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Territorial vulnerability to natural hazards in Europe: a composite indicator analysis and relation to economic impacts

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NATURAL HAZARDS 2023年 1-25页

作者： Navarro, Daniel Cantergiani, Carolina Abajo, Benat de Salazar, Izaskun Gomez Feliu, Efren Tecnalia Basque Res & Technol Alliance BRTA Edificio 700Parque Cientif & Tecnol Bizkaia Derio 48160 Spain Univ Basque Country Leioa Spain

This article presents an assessment of territorial vulnerability to natural hazards in Europe at the regional level (NUTS3). The novelty of the study lies in assessing vulnerability to natural hazards through a composite indicator analysis over a large extension (1395 territories in 32 different countries), and in analysing the relation between vulnerability and economic impacts of past disasters. For responding to the first goal, a principal component analysis (PCA) was performed over 25 indicators, previously grouped into susceptibility and coping capacity, and subsequently combined to obtain the final vulnerability. The main result is the spatial distribution of vulnerability to natural hazards across Europe through a normalised and comparative approach, which indicates that 288 out of 1395 regions presented a high or a very high level of vulnerability. They are concentrated in Eastern and Southern Europe, and in the Baltic Region, and the sum of their population lives in territories with high or very high vulnerability level, representing 20% of the total sample, i.e. 116 out of 528 million inhabitants. Regarding the methodology for analysing the relation between vulnerability and economic impacts, a spatial regression model has been used to combine hazard, exposure and vulnerability. The outcomes indicate a high level of agreement between vulnerability and the distribution of past economic impacts, which confirm that the indicator-based approach is a good proxy for assessing vulnerability to natural hazards. Knowing the distribution of vulnerability is of high relevance for targeting disaster risk management and climate change adaptation actions to the highest priority regions.

关键词： Europe Natural hazards NUTS3 PCA spatial regression model Vulnerability

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Examining the Heterogeneity of Geographical and Social Equity of Urban Green Space Exposure at Overhead and Eye Levels

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景观设计学(中英文) 2025年第1期13卷 13-33页

作者： Yingyi CHENG Zhaowu YU Jinguang ZHANG Yuting GAO(TRANSLATED) College of Landscape Architecture Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China 不详

Enhancing green space exposure is a crucial strategy for proactively intervening in public health from an upstream ***,the distribution of green spaces in urban areas is often uneven,leading to issues such as“green inequity.”This study aims to systematically assess the level of green space exposure at overhead and eye levels,analyze the geographical and social equity of green space exposure,and propose planning and regulatory *** on Nanjing as the study area,the research team first constructed a green space exposure assessment system based on the composition and configuration of urban green spaces at the overhead level,and the quantity and perceived quality of street green space at the eye level,assessing the geographical equity of green space ***,by selecting housing price as a socio-economic indicator,the research used various spatial regression models to analyze the spatial correlation between green space exposure and housing price,evaluating the social equity of green space *** research finds 1)significant imbalances in both the geographical and social equity of green space exposure within the study area;2)the spatial correlation between eye-level green space exposure indicators and housing price ranges from 0.08 to 0.29,generally higher than that at overhead level(ranging from 0.02 to 0.13);3)significant heterogeneity in the spatial correlation between green space exposure and housing price,with people in higher-priced housing being more likely to benefit from green space *** results can accurately identify blind spots in green space exposure and imbalance areas between green space supply and socio-economic status,providing guidance for“scientific greening,”and further promoting empirical studies in Exposure Ecology.

关键词： Exposure Ecology Green Space Exposure Urban Green Spaces Geographical Equity Social Equity spatial regression model

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Towards an infrastructure approach: The interactive relationship between spatial distribution of hospitals and urbanization in Chinese major cities

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APPLIED GEOGRAPHY 2025年 178卷

作者： Shan, Lu Yan, Xiang He, Shenjing Tongji Univ Coll Architecture & Urban Planning 1239 Siping Rd Shanghai 200092 Peoples R China Sichuan Univ Inst Urbanizat Strategy & Architecture Res Coll Architecture & Environm Chengdu Peoples R China Univ Hong Kong Urban Syst Inst Dept Urban Planning & Design Hong Kong Peoples R China Univ Hong Kong Social Infrastruct Equ & Wellbeing Lab Hong Kong Peoples R China

The uneven distribution of healthcare resources has emerged as a prominent concern in healthy city development globally. However, extant research mainly follows an amenity approach that merely regards hospitals as passive spatial carriers of healthcare services and rarely considers them as an integral part of the urbanization processes, overlooking the interactive relation between hospitals and urbanization and their implications for the supplyside healthcare inequalities. This study introduces a hospital-city nexus framework highlighting hospitals as crucial infrastructure for urban development, and incorporates open big data and statistical data to examine the interactive relationship between hospital clustering and urban structures across 36 major Chinese cities. The study identifies prevalent hospital clustering in China, characterized by specific morphology, land use, and institutional composition. Higher hospital clustering occurs in cities with low financial capacity, low per capita income, and advanced medical technologies. Land use and locational attributes are key factors in hospital clustering, while transport services play a lesser role. Hospital clustering is positively associated with nearby housing values, but the relationship with population density and aging are diverse. Highlighting the hospital-city nexus, this study enhances the supply-side understanding of the uneven spatial distribution of hospitals, informing relevant healthcare policy and urban planning.

