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The Hippocampus Encodes Distances in Multidimensional Feature Space

CURRENT BIOLOGY 2019年第7期29卷 1226-+页

作者： Theves, Stephanie Fernandez, Guillen Doeller, Christian F. Radboud Univ Nijmegen Donders Inst Brain Cognit & Behav Nijmegen Netherlands Radboud Univ Nijmegen Med Ctr Nijmegen Netherlands Max Planck Inst Human Cognit & Brain Sci Leipzig Germany Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol NTNU Egil & Pauline Braathen & Fred Kavli Ctr Cort Mic Kavli Inst Syst NeurosciCtr Neural Computat Trondheim Norway

The hippocampal formation encodes maps of the physical environment [1-5]. A key question in neuroscience is whether its spatial coding principles also provide a universal metric for the organization of non-spatial information. Initial evidence comes from studies revealing directional modulation of fMRI responses in humans [6, 7] during navigation through abstract spaces and the involvement of place and grid cells in encoding of non-spatial feature dimensions [8]. However, a critical feature of a map-like representation is information about distances between locations, which has yet only been demonstrated for physical space [4, 9]. Here, we probe whether the hippocampus similarly encodes distances between points in an abstract space spanned by continuous stimulus-feature dimensions that were relevant to the acquisition of a novel concept. We find that, after learning, two-dimensional distances between individual positions in the abstract space were represented in the hippocampal multivoxel pattern as well as in the univariate hippocampal signal as indexed by fMRI adaptation. These results support the notion that the hippocampus computes domain-general, multidimensional cognitive maps along continuous dimensions.

关键词： cognitive geometry cognitive map conceptual knowledge spatial coding

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ADAPTIVE spatial-SCALE-AWARE DEEP CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK FOR HIGH-RESOLUTION REMOTE SENSING IMAGERY SCENE CLASSIFICATION 38

ADAPTIVE SPATIAL-SCALE-AWARE DEEP CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWO...

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38th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)

作者： Han, Wei Feng, Ruyi Wang, Lizhe Gao, Lang China Univ Geosci Sch Comp Sci Wuhan 430074 Hubei Peoples R China China Univ Geosci Hubei Key Lab Intelligent Geoinformat Proc Wuhan 430074 Hubei Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781538671504

High-resolution remote sensing (HRRS) scene classification plays an important role in numerous applications. During the past few decades, a lot of remarkable efforts have been made to develop various methods for HRRS scene classification. In this paper, focusing on the problems of complex context relationship and large differences of object scale in HRRS scene images, we propose a deep CNN-based scene classification method, which not only enables to enhance the ability of spatial representation, but adaptively recalibrates channel-wise feature responses to suppress useless feature channels. We evaluated the proposed method on a publicly large-scale dataset with several state-of-the-art convolutional neural network (CNN) models. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is effective to extract high-level category features for HRRS scene classification.

关键词： Weight-Adptive spatial coding Deep Learning Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) High-Resolution Remote Sensing Scene Classification

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Tactile Treasure Map: Integrating Allocentric and Egocentric Information for Tactile Guidance 2nd

Tactile Treasure Map: Integrating Allocentric and Egocentric...

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2nd International Conference on AsiaHaptics

作者： Memeo, Mariacarla de Jesus Oliveira, Victor Adriel Nedel, Luciana Maciel, Anderson Brayda, Luca Fdn Ist Italiano Tecnol IIT RBCS Genoa Italy Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul INF Porto Alegre RS Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9789811041570;9789811041563

With interactive maps a person can manage to find the way from one point to another, using an allocentric perspective (e. g. Google Maps), but also looking at a location as from the inside of the map with an egocentric perspective (e. g. Google StreetView). Such experience cannot be performed with tactile maps, mostly explored from a top-view. To solve this, we built a system with two different but complementary devices. When coupled, they can provide both allocentric and egocentric spatial information to support the exploration of interactive tactile maps. To show the potential of the system, we built a blind treasure hunt.

关键词： Haptics Tactile guidance spatial coding Assistive technology Tactile mouse Vibrotactile head-mounted display

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Effects of visual cue and response assignment on spatial stimulus coding in stimulus-response compatibility

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QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2012年第1期65卷 55-72页

作者： Nishimura, Akio Yokosawa, Kazuhiko Univ Tokyo Grad Sch Humanities & Sociol Dept Psychol Bunkyo Ku Tokyo 1130033 Japan

Tlauka and McKenna (2000) reported a reversal of the traditional stimulus-response compatibility (SRC) effect (faster responding to a stimulus presented on the same side than to one on the opposite side) when the stimulus appearing on one side of a display is a member of a superordinate unit that is largely on the opposite side. We investigated the effects of a visual cue that explicitly shows a superordinate unit, and of assignment of multiple stimuli within each superordinate unit to one response, on the SRC effect based on superordinate unit position. Three experiments revealed that stimulus-response assignment is critical, while the visual cue plays a minor role, in eliciting the SRC effect based on the superordinate unit position. Findings suggest bidirectional interaction between perception and action and simultaneous spatial stimulus coding according to multiple frames of reference, with contribution of each coding to the SRC effect flexibly varying with task situations.

