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Baseline correction using adaptive iteratively reweighted penalized least squares

ANALYST 2010年第5期135卷 1138-1146页

作者： Zhang, Zhi-Min Chen, Shan Liang, Yi-Zeng Cent S Univ Coll Chem & Chem Engn Res Ctr Modernizat Chinese Med Changsha 410083 Hunan Peoples R China

Baseline drift always blurs or even swamps signals and deteriorates analytical results, particularly in multivariate analysis. It is necessary to correct baseline drift to perform further data analysis. Simple or modified polynomial fitting has been found to be effective to some extent. However, this method requires user intervention and is prone to variability especially in low signal-to-noise ratio environments. A novel algorithm named adaptive iteratively reweighted Penalized Least Squares (airPLS) that does not require any user intervention and prior information, such as peak detection etc., is proposed in this work. The method works by iteratively changing weights of sum squares errors (SSE) between the fitted baseline and original signals, and the weights of the SSE are obtained adaptively using the difference between the previously fitted baseline and the original signals. The baseline estimator is fast and flexible. Theory, implementation, and applications in simulated and real datasets are presented. The algorithm is implemented in R language and MATLAB (TM), which is available as open source software (http://***/p/airpls).

关键词： swamps environments algorithm baseline correction Environments baseline wander algorithms Swamps streaming simd extensions peak detection original signal weight sums

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Seismic response prediction for cabinets of nuclear power plants by using impact hammer test

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NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2010年第10期240卷 2500-2511页

作者： Koo, Ki Young Cho, Sung Gook Cui, Jintao Kim, Dookie Kunsan Natl Univ Dept Civil Engn Jeonbuk South Korea Univ Sheffield Dept Civil & Struct Engn Sheffield S Yorkshire England JACE KOREA Gyeonggi Do South Korea

An effective method to predict the seismic response of electrical cabinets of nuclear power plants is developed. This method consists of three steps: (1) identification of the earthquake-equivalent force based on the idealized lumped-mass system of the cabinet, (2) identification of the state-space equation (SSE) model of the system using input output measurements from impact hammer tests, and (3) seismic response prediction by calculating the output of the identified SSE model under the identified earthquake-equivalent force. A three-dimensional plate model of cabinet structures is presented for the numerical verification of the proposed method. Experimental validation of the proposed method is carried out on a three-story frame which represents the structure of a cabinet. The SSE model of the frame is accurately identified by impact hammer tests with high fitness values over 85% of the actual frame characteristics. Shaking table tests are performed using El Centro, Kobe, and Northridge earthquakes as input motions and the acceleration responses are measured. The responses of the model under the three earthquakes are predicted and then compared with the measured responses. The predicted and measured responses agree well with each other with fitness values of 65-75%. The proposed method is more advantageous over other methods that are based on finite element (FE) model updating since it is free from FE modeling errors. It will be especially effective for cabinet structures in nuclear power plants where conducting shaking table tests may not be feasible. Limitations of the proposed method are also discussed. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nuclear powerplants Cabinet Power Plants hammering test Cabinets impact hammer seismic response streaming simd extensions Acceleration responses Shaking table test

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DESIGN OF A CUSTOM VECTOR OPERATION API EXPLOITING simd INTRINSICS WITHIN JAVA

DESIGN OF A CUSTOM VECTOR OPERATION API EXPLOITING SIMD INTR...

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23rd Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE)

作者： Parri, Jonathan Desmarais, John-Marc Shapiro, Daniel Bolic, Miodrag Groza, Voicu Univ Ottawa Comp Architecture Res Grp Ottawa ON Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781424453771

The use of Single Instruction Multiple Data (simd) operations can be instrumental in meeting the needs of high performance computations. Most languages, including C/C++, give a user the power to directly exploit this hardware and inherent parallelism. We have created are targetable native simd library which Java programmers are now able to use to directly access simd intrinsics including MMX, SSE1, SSE2 and SSE3 through prescribed Java methods in an API. This API gives users direct control over their high-performance computations instead of solely relying on the simd optimizations of the Java Virtual Machine (JVM), or relying on a GPU which must send and receive the data from the CPU. Through the use of this Java API and the included backing library, substantial performance gains can be achieved on large and complex vector operations. We show an example for which the API obtains a 2x to 3x speed up for both small and large data sets as compared to solely relying on the simd optimizations in the JVM.

