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ADVANCES IN PHYSICS 2023年第3期72卷 261-407页

作者： Zaanen, Jan Leiden Univ Inst Lorentz Theoret Phys Leiden Netherlands

These notes are based on lectures serving the advanced graduate education of the Delta Institute of Theoretical Physics in the Netherlands in autumn 2021. The goal is to explain in a language that can be understood by non-specialists' very recent advances in quantum information and especially string theory suggesting the existence of entirely new forms of matter. These are metallic states characterized by an extremely dense many-body entanglement, requiring the supremacy of the quantum computer to be completely enumerated. The holographic duality discovered in string theory appears to be a mathematical machinery capable of computing observable properties of such matter, suggesting the presence of universal general principles governing its phenomenology. The case is developing that these principles may well apply to the highly mysterious physical properties observed in the high-temperature superconductors and other strongly interacting electron systems of condensed matter physics.

关键词： gauge-gravity dualities holographic dualities AdS/CFT string theory techniques in condensed matter AdS/CMT unconventional superconductors strongly correlated systems

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Boundary-deconfined quantum criticality at transitions between symmetry-protected topological chains

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Physical Review B 2024年第20期109卷 L201112-L201112页

作者： Saranesh Prembabu Ryan Thorngren Ruben Verresen Department of Physics Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts 02138 USA Kavli Institute of Theoretical Physics University of California Santa Barbara California 93106 USA

Decades of research have revealed a deep understanding of topological quantum matter with protected edge modes. We report that even richer physics emerges when tuning between two topological phases of matter whose respective edge modes are incompatible. The frustration at the edge leads to novel boundary physics, such as symmetry-breaking phases with exotic non-Landau transitions—even when the edge is zero-dimensional. As a minimal case study, we consider spin chains with Z3×Z3 symmetry, exhibiting two nontrivial symmetry-protected topological (SPT) phases. At the bulk 1+1D critical transition between these SPT phases, we find two stable 0+1D boundary phases, each spontaneously breaking one of the Z3 symmetries. Furthermore, we find that a single boundary parameter tunes a non-Landau boundary critical transition between these two phases. This constitutes a 0+1D version of an exotic phenomenon driven by charged vortex condensation known as deconfined quantum criticality. This work highlights the rich unexplored physics of criticality between nontrivial topological phases and provides insights into the burgeoning field of gapless topological phases.

关键词： Quantum phase transitions string theory techniques in condensed matter Symmetry protected topological states Topological phase transition Symmetries in condensed matter Density matrix methods Finite-size scaling Gauge theory techniques Integrable systems Matrix product states Numerical Renormalization Group Quantum field theory (low energy) Tensor network methods

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Mechanism for cluster formation in a strongly interacting superfluid from gauge/gravity duality

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Physical Review B 2024年第13期110卷 134510页

作者： Wei-Can Yang Chuan-Yin Xia Yu Tian Makoto Tsubota Hua-Bi Zeng Department of Physics Center for Theoretical Physics Center for Gravitation and Cosmology College of Physical Science and Technology School of Physical Sciences Nambu Yoichiro Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (NITEP)

In two-dimensional turbulence systems, the emergence of large-scale structures holds profound physical implications, particularly as it indicates the occurrence of inverse energy cascades, thereby garnering significant attention. In this paper, we report a vortex cluster formation mechanism in the background of near-extreme Reissner-Nordström black hole holographic model. At temperatures nearing absolute zero, we observe the formation of vortex clusters accompanied by the appearance of inverse energy cascade. Through a comparative analysis with the dynamics of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation, we reveal the special mechanism in holographic superfluid. Unlike typical quantum systems, the formation of holographic vortex clusters is driven by unique quantum dissipation properties, caused by filling with normal material similar to strange metallic states, as in high-temperature superconductivity, characterized by the fact that the vortex dipoles can hardly move at low temperatures. Our research demonstrates significant difference for vortex motion in strongly interacting superfluid, which provides a promising route to be observed in the strongly interacting Fermi gas experiments.

关键词： Gauge-gravity dualities Vortex dynamics Superfluids Field & string theory models & techniques string theory techniques in condensed matter

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From Chaos to Integrability in Double Scaled Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev Model via a Chord Path Integral

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Physical Review Letters 2024年第22期133卷 221602-221602页

作者： Micha Berkooz Nadav Brukner Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 7610001 Israel SISSA via Bonomea 265 34136 Trieste Italy

We study thermodynamic phase transitions between integrable and chaotic dynamics. We do so by analyzing models that interpolate between the chaotic double scaled Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) and the integrable p-spin systems, in a limit where they are described by chord diagrams. We develop a path integral formalism by coarse graining over the diagrams, which we use to argue that the system has two distinct phases: one is continuously connected to the chaotic system, and the other to the integrable. They are separated by a line of first order transition that ends at some finite temperature.

