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Playing the Simon game: Use of the Simon task for investigating human information processing

ACTA PSYCHOLOGICA 2011年第2期136卷 182-188页

作者： Proctor, Robert W. Purdue Univ Dept Psychol Sci W Lafayette IN 47907 USA

A little more than 40 years ago, J. R. Simon and colleagues introduced what is now called the Simon task, which yielded a correspondence effect known as the Simon effect. In this paper. I set Simon's contribution in the context of research on stimulus-response compatibility. The novel contribution of the Simon task is described, along with foundational findings using the task that Simon and colleagues reported. I acknowledge the significance of Simon's (1990) review chapter in generating my own interests in the Simon task and describe four selected lines of research from my lab that have been a result of those interests. The article concludes with a brief tribute to Simon and his contribution to experimental psychology. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Stimulus-response compatibility Simon effect spatial coding Transfer

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The Impact of Residual Vision in spatial Skills of Individuals With Visual Impairments

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JOURNAL OF SPECIAL EDUCATION 2011年第2期45卷 118-127页

作者： Papadopoulos, Konstantinos Koustriava, Eleni Kartasidou, Lefkothea Univ Macedonia Dept Educ & Social Policy Thessaloniki Greece

Loss of vision is believed to have a great impact on the acquisition of spatial knowledge. The aims of the present study are to examine the performance of individuals with visual impairments on spatial tasks and the impact of residual vision on processing these tasks. In all, 28 individuals with visual impairments-blindness or low vision-participated in this study. The results reveal that participants with visual impairments were competent to perform spatial tasks, and their performance is related to the existence of residual vision.

关键词： visual impairments body knowledge laterality directionality mental rotation spatial coding spatial representation

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Properties of neural noise in amblyopia

Properties of neural noise in amblyopia

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21st International Conference on Noise and Fluctuations (ICNF)

作者： Medina, Jose M. Carvalho, Jorge Franco, Sandra Ctr Phys Dept Phys P-4710057 Braga Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9781457701924

We have examined the characteristics of neural noise in amblyopia, a disorder that impairs binocular vision. Noninvasive methods based on signal-detection theory and psychophysics were used to measure threshold fluctuations in orientation processing, which is considered a main feature of cortical processing. Fluctuations were correlated and increase with the response size by power law scaling behavior. The scaling exponent in amblyopia was similar or lower than normal vision. Comparisons between observational conditions have revealed that the scaling exponent in normal binocular vision was lower than the monocular case. Surprisingly, the exponents in the amblyopic and fellow eye were lower than in amblyopic vision. The results conclude that amblyopia does not necessarily involve greater internal noise but an inverted trend.

关键词： neural fluctuations and noise brain dynamics low vision spatial coding psychophysics developmental neural plasticity

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Photonic implementation of quantum computation algorithm based on spatial coding

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OPTICAL REVIEW 2007年第5期14卷 260-265页

作者： Tate, Naoya Ogura, Yusuke Tanida, Jun Osaka Univ Grad Sch Informat Sci & Technol Dept Informat & Phys Sci Suita Osaka 5650871 Japan

Several implementation methods of quantum computation algorithm by conventional computer have been explored for large-scale emulation. Due to the lack of quantum effects, these methods generally require exponential growth of the size of the hardware with increase of the number of qubits. In this paper, the spatial coding, which is an effective digital optical computing technique, is studied as an efficient implementation method of quantum computation algorithms. In the proposed scheme, quantum information is represented by the intensity and the phase of elemental cells. We confirmed correct operation of the quantum teleportation algorithm by computer simulation. We also demonstrated a photonic implementation of some of the quantum gates experimentally. (C) 2007 The Optical Society of Japan.

关键词： optical computing information processing quantum computing parallel processing spatial coding

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Does the contribution of stimulus-hand correspondence to the auditory Simon effect increase with practice?

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EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH 2010年第1期204卷 131-137页

作者： Proctor, Robert W. Shao, Chunhong Purdue Univ Dept Psychol Sci W Lafayette IN 47907 USA Fudan Univ Huashan Hosp Dept Psychiat Shanghai 200040 Peoples R China

In two-choice reaction tasks for which stimulus location is irrelevant, crossing the hands typically does not alter the benefit for corresponding stimulus and response locations (the Simon effect), which implies location coding of responses. However, for auditory tasks in which a consistent mapping between responding hand and tone pitch is maintained, the Simon effect may become smaller for crossed than uncrossed hands with practice, suggesting increased reliance on anatomical coding. Two experiments tested this possibility. In Exp. 1, the Simon effect tended to be smaller with crossed than uncrossed hands in the second half of 1,600 trials but not in the first half. Experiment 2 showed that this result was not due to reinstructing subjects mid-experiment about the consistent mapping of stimuli to hands. Although the Simon effect was apparent with crossed hands throughout both experiments, it tended to be slightly smaller than the effect obtained with uncrossed hands.

关键词： Correspondence effects Crossed hands Anatomical coding Simon effect Simon task spatial coding

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spatial maps for time and motion

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EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH 2010年第2期206卷 121-128页

作者： Morrone, Maria Concetta Cicchini, Marco Burr, David C. CNR Ist Neurosci I-56100 Pisa Italy Univ Pisa Dept Physiol Sci Pisa Italy Fdn Stella Maris Pisa Italy Univ Florence Dept Psychol Florence Italy

In this article, we review recent research studying the mechanisms for transforming coordinate systems to encode space, time and motion. A range of studies using functional imaging and psychophysical techniques reveals mechanisms in the human brain for encoding information in external rather than retinal coordinates. This reinforces the idea of a tight relationship between space and time, in the parietal cortex of primates.