关键词： simd SSE Java API Vector Operations Parallelism streaming simd extensions

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FORMATION OF NANOSTRUCTURES AND SOLID SOLUBILITY EXTENSION IN CRYOMILLED Al-Cu AND Al-Si POWDERS

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CANADIAN METALLURGICAL QUARTERLY 2009年第1期48卷 33-44页

作者： Vintila, R. Milligan, J. Drew, R. A. L. Brochu, M. McGill Univ Dept Min & Met Engn Montreal PQ Canada Concordia Univ Montreal PQ H3G 1M8 Canada

Nanostructured Al-2024 alloy and Al-12%Si were successfully synthesized via a cryogenic milling process. Equiaxed nanograins of 46 nm and a lattice strain of 0.2% were obtained after 18 hours of milling for the Al-Cu system and grain sizes of 46 nm with a lattice strain of 0.09% were obtained after only 4 hours milling time for the Al-Si system, as measured from the X-ray patterns. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterization was also employed to evaluate the grain size in both systems. For the Al-Cu system, a bimodal grain size distribution (as measured from dark field (DF) TEM images) constituted of nanometric and ultrafine grains was obtained after 8 hours of milling. This bimodal behaviour changes with milling time and after 12 hours results in a unimodal distribution with more than 50% of the grains between 20-40 nm. Also, additional milling time (16 hours) narrows the distribution;and approximately 80% of the grains reach the 20-40 nm range. At this stage, the size of the grains was also verified via direct thickness measurements of selected area diffraction (SAD) rings. The solid solubility extension (SSE) of Cu in Al, as estimated from Vegard's law, in the final stage of milling (18 hours) reached a value of 0.41 atm%. For the At-Si system the mechanism of particle evolution undergoes similar stages as in the Al-Cu system only in much shorter times such as after only 2 hours of milling the powders have completed the plastic deformation and reached the flattening phase. This was followed by fracturing, reaching an equiaxed morphology after only 4 hours of milling. At this stage the SSE of Si in the Al matrix was found to be 1.72 atm%.

关键词： Grinding time grain lattice strain streaming simd extensions thickness measurement Percent milling

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A Review of simd Multimedia extensions and their Usage in Scientific and Engineering Applications

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COMPUTER JOURNAL 2008年第6期51卷 630-649页

作者： Hassaballah, M. Omran, Saleh Mahdy, Youssef B. S Valley Univ Dept Math Fac Sci Qena Egypt Assiut Univ Fac Comp & Informat Sci Assiut Egypt

The volume and complexity of data processed by today's personal computers are increasing exponentially, placing incredible demands on the microprocessors. In the meantime, computing performance that can be achieved by increasing the clock speed of a microprocessor is reaching to physical limits thus making the architectural solutions more prominent. Due to this an important architectural feature is added to recent microprocessors, single instruction multiple data (simd), which is a set of instructions that can speed up an application performance by allowing basic operation to be performed on multiple data elements in parallel with fewer instructions. The simd computational technique was introduced in the IA-32 Intel((R)) architecture with MMX technology and then further enhanced with Intel's introduction of streaming simd extensions (SSE), SSE 2 (SSE2) and SSE 3 (SSE3). Although programming using these simd extensions enables software to achieve higher performance, several exiting scientific applications are not affected. This paper gives an overview of simd multimedia extensions. The features of these extensions are introduced. Available methods for programming with multimedia instruction sets are discussed. It also reviews recent trends to use multimedia extensions to accelerate many applications such as multimedia, scientific and engineering applications, and argues for further use in other significant computationally intensive applications.

关键词： high performance simd multimedia extensions MMX technology streaming simd extensions instructions

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Melt compounding of clay nanocomposites

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POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE 2007年第9期47卷 1447-1458页

作者： Li, J. Ton-That, M.-T. Leelapornpisit, W. Utracki, L. A. Natl Res Council Canada Inst Ind Mat Boucherville PQ J4B 6Y4 Canada

Polypropylene (PP)-based nanocomposites containing 4 wt% maleic anhydride grafted PP (PP-g-MA) and 2 wt% Cloisite 20A (C20A) were prepared using various processing devices, viz., twin-screw extruder (TSE), single-screw extruder (SSE), and SSE with an extensional flow mixer (EFM). Two processing methods were employed: (1) masterbatch (MB) preparation in a TSE (with 10 wt% C20A and clay/compatibilizer ratio of 1:2), followed by dilution in TSE, SSE, or SSE + EFIVI, to 2 wt% clay loading;(11) single pass, i.e., directly compounding of dry-blended PP-g-MA/clay in TSE, SSE, or SSE + EFIVI. It has been indicated that the quality of clay dispersion, both at micro- and nanolevel, of the nanocomposites depends very much on the operating conditions during processing, such as mixing intensity and residence time, thus affecting the mechanical performance. Besides that the degradation of the organoclay and the matrix is also very sensitive to these parameters. According to results of X-ray diffraction, field emission gun scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and mechanical tests, the samples prepared with MB had better overall clay dispersion, which resulted in better mechanical properties. The processing equipment used for diluting MB had a marginal influence on clay dispersion and nanocomposite performance.

