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Cognitive biases in user experience and spreadsheet programming

EDUCATION AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES 2025年 1-31页

作者： Mate, Domician Kiss, Judit T. Csernoch, Maria Univ Debrecen Fac Engn Dept Engn Management & Enterprise Debrecen Hungary Univ Johannesburg Dept Business Management DHET NRF Sarchi Entrepreneurship Educ Johannesburg South Africa Univ Debrecen Fac Informat Dept Comp Sci Debrecen Hungary

The impact of cognitive biases, particularly biased self-assessment, on learning outcomes and decision-making in higher education is of great significance. This study delves into the confluence of cognitive biases and user experience in spreadsheet programming as a crucial IT skill across various academic disciplines. Through a quantitative analysis, we investigate whether structured learning in spreadsheet programming can counteract self-assessment biases among higher education students. Specifically, our focus is on scrutinizing the accuracy of self-assessment in Excel proficiency among professional STEM students at the University of Debrecen, Hungary, by comparing traditional written and digital assessments. Our findings reveal that while high-achieving students tend to exhibit more accurate self-assessments, many students have a pervasive tendency to overestimate their spreadsheet competencies. These results emphasize the necessity for educational strategies that acknowledge cognitive biases in self-assessment, with far-reaching implications for curriculum design and lean management in higher education, by integrating evidence-based approaches to enhance digital competencies. This study makes a valuable contribution to the broader dialogue on improving learning outcomes and user experience in spreadsheet programming. Additionally, the research provides valuable insights for educators and policymakers, advocating for pedagogical adjustments that can assist students in better evaluating their skills and knowledge, thereby promoting more precise self-assessment practices.

关键词： Cognitive Bias User Experience (UX) Higher education Lean management Learning Outcomes spreadsheet programming

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NLyze: Interactive programming by Natural Language for spreadsheet Data Analysis and Manipulation 14

NLyze: Interactive Programming by Natural Language for Sprea...

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ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data

作者： Gulwani, Sumit Marron, Mark Microsoft Res Redmond WA 98052 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450323765

Millions of computer end users need to perform tasks over tabular spreadsheet data, yet lack the programming knowledge to do such tasks automatically. This paper describes the design and implementation of a robust natural language based interface to spreadsheet programming. Our methodology involves designing a typed domain-specific language (DSL) that supports an expressive algebra of map, filter, reduce, join, and formatting capabilities at a level of abstraction appropriate for non-expert users. The key algorithmic component of our methodology is a translation algorithm for converting a natural language specification in the context of a given spreadsheet to a ranked set of likely programs in the DSL. The translation algorithm leverages the spreadsheet spatial and temporal context to assign interpretations to specifications with implicit references, and is thus robust to a variety of ways in which end users can express the same task. The translation algorithm builds over ideas from keyword programming and semantic parsing to achieve both high precision and high recall. We implemented the system as an Excel add-in called NLyze that supports a rich user interaction model including annotating the user's natural language specification and explaining the synthesized DSL programs by paraphrasing them into structured English. We collected a total of 3570 English descriptions for 40 spreadsheet tasks and our system was able to generate the intended interpretation as the top candidate for 94% (97% for the top 3) of those instances.

关键词： Program Synthesis End-user programming spreadsheet programming User Intent

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Automating String Processing in spreadsheets Using Input-Output Examples 11

Automating String Processing in Spreadsheets Using Input-Out...

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38th Symposium on Principles of programming Languages

作者： Gulwani, Sumit Microsoft Res Redmond WA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450304900

We describe the design of a string programming/expression language that supports restricted forms of regular expressions, conditionals and loops. The language is expressive enough to represent a wide variety of string manipulation tasks that end-users struggle with. We describe an algorithm based on several novel concepts for synthesizing a desired program in this language from input-output examples. The synthesis algorithm is very efficient taking a fraction of a second for various benchmark examples. The synthesis algorithm is interactive and has several desirable features: it can rank multiple solutions and has fast convergence, it can detect noise in the user input, it supports an active interaction model wherein the user is prompted to provide outputs on inputs that may have multiple computational interpretations. The algorithm has been implemented as an interactive add-in for Microsoft Excel spreadsheet system. The prototype tool has met the golden test it has synthesized part of itself, and has been used to solve problems beyond author's imagination.