关键词： Stimulus-response compatibility spatial coding Stimulus grouping Response selection Perception and action

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spatial coding and invariance in object-selective cortex

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CORTEX 2011年第1期47卷 14-22页

作者： Carlson, Thomas Hogendoorn, Hinze Fonteijn, Hubert Verstraten, Frans A. J. Univ Maryland Dept Psychol College Pk MD 20740 USA Harvard Univ Dept Psychol Vis Sci Lab Cambridge MA 02138 USA Univ Utrecht Helmholtz Inst NL-3508 TC Utrecht Netherlands Radboud Univ Nijmegen FC Donders Ctr Cognit Neuroimaging Nijmegen Netherlands

The present study examined the coding of spatial position in object selective cortex. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and pattern classification analysis, we find that three areas in object selective cortex, the lateral occipital cortex area (LO), the fusiform face area (FFA), and the parahippocampal place area (PPA), robustly code the spatial position of objects. The analysis further revealed several anisotropies (e.g., horizontal/vertical asymmetry) in the representation of visual space in these areas. Finally, we show that the representation of information in these areas permits object category information to be extracted across varying locations in the visual field;a finding that suggests a potential neural solution to accomplishing translation invariance. (C) 2009 Elsevier Srl. All rights reserved.

关键词： Object recognition fMRI spatial coding Object invariance

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Do silhouettes and photographs produce fundamentally different object based correspondence effects?

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COGNITION 2017年 169卷 91-101页

作者： Proctor, Robert W. Lien, Mei-Ching Thompson, Lane Purdue Univ W Lafayette IN 47907 USA Oregon State Univ Corvallis OR 97331 USA

When participants classify pictures of objects as upright or inverted with a left or right keypress, responses are faster if the response location (left/right) corresponds with the location of a handle (left/right) than if it does not. This result has typically been attributed to a grasping affordance (automatic activation of muscles associated with grasping the object with the ipsilateral hand), but several findings have indicated instead that the effect is a spatial correspondence effect, much like the Simon effect for object location. Pappas (2014) reported evidence he interpreted as showing that spatial coding predominates with silhouettes of objects, whereas photographs of objects yield affordance-based effects. We conducted two experiments similar to those of Pappas, using frying pans as stimuli, with our two experiments differing in whether the entire object was centered on the display screen or the base was centered. When the objects were centered, a positive correspondence effect relative to the handle was evident for the silhouettes but a negative correspondence effect for the photographs. When the base was centered, the handle was clearly located to the left or right side of the display, and both silhouettes and photographs produced correspondence effects of similar size relative to the handle location. Despite the main results being counter to the grasping affordance hypothesis, response-time distribution analyses suggest that, instead of activating automatically at fast responses, an effector-specific component of the hypothesized type may come into play for responses that are selected after the handle location has been identified.

关键词： Affordance compatibility Grasping affordance Stimulus response compatibility Simon effect spatial coding

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Chronic Loss of CA2 Transmission Leads to Hippocampal Hyperexcitability

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NEURON 2017年第3期94卷 642-+页

作者： Boehringer, Roman Polygalov, Denis Huang, Arthur J. Y. Middleton, Steven J. Robert, Vincent Wintzer, Marie E. Piskorowski, Rebecca A. Chevaleyre, Vivien McHugh, Thomas J. RIKEN Brain Sci Inst Lab Circuit & Behav Physiol 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 3510198 Japan Sorbonne Paris Cite Univ Paris Descartes Team Synapt Plast & Neural NetworksINSERM Ctr Psychiat & NeurosciU894 F-75014 Paris France Univ Tokyo Grad Sch Arts & Sci Dept Life Sci Tokyo 1538902 Japan

Hippocampal CA2 pyramidal cells project into both the neighboring CA1 and CA3 subfields, leaving them well positioned to influence network physiology and information processing for memory and space. While recent work has suggested unique roles for CA2, including encoding position during immobility and generating ripple oscillations, an interventional examination of the integrative functions of these connections has yet to be reported. Here we demonstrate that CA2 recruits feedforward inhibition in CA3 and that chronic genetically engineered shutdown of CA2-pyramidal-cell synaptic transmission consequently results in increased excitability of the recurrent CA3 network. In behaving mice, this led to spatially triggered episodes of network-wide hyperexcitability during exploration accompanied by the emergence of high-frequency discharges during rest. These findings reveal CA2 as a regulator of network processing in hippocampus and suggest that CA2-mediated inhibition in CA3 plays a key role in establishing the dynamic excitatory and inhibitory balance required for proper network function.