关键词： MELT COMPOUNDING ORGANOCLAY Nanocomposites clays mixing intensity MACHINE BASIN streaming simd extensions Mechanical properties

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Corrections of size-of-source effect and distance effect in radiometric measurements of radiance

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APPLIED OPTICS 2005年第13期44卷 2511-2518页

作者： Solorio-Leyva, JC Suárez-Rornero, JG Cortés-Reynoso, JG Hurtado-Ramos, JB Tepichín-Rodríguez, E Ctr Ingn & Desarrollo Ind CIDESI Queretaro Mexico INAOE Puebla Mexico

Many optical instruments used in quality control of the optical radiation emission level of several devices are limited by the so-called size-of-source effect (SSE) as well as the distance effect (DE) when we are dealing with very accurate measurements. Different authors have studied the SSE and DE and have proposed experimental methods that provide corrections for them. We describe a general method based on the partial coherence theory that allows us to describe and calculate the SSE and DE in any radiometric system with circular apertures. We show some experimental results that verify our proposal. Additionally, as a practical example, we present the corresponding DE and SSE correction factors for a particular geometry. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America.

关键词： RADIOMETRY Radiation radiance streaming simd extensions

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Design stability and safety margins of the ETRR-2 core cooling system regarding seismic loads

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KERNTECHNIK 2005年第5-6期70卷 291-294页

作者： Ahmed, K Atom Energy Author Alexandria Egypt

The seismic design of a nuclear power plant includes two levels of design earthquake, the safe shutdown earthquake (SSE) and the operating basis earthquake (OBE). The OBE and SSE are considered in the nuclear power plant design as required by the IAEA safety regulations. A typical piping model for the ETRR-2 core cooling system includes ASME-class 1, 2 and 3 piping and was analyzed with regard to both IAEA safety regimes. A load combination, as stated by the IAEA Safety Guide 50-SG-S2, has been considered. The safety guide requires that the OBE should equal to at least one half SSE and that the plant should be shut down if exposed to earthquake intensity greater than the OBE. The results reflect the requirement for the precise design of a supporting system to accommodate for higher seismic peaks more than 0.2 g and the system needs to be more flexible.

关键词： SAFETY MARGINS Load Combination Seismic design Shut down International Atomic Energy Agency COOLING SYSTEM streaming simd extensions Nuclear powerplants Earthquakes OPERATING BASIS EARTHQUAKE Support Systems power plant design SAFETY GUIDES

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Enhancing screen teleconferencing with streaming simd extensions 01

Enhancing screen teleconferencing with streaming SIMD extens...

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Pan-Sydney Area Workshop on Visual Information Processing

作者： John G. Allen Jesse S. Jin Biomedical and Multimedia Information Technology (BMIT) Group School of Information Technologies Madsen Building F09 University of Sydney NSW 2006

ISBN: (纸本)0909925895

It is often necessary to reduce storage and bandwidth requirements when recording or broadcasting a sequence of actions on a computer *** applications most commonly fall into the category of thin client architectures, screen teleconferencing and the recording of demonstration sequences. This paper explores the use of MMX^TM and streaming simd Extension (SSE) instructions [11,12] to improve the performance of a hybrid Lempel-Ziv [15] encoding algorithm with temporally seeded history buffer and predictive quarter-static range entropy encoder [9, 14].We introduce lossless compression via the packed MMX^TM comparison instructions as well as a "lossy" technique that makes use of SSE extensions to facilitate partial pattern matching [12].

关键词： video streaming simd extensions Teleconference Videotapes recording lossless compression Recordings Screen instruction

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Implementing streaming simd extensions on the Pentium III processor

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IEEE MICRO 2000年第4期20卷 47-57页

作者： Raman, SK Pentkovski, V Keshava, J Intel Corp Microprocessor Prod Grp Folsom CA 95630 USA Intel Corp MPG Folsom Architecture Grp Folsom CA 95630 USA

THE SSE PROVIDES A RICH SET OF INSTRUCTIONS TO MEET THE REQUIREMENTS OF DEMANDING MULTI MED IA AND INTERNET APPLICATIONS. IN IMPLEMENTING THE SSE, THE PENTIUM III DEVELOPERS MADE A NUMBER OF DESIGN TRADE-OFFS TO SATIS... 详细信息

关键词： network applications die size streaming simd extensions PROCESSOR instruction Pentium

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