关键词： Program Synthesis User Intent programming by Example (PBE) Version Space Algebra spreadsheet programming String Manipulation

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spreadsheet Table Transformations from Examples 11

Spreadsheet Table Transformations from Examples

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32nd ACM SIGPLAN Conference on programming Language Design and Implementation (PLDI 11)

作者： Harris, William R. Gulwani, Sumit Univ Wisconsin Dept Comp Sci Madison WI 53706 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450306638

Every day, millions of computer end-users need to perform tasks over large, tabular data, yet lack the programming knowledge to do such tasks automatically. In this work, we present an automatic technique that takes from a user an example of how the user needs to transform a table of data, and provides to the user a program that implements the transformation described by the example. In particular, we present a language of programs TableProg that can describe transformations that real users require. We then present an algorithm ProgFrornEx that takes an example input and output table, and infers a program in TableProg that implements the transformation described by the example. When the program is applied to the example input, it reproduces the example output. When the program is applied to another, potentially larger, table with a "similar" layout as the example input table, then the program produces a corresponding table with a layout that is similar to the example output table. A user can apply ProgFrornEx interactively, providing multiple small examples to obtain a program that implements the transformation that the user desires. Moreover, ProgFromEx can help identify "noisy" examples that contain errors. To evaluate the practicality of TableProg and ProgFromEx, we implemented ProgFromEx as a module for the Microsoft Excel spreadsheet program. We applied the module to automatically implement over 50 table transformations specified by end-users through examples on online Excel help forums. In seconds, ProgFromEx found programs that satisfied the examples and could be applied to larger input tables. This experience demonstrates that TableProg and ProgFromEx can significantly automate the tasks over tabular data that users need to perform.

关键词： Program Synthesis End-user programming programming by Example spreadsheet programming Table Manipulation User Intent

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Development of Efficient Role-based Sensor Network Applications with Excel spreadsheets

Development of Efficient Role-based Sensor Network Applicati...

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19th IEEE International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems (ICPADS)

作者： Boelmann, Christopher Weis, Torben Univ Duisburg Essen Distributed Syst Grp Duisburg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781479920815

Natural scientists use large scale sensor networks for gathering and analyzing environmental data. However, the implementation work requires expert programmers. The problem is complicated by limited battery lifetime, processing power and memory capacity of the nodes, because this requires a low-level programming language. Since scientists are used to analyzing data with spreadsheets, researchers have studied the possibility of applying spreadsheet-based programming to sensor networks. The approaches so far either require a central server to execute the spreadsheet, or they execute a spreadsheet run-time on each node. The first approach causes higher communication cost since all data has to be routed to the central server and the second one causes computational overhead, because evaluating a spreadsheet is slower than executing handcrafted NesC-code. Hence, we present a spreadsheet driven tool-chain that can create efficient NesC-code and allows for simulation in the spreadsheet itself. The nodes have to recompute the spreadsheet formulas upon new data. However, we can avoid a large fraction of this recomputation by applying several optimization strategies during code generation. In our example scenario, sensor nodes compute the variance across a series of sensor readings. We can show that the optimizations save 65% CPU cycles and the code size decreases by 12% when compared to non-optimized execution of the spreadsheet. Thus, our approach can deliver an easy way of developing sensor network programs while yielding very efficient code.

