rajashekar, Rakshith Xu, Chao El-Hajjar, Mohammed Sugiura, Shinya Yang, Lie-Liang Hanzo, Lajos Hiroshima City Univ Grad Sch Informat Sci Hiroshima 7313194 Japan Univ Southampton Sch Elect & Comp Sci Southampton SO17 1BJ Hants England Univ Tokyo Inst Ind Sci Tokyo 1538505 Japan

A large-scale differential-detection aided generalized spatial modulation (GSM) system is proposed, which relies on a novel Gram-Schmidt basis set and an adaptive low-complexity detector, and is evidently suitable for high-mobility millimeter-wave (mmWave) channels. We consider nonstationary time-varying mmWave channels and assume that the beam-angles remain relatively fixed, while the channel coefficients vary rapidly. In this scenario, it is a challenging task to find the accurate estimates of channel coefficients for digital beamforming, which becomes an even more severe problem, as the numbers of subarrays and subcarriers increase. Our analog-beamforming-aided nonsquare differentially detected scheme achieves a higher transmission rate than the conventional coherent multiple-input multiple-output schemes because the pilot overhead and the complex-valued feedback are eliminated. Our simulation results following the IEEE 802.11ad specifications show that the performance of our proposed nonsquare differential GSM improved upon increasing the number of subarrays, where the maximum transmission rate of 16 b/s/Hz was considered.

关键词： MIMO OFDM millimeter-wave communications index modulation spatial multiplexing spatial modulation differential modulation differential spatial modulation differential space-time block codes

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Differentially-Encoded Rectangular spatial modulation Approaches the Performance of Its Coherent Counterpart

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 2020年第12期68卷 7593-7607页

作者： Xiao, Lixia Xiao, Pei Ruan, Hang Ishikawa, Naoki Lu, Lei Xiao, Yue Hanzo, Lajos Univ Surrey 5G Innovat Ctr Guildford GU2 7XH Surrey England Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Wuhan Natl Lab Optoelect Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China Yokohama Natl Univ Fac Engn Yokohama Kanagawa 2408501 Japan Shanghai Huawei Technol Wireless Network RAN Res Dept Shanghai 200121 Peoples R China Univ Elect Sci & Technol China Natl Key Lab Sci & Technol Commun Chengdu 611731 Peoples R China Univ Southampton Sch Elect & Comp Sci Southampton SO17 1BJ Hants England

A simplified rectangular differential spatial modulation (S-RDSM) scheme is conceived for massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems dispensing with the channel state information (CSI). In the proposed S-RDSM scheme, the information bits are first mapped to a conventional SM symbol and then rectangular differential encoding is invoked between a pair of SM symbols. Then a non-coherent detector relying on a forgetting factor is developed, which requires no CSI at the receiver. Explicitly, a low-complexity hard limited maximum likelihood (HL-ML) detector is conceived for our generalized S-RDSM scheme, which is characterized by our theoretical analysis. Furthermore, we derive the optimal forgetting factor in closed form, which is capable of significantly reducing the complexity of the associated optimization. Finally, the upper bounds of the average bit error probability (ABEP) are derived using the moment generating function (MGF), and are validated by our simulation results. Both the theoretical and simulation results have shown that the proposed S-RDSM system outperforms the existing non-coherent schemes, despite operating at 10% of the benchmarker's complexity, whilst approaching the performance of its coherent SM counterpart at a comparable complexity.

关键词： MIMO communication Complexity theory Encoding Detectors modulation Simulation Electronic mail Rectangular differential spatial modulation spatial modulation average bit error probability maximum likelihood

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Downlink Macro-diversity Precoding-aided spatial modulation

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JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS 2018年第1期20卷 20-28页

作者： Mohaisen, Manar Pruks, Vitalii Korea Tech Dept Elect Elect & Commun Engn Cheonan South Korea

In this paper, a downlink macro-diversity precodingaided spatial modulation (MD-PSM) scheme is proposed, in which two base stations (BSs) communicate simultaneously with a single mobile station (MS). As such, the proposed scheme achieved twice the spectral efficiency of the conventional PSM scheme. To render the demodulation possible, the two signal constellation sets used at the two BSs should be disjoint. Also, since the two BSs use the same spatial dimension, i.e., indices of receive antennas, the Minkowski sum of the two constellation sets should include unrepeated symbols. This is achieved through rotating the constellation set used by the second BS, where the error rate is also minimized. After obtaining the optimal rotation angles for several scenarios, a reduced complexity maximum-likelihood receiver is introduced. For an equal number of transmit and receive antennas of 4 and at a target bit error rate (BER) of 10(-4), the simulation results show that the proposed MD-PSM scheme outperforms the conventional PSM by about 17.3 dB and 12.4 dB while achieving the same and double the spectral efficiency, respectively. Also, due to the distributed nature of MD-PSM, it is shown that the diversity order of the novel MD-PSM scheme is twice that of the conventional PSM.