关键词： hippocampus CA2 CA3 theta oscillation ripple spatial coding place cell tetanus toxin DREADD

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The impact of vision in spatial coding

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RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2011年第6期32卷 2084-2091页

作者： Papadopoulos, Konstantinos Koustriava, Eleni Univ Macedonia Dept Educ & Social Policy Thessaloniki 54006 Greece

The aim of this study is to examine the performance in coding and representing of near-space in relation to vision status (blindness vs. normal vision) and sensory modality (touch vs. vision). Forty-eight children and teenagers participated. Sixteen of the participants were totally blind or had only light perception, 16 were blindfolded sighted individuals, and 16 were non-blindfolded sighted individuals. Participants were given eight different object patterns in different arrays and were asked to code and represent each of them. The results suggest that vision influences performance in spatial coding and spatial representation of near space. However, there was no statistically significant difference between participants with blindness who used the most effective haptic strategy and blindfolded sighted participants. Thus, the significance of haptic strategies is highlighted. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Vision Visual impairments spatial coding Haptic strategies

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Symbolic, Nonsymbolic and Conceptual: An Across-Notation Study on the Space Mapping of Numerals

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PERCEPTION 2016年第7期45卷 787-804页

作者： Zhang, Yu You, Xuqun Zhu, Rongjuan Shaanxi Normal Univ Sch Psychol Xian 710062 Peoples R China Shaanxi Prov Key Lab Behav & Cognit Neurosci Xian 710062 Peoples R China

Previous studies suggested that there are interconnections between two numeral modalities of symbolic notation and nonsymbolic notation (array of dots), differences and similarities of the processing, and representation of the two modalities have both been found in previous research. However, whether there are differences between the spatial representation and numeral-space mapping of the two numeral modalities of symbolic notation and nonsymbolic notation is still uninvestigated. The present study aims to examine whether there are differences between the spatial representation and numeral-space mapping of the two numeral modalities of symbolic notation and nonsymbolic notation;especially how zero, as both a symbolic magnitude numeral and a nonsymbolic conceptual numeral, mapping onto space;and if the mapping happens automatically at an early stage of the numeral information processing. Results of the two experiments demonstrate that the low-level processing of symbolic numerals including zero and nonsymbolic numerals except zero can mapping onto space, whereas the low-level processing of nonsymbolic zero as a semantic conceptual numeral cannot mapping onto space, which indicating the specialty of zero in the numeral domain. The present study indicates that the processing of non-semantic numerals can mapping onto space, whereas semantic conceptual numerals cannot mapping onto space.

关键词： symbolic numerals nonsymbolic numerals spatial coding numeral-space mapping

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Mixed body- and gaze-centered coding of proprioceptive reach targets after effector movement

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NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA 2016年 87卷 63-73页

作者： Mueller, Stefanie Fiehler, Katja Univ Giessen Dept Psychol Giessen Germany

Previous studies demonstrated that an effector movement intervening between encoding and reaching to a proprioceptive target determines the underlying reference frame: proprioceptive reach targets are represented in a gaze-independent reference frame if no movement occurs but are represented with respect to gaze after an effector movement (Mueller and Fiehler, 2014a). The present experiment explores whether an effector movement leads to a switch from a gaze-independent, body-centered reference frame to a gaze-dependent reference frame or whether a gaze-dependent reference frame is employed in addition to a gaze-independent, body-centered reference frame. Human participants were asked to reach in complete darkness to an unseen finger (proprioceptive target) of their left target hand indicated by a touch. They completed 2 conditions in which the target hand remained either stationary at the target location (stationary condition) or was actively moved to the target location, received a touch and was moved back before reaching to the target (moved condition). We dissociated the location of the movement vector relative to the body midline and to the gaze direction. Using correlation and regression analyses, we estimated the contribution of each reference frame based on horizontal reach errors in the stationary and moved conditions. Gaze-centered coding was only found in the moved condition, replicating our previous results. Body-centered coding dominated in the stationary condition while body and gaze-centered coding contributed equally strong in the moved condition. Our results indicate a shift from body-centered to combined body- and gaze-centered coding due to an effector movement before reaching towards proprioceptive targets. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Reaching Reference frame spatial coding Somatosensory Proprioceptive, tactile

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