关键词： Hospital spatial clustering Multidimensional urban structures Infrastructure approach Multilevel regression model spatial regression model

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Evaluating recent methods to overcome spatial confounding

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REVISTA MATEMATICA COMPLUTENSE 2023年第2期36卷 333-360页

作者： Urdangarin, Arantxa Goicoa, Tomas Ugarte, Maria Dolores Univ Publ Navarra Dept Stat Comp Sci & Math Pamplona Navarre Spain Univ Publ Navarra Inst Adv Mat & Math INAMAT2 Pamplona Navarre Spain IdisNA Inst Hlth Res Pamplona Navarre Spain

The concept of spatial confounding is closely connected to spatial regression, although no general definition has been established. A generally accepted idea of spatial confounding in spatial regression models is the change in fixed effects estimates that may occur when spatially correlated random effects collinear with the covariate are included in the model. Different methods have been proposed to alleviate spatial confounding in spatial linear regression models, but it is not clear if they provide correct fixed effects estimates. In this article, we consider some of those proposals to alleviate spatial confounding such as restricted regression, the spatial+ model, and transformed Gaussian Markov random fields. The objective is to determine which one provides the best estimates of the fixed effects. Dowry death data in Uttar Pradesh in 2001, stomach cancer incidence data in Slovenia in the period 1995-2001 and lip cancer incidence data in Scotland between the years 1975-1980 are analyzed. Several simulation studies are conducted to evaluate the performance of the methods in different scenarios of spatial confounding. Results reflect that the spatial+ method seems to provide fixed effects estimates closest to the true value although standard errors could be inflated.

关键词： spatial confounding spatial regression model spatial plus Transformed Gaussian Markov random field

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A framework for quantifying the resilience of urban agglomeration under multidimensional association rule

SUSTAINABLE FUTURES

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SUSTAINABLE FUTURES 2025年 9卷

作者： Wang, Xinran Xu, Shan Wang, Yichen Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Publ Policy & Adm Xian 710049 Peoples R China Yanshan Univ Sch Civil Engn & Mech Qinhuangdao 066004 Peoples R China

The concept of urban resilience has inspired new approaches to urban disaster prevention and mitigation. However, gaps remain in the assessment of resilience and in understanding the interrelationships within Urban Resilience System (URS). This study introduces a Resilience Location Quotient (RLQ) method which integrates ecological, economic, social, and infrastructural dimensions into a unified framework for assessing urban resilience. Three provinces of the Bohai Rim region are used as the study area. The study deconstructs the URS and employs spatial analysis methods to explore the spatial correlation mechanism within this area. The findings reveal several key insights: (1) The optimal distance thresholds differ across the various resilience dimensions. (2) There are negative spatial correlations between ecological resilience and the other dimensions. (3) Ecological resilience exhibits a positive spatial spillover effect. However, increases in economic and infrastructural resilience adversely affect it. This research contributes an innovative urban resilience assessment framework, offering a new perspective on quantifying resilience levels, identifying developmental gaps, and analyzing spatial associations. The framework also serves as a transferable tool to facilitate coordinated resilience development in urban clusters, providing actionable propositions for resilience-oriented urban planning.

关键词： Urban resilience Location quotient spatial correlation spatial regression model Spillover effects

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The Impact of Digital Divide on the Level of High-Quality Economic Development: Evidence from China-ASEAN

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JOURNAL OF THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY 2024年 1-15页

作者： Li, Li Dou, Yifan Cao, Xin Ding, Wenli Yunnan Normal Univ Pan Asia Business Sch Kunming Peoples R China Kunming Univ Sch Econ & Management Kunming 650214 Peoples R China

In this paper, we provide an empirical analysis of the impact of the digital divide on the level of high-quality economic development in ASEAN. We find that digital divide hinders the level of high-quality economic development. Further research indicates that the level of financial cooperation can better weaken the negative impact of the digital divide on the high-quality economic development of countries. At the same time, we obtain that the digital divide with neighboring countries will affect the level of high-quality economic development in neighboring countries.