关键词： Gauge-gravity dualities Quantum chaos Non-Fermi-liquid theory Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model string theory techniques in condensed matter

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Universal Bound on Effective Central Charge and Its Saturation

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Physical Review Letters 2024年第9期133卷 091604页

作者： Andreas Karch Yuya Kusuki Hirosi Ooguri Hao-Yu Sun Mianqi Wang Theory Group Weinberg Institute Department of Physics Walter Burke Institute for Theoretical Physics Interdisciplinary Theoretical and Mathematical Sciences (iTHEMS) RIKEN Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan Institute for Advanced Study Department of Physics University of Tokyo Kashiwa 277-8583 Japan

The effective central charge (denoted by ceff) is a measure of entanglement through a conformal interface, while the transmission coefficient (encoded in the coefficient cLR of the two-point function of the energy-momentum tensor across the interface) is a measure of energy transmission through the interface. It has been pointed out that these two are generally different. In this Letter, we propose the inequalities, 0≤cLR≤ceff≤min(cL,cR). They have the simple but important implication that the amount of energy transmission can never exceed the amount of information transmission. We verify them using the AdS/CFT correspondence, using the perturbation method, and in examples beyond holography. We also show that these inequalities are sharp by constructing a class of interfaces that saturate them.

关键词： Conformal field theory Entanglement entropy Entanglement in field theory Gauge-gravity dualities string theory techniques in condensed matter

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Duality Constraints on Thermal Spectra of 3D Conformal Field Theories and 4D Quasinormal Modes

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Physical Review Letters 2024年第21期133卷 211601-211601页

作者： Sašo Grozdanov Mile Vrbica Higgs Centre for Theoretical Physics University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH8 9YL Scotland Faculty of Mathematics and Physics University of Ljubljana Jadranska ulica 19 SI-1000 Ljubljana Slovenia

Thermal spectra of correlation functions in holographic 3D large-N conformal field theories (CFTs) correspond to quasinormal modes of classical gravity and other fields in asymptotically anti–de Sitter black hole spacetimes. Using general properties of such spectra along with constraints imposed by the S duality (or the particle-vortex duality), we derive a spectral duality relation that all such spectra must obey. Its form is universal and relates infinite products over QNMs with bulk algebraically special frequencies. In the process, we also derive a new sum rule constraining products over QNMs. The spectral duality relation, which imposes an infinite set of constraints on the QNMs, is then investigated and a number of well-known holographic examples that demonstrate its validity are examined. Our results also allow us to understand several new aspects of the pole-skipping phenomenon.

关键词： Classical black holes Conformal field theory Dualities in field theory Finite temperature field theory Gauge-gravity dualities Sum rules string theory techniques in condensed matter

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Spontaneous symmetry breaking of vortex number in binary alternating current countersuperflow

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Physical Review A 2024年第4期109卷 043303-043303页

作者： Wei-Can Yang Makoto Tsubota Hua-Bi Zeng Department of Physics Osaka Metropolitan University 3-3-138 Sugimoto 558-8585 Osaka Japan Nambu Yoichiro Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (NITEP) Osaka Metropolitan University 3-3-138 Sugimoto Sumiyoshi-ku Osaka 558-8585 Japan Center for Theoretical Physics Hainan University Haikou 570228 China Center for Gravitation and Cosmology College of Physical Science and Technology Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 China

In binary superfluid counterflow systems, vortex nucleation arises as a consequence of hydrodynamic instabilities when the coupling coefficient and counterflow velocity exceed the critical value. When dealing with two identical components, one might naturally anticipate that the number of vortices generated would remain equal. However, through the numerical experiments of the holographic model and the Gross-Pitaevskii equation, our investigation has unveiled a remarkable phenomenon: in alternating current counterflow systems, once the coupling coefficient and frequency exceed certain critical values, a surprising symmetry-breaking phenomenon occurs. This results in an asymmetry in the number of vortices in the two components. We establish that this phenomenon represents a continuous phase transition, which, as indicated by the phase diagram, is exclusively observable in alternating current counterflow. We provide an explanation for this intriguing phenomenon through soliton structures, thereby uncovering the complex and unique characteristics of quantum fluid instabilities and their rich phenomena.