关键词： spreadsheet programming Designing Sensor Networks Computation Optimization

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Transforming spreadsheet Data Types using Examples 16

Transforming Spreadsheet Data Types using Examples

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43rd Annual ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of programming Languages (POPL)

作者： Singh, Rishabh Gulwani, Sumit Microsoft Res Redmond WA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450335492

Cleaning spreadsheet data types is a common problem faced by millions of spreadsheet users. Data types such as date, time, name, and units are ubiquitous in spreadsheets, and cleaning transformations on these data types involve parsing and pretty printing their string representations. This presents many challenges to users because cleaning such data requires some background knowledge about the data itself and moreover this data is typically non-uniform, unstructured, and ambiguous. spreadsheet systems and programming Languages provide some UI-based and programmatic solutions for this problem but they are either insufficient for the user's needs or are beyond their expertise. In this paper, we present a programming by example methodology of cleaning data types that learns the desired transformation from a few input-output examples. We propose a domain specific language with probabilistic semantics that is parameterized with declarative data type definitions. The probabilistic semantics is based on three key aspects: (i) approximate predicate matching, (ii) joint learning of data type interpretation, and (iii) weighted branches. This probabilistic semantics enables the language to handle non-uniform, unstructured, and ambiguous data. We then present a synthesis algorithm that learns the desired program in this language from a set of input-output examples. We have implemented our algorithm as an Excel add-in and present its successful evaluation on 55 benchmark problems obtained from online help forums and Excel product team.

关键词： Algorithms Human Factor Program Synthesis Probabilistic Synthesis spreadsheet programming programming By Examples Noisy Examples

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Modeling the Value of Micro Solutions in Air Force Financial Management

Modeling the Value of Micro Solutions in Air Force Financial...

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作者： Scott M. O'Hare James E. Krott Naval Postgraduate School

学位级别：硕士

The purpose of this MBA Project was to develop a model that would estimate the value of applying available spreadsheet programming tools to automation opportunities in Air Force Financial Management (FM). Model inputs include Labor Estimates, Labor Rates, and Task Characteristics, while outputs are represented in terms of Return on Investment, Payback Period, and Annual Savings. The boundaries of the model are limited to the Microsoft Excel Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) development environment for the development of short- term (<1 year) automation opportunities of low to moderate complexity (Micro Solutions). First, the project model will be outlined and discussed; including the methodology, assumptions, and the specific mapping of input variables to model outputs. Then the model will be used to analyze six actual field-developed case solutions and project potential value for two currently unrealized solutions. Finally, the project will present recommendations drawn from practical application of the model.

关键词： Excel VBA Excel programming spreadsheet programming Visual Basic Visual Basic for Applications automated solutions short -term solutions Micro Solutions software development model software development growth factor

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Transforming spreadsheet Data Types using Examples

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ACM SIGPLAN NOTICES 2016年第1期51卷 343-356页

作者： Singh, Rishabh Gulwani, Sumit Microsoft Res Redmond WA USA

关键词： Algorithms Human Factor Program Synthesis Probabilistic Synthesis spreadsheet programming programming By Examples Noisy Examples

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Managing Student's Grades and Attendance Records using Google Forms and Google spreadsheets

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Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 2012年 59卷 420-428页

作者： Ahmad Zamri Mansor Centre for General Studies Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

Google spreadsheet is a powerful tool to manage student record online. It is more than a Web 2.0 version of Microsoft Excel as it performs many functions that are not available in Excel. One of many uses of Google spreadsheetsthat could be useful to lecturers is managing students’ grades and attendance online. In this paper the author wishes to present his innovative ways of managing students’ grades and attendance records using the wonder of Google spreadsheet. In order to experiment with the Google way of doing things, the author embarked on a self-directed learning journey of discovering the functionality of the tools. By immersing himself with hundreds of syntax used to create functions in Google spreadsheet, he managed to create a number of potential useful innovations, one of which is the management of students’ grade and attendance record. In this paper, he wishes to share his recent experience of experimenting the innovation with a group of students in UKM. In conclusion, Google Forms and spreadsheet not only offer the more innovative ways of of managing students ‘grades and attendance records but also provide a useful platform for exploring and experimenting with Google spreadsheets’ functions.

关键词： Attendance records google docs online form online spreadsheet spreadsheet programming student grades

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