关键词： spatial coding Time Motion Spatiotopicity MT

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Visuo-spatial processing and the N1 component of the ERP

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PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY 2009年第6期46卷 1270-1277页

作者： Wascher, Edmund Hoffmann, Sven Sanger, Jessica Grosjean, Marc IfADo Leibniz Res Ctr Working Environm & Human Factors D-44139 Dortmund Germany Wuppertal Univ Wuppertal Germany Univ Dusseldorf Inst Expt Psychol 2 Dusseldorf Germany

Asymmetries in posterior ERP components, such as the N1, are generally taken to reflect the visual processing of spatial information in absolute (fixation-based) coordinates Yet, it is also well established that the position of an object call be coded relative to the position of other objects. To examine the ERP correlates of relative spatial coding, two experiments were conducted in which spatially neutral target stimuli were preceded. accompanied, or followed by laterally presented, task-irrelevant accessory stimuli Targets presented simultaneously with a lateral accessory evoked, despite physical asymmetry, a bilateral, symmetric N1 Targets that followed the accessory evoked, despite physical symmetry, an asymmetric N1, with a maximum contralateral to the accessory N1 Thus, lateralizations in the N1 range already reflect relative spatial coding rather than just the processing of the absolute location of incoming information

关键词： ERP Vision spatial coding N1 Relative coding

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Study and Progresses on 3D spatial Grid for Earth System(3DGES)

Study and Progresses on 3D Spatial Grid for Earth System(3DG...

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2009地球科学与技术国际学术讨论会

作者： Lixin Wu~(1*),Jieqing Yu~2 1.Institute of Disaster Reduction & Emergency Management,Beijing Normal University, Beijing,100875,China 2.Institute of GIS/GPS/RS & Subsidence Engineering,China University Mining & Tech., Beijing 100083,China

Early theories and methodologies for the spatial representation of geographical objects are tightly related with map projections,and have being developed in the planar mode of map *** are fissure,deformation and topology errors in the representation of meso-scale to large-scale spatial objects spanning projection *** is not until the 80's in the 20th century that the Global Discreted Grid (GDG) based on polygon discretion and the global surface data model were *** limitations of map projection were shaking off gradually,and the deformation of angular,length,area and the discontinuous of spatial data resulted from map projection are hence ***,the GDG is only served for surface discretion,not for the integral 3D space inside and outside the global *** GDG cannot represent the meso-scale to large-scale spatial objects and phenomena spanning projection zones and/or spanning *** include the relatively static objects such as ocean water body,polar region iceberg,underground tectonic structures,geomagnetism field and geothermal field,and the dynamic objects such as cloud system/cluster,ocean current,atmosphere circulation and monsoon wind *** phenomena include the mass-energy exchange such as global carbon circle,water circle,magnetic field and thermal field spanning ***,with the increase of global change and Earth system sciences research requirements,and with the rapid development of super computation capability,people are seeking for an integral 3D spatial framework and data model for Earth system based on spheroid or ellipsoid. Based on global 3D spatial division,QuaPA coding and degraded octree,the authors have extended GDG to the insides and outside of global surface and have advanced a new global 3D spatial grid,i.e.,Spheroid Degenerated-Octree Grid(SDOG),as in *** radial size,the minimum volume,the maximum volume,and the volume ratio of maximum to minimum of SDOG units in the same level

关键词： Earth system 3D grid spatial coding spatial representation global change

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Non-quantum implementation of quantum computation algorithm using a spatial coding technique

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OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS 2005年第1-3期251卷 124-131页

作者： Tate, N Ogura, Y Tanida, J Osaka Univ Grad Sch Informat Sci & Technol Suita Osaka 5650871 Japan

Non-quantum implementation of quantum information processing is studied. A spatial coding technique, which is one effective digital optical computing technique, is utilized to implement quantum teleportation efficiently. In the coding, quantum information is represented by the intensity and the phase of elemental cells. Correct operation is confirmed within the proposed scheme, which indicates the effectiveness of the proposed approach and a motive for further investigation. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： optical computing spatial coding quantum teleportation

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Information processing streams in rodent barrel cortex: The differential functions of barrel and septal circuits

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CEREBRAL CORTEX 2008年第5期18卷 979-989页

作者： Alloway, Kevin D. Penn State Univ Dept Neural & Behav Sci Coll Med Hershey Med Ctr Hershey PA 17033 USA

Rodent somatosensory cortex contains an isomorphic map of the mystacial whiskers in which each whisker is represented by neuronal populations, or barrels, that are separated from each other by intervening septa. Separate afferent pathways convey somatosensory information to the barrels and septa that represent the input stages for 2 partially segregated circuits that extend throughout the other layers of barrel cortex. Whereas the barrel-related circuits process spatiotemporal information generated by whisker contact with external objects, the septa-related circuits encode the frequency and other kinetic features of active whisker movements. The projection patterns from barrel cortex indicate that information processed by the septa-related circuits is used both separately and in combination with information from the barrel-related circuits to mediate specific functions. According to this theory, outputs from the septal processing stream modulate the brain regions that regulate whisking behavior, whereas both processing streams cooperate with each other to identify external stimuli encountered by passive or active whisker movements. This theoretical view prompts several testable hypotheses about the coordination of neuronal activity during whisking behavior. Foremost among these, motor brain regions that control whisker movements are more strongly coordinated with the septa-related circuits than with the barrel-related circuits.

关键词： columnar organization rate coding sensorimotor integration spatial coding temporal coding whisking behavior

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