关键词： Gauge-gravity dualities Turbulence Vortices in superfluids Superfluids string theory techniques in condensed matter

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Beyond Drude transport in hydrodynamic metals

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Physical Review B 2024年第16期109卷 165153-165153页

作者： Blaise Goutéraux Ashish Shukla CPHT CNRS École Polytechnique Institut Polytechnique de Paris Palaiseau 91120 France

In interacting theories, hydrodynamics describes the universal behavior of states close to local thermal equilibrium at late times and long distances in a gradient expansion. In the hydrodynamic regime of metals, momentum relaxes slowly with a rate Γ, which formally appears on the right-hand side of the momentum dynamical equation and causes a Drude-like peak in the frequency dependence of the thermoelectric conductivities. Here we study the structure and determine the physical implications of momentum-relaxing gradient corrections beyond Drude, i.e., arising at subleading order in the gradient expansion. We find that they effectively renormalize the weight of the Drude pole in the thermoelectric conductivities, and contribute to the dc conductivities at the same order as previously known gradient corrections of translation-invariant hydrodynamics. Turning on a magnetic field, extra derivative corrections appear and renormalize the cyclotron frequency and the Hall conductivity. This relaxed hydrodynamics provides a field-theoretic explanation for previous results obtained using gauge-gravity duality. In strongly coupled metals where quasiparticles are short-lived and which may be close to a hydrodynamic regime, the extra contributions we discuss are essential to interpret experimentally measured magnetothermoelectric conductivities. Specializing to metals close to a Fermi liquid phase, the effective mass measured either through the specific heat or the spectral weight of the Drude-like peak are found to differ, as was indeed reported in overdoped cuprate superconductors. More generally, we expect such terms to be present in any hydrodynamic theory with approximate symmetries, which arise in many physical systems.

关键词： Transport phenomena High-temperature superconductors Strongly correlated systems Hydrodynamics string theory techniques in condensed matter

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Excitation transmission through a non-Hermitian traversable wormhole

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Physical Review D 2024年第4期110卷 046022页

作者： Sizheng Cao Xian-Hui Ge Department of Physics College of Sciences Institute for Quantum Science and Technology

This study explores the intricate real-time dynamics of a non-Hermitian system composed of two interconnected Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) models. A central finding reveals that an excitation initially localized in the right SYK subsystem can be efficiently transmitted to the left subsystem subsequent to the characteristic scrambling time, a phenomenon facilitated by the intrinsic non-Hermitian nature of the system. The defining hallmark of non-Hermiticity is manifest in the asymmetric conveyance of quantum states, with the non-Hermitian parameter functioning as a tunable knob that selectively amplifies or dampens propagation modes on either side. Despite this inherent directional bias in state transfer, the system sustains two distinct phases, analogously likened to black holes and wormholes.

关键词： Classical black holes Quantum many-body systems string theory techniques in condensed matter

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Flows in the space of interacting chiral boson theories

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Physical Review D 2024年第4期110卷 046005-046005页

作者： Stephen Ebert Christian Ferko Cian Luke Martin Gabriele Tartaglino-Mazzucchelli Mani L. Bhaumik Institute for Theoretical Physics Department of Physics and Astronomy Center for Quantum Mathematics and Physics (QMAP) Department of Physics and Astronomy School of Mathematics & Physics

We study interacting theories of N left-moving and N¯ right-moving Floreanini-Jackiw bosons in two dimensions. A parametrized family of such theories is shown to enjoy (nonmanifest) Lorentz invariance if and only if its Lagrangian obeys a flow equation driven by a function of the energy-momentum tensor. We discuss the canonical quantization of such theories along classical stress tensor flows, focusing on the case of the root-TT¯ deformation, where we obtain perturbative results for the deformed spectrum in a certain large-momentum limit. In the special case N=N¯, we consider the quantum effective action for the root-TT¯-deformed theory by expanding around a general classical background, and we find that the one-loop contribution vanishes for backgrounds with constant scalar gradients. Our analysis can also be interpreted via dual U(1) Chern-Simons theories in three dimensions, which might be used to describe deformations of charged AdS3 black holes or quantum Hall systems.

关键词： Feynman diagrams Lower-dimensional field theories Quantum Hall effect Lorentz symmetry Chern-Simons gauge theory string theory techniques in condensed matter

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