关键词： Macro-diversity maximum-likelihood detection multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) precoding MIMO spatial modulation

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Power allocation for AF relaying aided spatial modulation in the presence of imperfect channel state information

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS 2019年第12期106卷 2019-2038页

作者： Pan, Qing Yu, Xiangbin Hu, Yaping Liu, Tao Nanjing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut Coll Elect & Informat Engn Nanjing 210016 Jiangsu Peoples R China Southeast Univ Natl Mobile Commun Res Lab Nanjing Jiangsu Peoples R China

By combining spatial modulation (SM) with cooperative communication, the diversity gain brought by cooperative relaying and high rate of SM can be obtained. In this paper, considering amplify-and-forward (AF) protocol, the performance of cooperative SM system with imperfect channel state information (CSI) over Rayleigh channel is analyzed. According to the performance analysis, the moment generating functions (MGFs) of effective signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) are derived. With the MGFs, closed-form expressions of the error probability of antenna index detection and the error probability of symbol detection for imperfect CSI are achieved. Thereby, the approximate overall average bit error ratio (BER) is obtained, and these theoretical expressions include those under perfect CSI as special cases. Besides, the asymptotically approximate BER for large SNR is also derived. Based on this, a suboptimal power allocation (PA) scheme is developed, and the corresponding PA coefficients are attained by minimizing the asymptotical BER. As a result, closed-form PA can be attained for the system with multiple receive antennas. Computer simulations show that the theoretical BERs are close to the corresponding simulated results, which illustrates the effectiveness of the derived theoretical expressions. Compared with the conventional equal PA scheme, the proposed PA scheme enhances the BER performance efficiently.

关键词： Amplify-and-forward bit error rate imperfect channel state information power allocation spatial modulation

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Mutual Information Analysis on spatial modulation Multiple Antenna System

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 2015年第3期63卷 826-843页

作者： An, Zhecheng Wang, Jun Wang, Jintao Huang, Su Song, Jian Tsinghua Univ Dept Elect Engn Tsinghua Natl Lab Informat Sci & Technol TNList Beijing 100084 Peoples R China Natl Engn Lab DTV Beijing 100191 Peoples R China Shenzhen City Key Lab Digital TV Syst Shenzhen 518057 Peoples R China

spatial modulation (SM) is a recently proposed multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) architecture that exploits the space domain for information transmission. In this paper, SM systems with continuous amplitude-phase modulation (APM) and the corresponding maximum likelihood (ML) active transmit antenna detector are considered. We introduced a method to compute the theoretical transition probability matrix and the mutual information of the ML antenna detector. For SM multiple-input single-output (MISO) system, we derive the error probability and the mutual information of the antenna detector in closed-form. For multiple receive antenna SM system, the union bound of error probability and the lower bound of antenna detection mutual information are proposed. The analytical results are verified by numerical simulation over Rayleigh fading channels. We investigate systems with different number of antennas and APM symbol input distributions to evaluate the performance of SM. The joint APM and antenna detection mutual information of SM systems is compared to the capacity of vertical Bell Labs layered space-time (V-BLAST) spatial multiplexing MIMO scheme. Our research gives achievable transmission rates of SM-MISO/MIMO systems and can be a guideline for suitable application scenarios.