关键词： Digital divide The level of high-quality economic development Financial cooperation spatial regression model China-ASEAN F00 O10 O53

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spatial regression analysis of political gender gap in Japan

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ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF REGIONAL SCIENCE 2024年第4期8卷 1163-1184页

作者： Kuromiya, Kenichi Nagoya Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Furo ChoChikusa Ku Nagoya Aichi 4648601 Japan

Internationally, it has been repeatedly pointed out that the proportion of female members in the Diet and the local assemblies is extremely low in Japan. This is called a political gender gap. We analyzed the relationships between socioeconomic indicators and this political gender gap, and underlying causes using several spatial regression models. Prefectures are geographically connected;so, they can influence each other. Therefore, we incorporated geographical relationships between prefectures into the model. We found that a high proportion of women in a particular prefectural assembly was associated with a low proportion of women in adjacent prefectural assemblies. Thus, competition and repulsion exist between the adjacent prefectural assemblies. Furthermore, several series of analyses using spatial regression models showed that the impact of the political gender gap in a particular prefecture spread to adjacent prefectures, but not further. We found that considering prefectural spatial autocorrelations was important while examining the political gender gap, and previous studies that did not consider spatial autocorrelation might have been biased. However, here we were able to better explain the background of real-world phenomena occurring in the real world by applying spatial regression models.

关键词： Political gender gap Socioeconomic characteristics spatial regression model Maximum likelihood Spillover effect C13 C21 H44 H73

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The Impact of Regional Patent Policies on University Technology Transfer: Empirical Evidence from China

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JOURNAL OF THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY 2024年第4期15卷 18770-18796页

作者： Gu, Jiafeng Peking Univ Inst Social Sci Survey Room 445 Sci Bldg 5 5 Yiheyuan Rd Beijing 100871 Peoples R China

The low commercialization rate of academic patents is a common challenge for developing countries. This study evaluates the impact of provincial policies on the commercialization of academic patents using spatial regression models and propensity score matching methods. It also provides a reference for optimizing university patent management. Considering provincial patent policies enacted in China in 2016 as the treatment, the results show no significant effect of provincial patent policies on rights definition and implementation economics on the commercialization of academic patents. However, promotion standard policies have a significant positive effect on the commercialization of academic patents. A significant negative spatial spillover effect is observed on the commercialization of academic patents among universities with similar innovation capabilities. Furthermore, non-geographic distances, such as innovation distance, positively affect competition among universities and their commercialization of academic patents. Therefore, local governments should consider the needs of academic inventors for title promotion when designing and introducing patent incentive policies for universities.

关键词： Patent policies Commercialization of academic patents spatial regression model Innovation distance China

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How does financial development alleviate pollutant emissions in China? A spatial regression analysis

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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022年第37期29卷 55651-55665页

作者： Wang, Xing Zhou, Dequn Telli, Sahin Nanjing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut Coll Econ & Management Nanjing 211106 Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut Res Ctr Soft Energy Sci Nanjing 211106 Peoples R China

Assessing the environmental effects of financial development has an important theoretical and practical reference for the government to achieve the goal of sustainable development. Financial development is affected dramatically by the real economy and typically shows nonlinear characteristics. This study aims to investigate the nonlinearity between financial development and pollutant emissions while considering the various stages of financial development among regions. Also, the spatial transmission mechanism between financial development and pollutant emissions is analyzed theoretically. Industrial sulfur dioxide (SO2) and solid waste (SW) emissions are used to quantify pollutant emissions in China. The results show a positive spatial spillover effect on pollutant emissions across various regions. Moreover, a region's pollutant emissions can be influenced by the financial development of its surrounding regions, suggesting that financial development reduces SO2 emissions in a particular region, but it significantly increases SO2 emissions in surrounding regions, indicating a strong spillover effect. However, financial development significantly decreases SW emissions of a particular region but does not exert a significant impact on its surrounding regions, implying a weak spillover effect. Our results reveal that whereas the relationship of financial development with SO2 and SW emissions shows a significant U-shaped pattern, that of economic growth exhibit a significant inverted U-shaped pattern. The investigation can help in designing appropriate environmental policies for promoting financial development.

关键词： Financial development Pollutant emissions spatial regression model spatial autocorrelation

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Influence of educational and cultural facilities on apartment prices by size in Seoul: do residents' preferred facilities influence the housing market?

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HOUSING STUDIES 2023年第5期38卷 814-840页

作者： Sung, Minki Ki, Junghoon Univ Durham Dept Archeol Durham England Myongji Univ Dept Publ Adm Seoul South Korea

This study uses spatial regression to assess the value of educational and cultural facilities as reflected in apartment prices in Seoul, at district and subdistrict levels. In the district-level analysis, regardless of the spatial unit and apartment size, private academies, museums, or art museums positively influence price, while historical sites and park areas negatively influence it. At the subdistrict level, effects differ by apartment size. The study finds that merely providing housing is insufficient for the success of housing policies. Instead, fulfilling residents' needs and preferences regarding public facilities, especially according to their life stage and thereby contributing to housing policies, will help develop desirable living environments for all.

关键词： Apartment price by size resident demographics educational facilities cultural facilities spatial regression model

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