关键词： spatial modulation multiple antenna system mutual information symbol error probability union bound

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Performance of Optical spatial modulation in Indoor Multipath Channel

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS 2018年第9期17卷 6042-6052页

作者： Olanrewaju, Hammed G. Thompson, John Popoola, Wasiu O. Univ Edinburgh Inst Digital Commun Sch Engn LiFi Res & Dev Ctr Edinburgh EH9 3JL Midlothian Scotland

In this paper, the performance of optical spatial modulation (OSM) in the indoor multipath optical wireless channel is investigated. Multipath propagation of the transmitted signal results in the temporal dispersion which causes intersymbol interference (ISI) especially in high-speed communications. The OSM schemes have been investigated in line-of-sight (LOS) channels. However, given the recent trend in Gigabits/s communication, there is a need to investigate the impact of the neglected higher-order reflections. Two variants of OSM are explored as case studies: optical space shift keying and spatial pulse position modulation. The multipath-induced ISI is modeled to account for the spreading of the transmitted signal, and the analytical upper bound on the symbol error rate of both OSM schemes in the multipath channel is derived. The derived analytical bounds are validated by closely matching simulation results. Furthermore, using the spatial distributions of the multipath-induced power penalty, the LOS channel response and the delay spread across the room, we demonstrate how the interaction between these parameters impacts error performance. Multipath-induced ISI has a significant adverse impact on the performance of OSM schemes, particularly on the detection of the activated transmitter as the incurred ISI can alter the channel gain of the received symbol.

关键词： Wireless optical communication spatial modulation multipath intersymbol interference optical MIMO

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On the Achievable Rate of Generalized spatial modulation Using Multiplexing Under a Gaussian Mixture Model

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 2016年第4期64卷 1588-1599页

作者： Ibrahim, Ahmad A. I. Kim, Taejoon Love, David J. Purdue Univ Sch Elect & Comp Engn W Lafayette IN 47906 USA Cairo Univ Fac Engn Dept Engn Math & Phys Giza 12211 Egypt City Univ Hong Kong Dept Elect Engn Kowloon Hong Kong Peoples R China Purdue Univ Sch Elect & Comp Engn W Lafayette IN 47906 USA

spatial modulation (SM) is a new modulation technique where the information to be sent is encoded using one or more symbols and the subspace over which the symbols are transmitted. Unfortunately, a general capacity analysis that encompasses different forms of SM systems has not been developed. In this paper, we consider a general form of SM, where the number of transmitted data streams is allowed to vary. We refer to this form of SM as generalized spatial modulation with multiplexing (GSMM). A Gaussian mixture model (GMM) is shown to accurately model the transmitted spatially modulated signal using a precoding framework. Using this transmit model, a closed-form expression for the achievable rate when operating over Rayleigh fading channels is evaluated, and tight upper and lower bounds for the achievable rate are proposed. The expressions of the achievable rate obtained are flexible enough to accommodate any form of SM-where any subspace can be used for the transmission-by adjusting the precoding set. Simulations are presented to show the tightness of the proposed bounds. The effect of the system dimensions and a comparison with other prominent capacity results are also demonstrated in simulations.

关键词： Achievable rate spatial modulation Gaussian mixture model mutual information precoding

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Joint Transmitter-Receiver spatial modulation

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IEEE ACCESS 2018年 6卷 6411-6423页

作者： Liu, Chaowen Yang, Lie-Liang Wang, Wenjie Wang, Fasong Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Minist Educ Key Lab Intelligent Networks & Network Secur Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China Univ Southampton Sch Elect & Comp Sci Southampton SO17 1BJ Hants England Zhengzhou Univ Sch Informat Engn Zhengzhou 450001 Henan Peoples R China

We propose and investigate a joint transmitter - receiver spatial modulation (JSM) scheme, which transmits information by jointly exploiting the indices of transmit antenna patterns, the indices of receiver antennas, and amplitude - phase modulation. The proposed JSM is capable of simultaneously achieving transmit diversity, receive diversity, and multiplexing gain. In order to facilitate the implementation of the JSM with different reliability-complexity tradeoff, two types of detectors are introduced, which are the maximum-likelihood detection (MLD) and the proposed sub-optimal detection (SOD), including a two-stage SOD and a three-stage SOD. In order to gain insight into the characteristics of the JSM, we analyze the approximate and asymptotic average bit error probability of the JSM systems employing MLD, when regular-scale and large-scale JSM systems are, respectively, considered. Finally, the performance of the JSM systems is investigated with the aid of both simulation and numerical evaluation of our derived formulas. Our studies show that the JSM employs a high flexibility for implementation and online configuration, so as to adapt to the communications environments and to attain the best possible performance.

关键词： Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) spatial modulation transmitter preprocessing signal detection average bit error probability asymptotic analysis

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