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switching algorithms for extending battery life in Electric Vehicles

JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES 2013年 231卷 50-59页

作者： Adany, Ron Aurbach, Doron Kraus, Sarit Bar Ilan Univ Dept Comp Sci IL-52900 Ramat Gan Israel Bar Ilan Univ Dept Chem IL-52900 Ramat Gan Israel

The battery is a key component in any Electric Vehicle (EV) and its method of operation may have a tremendous effect on its life. In this paper we focus on improving the battery's life. Each battery is a pack of cells designed to be discharged and charged with specific optimal currents, whereby other currents, i.e. higher or lower than the optimal currents, may have negative effects on its life. We model these negative effects as penalties that are aggregate over time and propose a discharge method to minimize them. The common discharge method is very simple but far from optimal since the current demand is supplied using all the battery's cells where the current from each is the same. The method we propose is advanced switching algorithms that select a subset of the battery's cells for each current demand and control the discharge current from each, based on the electrochemical properties of the individual cells. We evaluate our proposed algorithms using simulations on world-wide driving cycles. The results reveal that compared to the common discharge method almost all penalties can be eliminated and the battery's life can be significantly extended. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Electric Vehicles (EV) switching algorithms Battery life Lithium ion batteries Battery Management System (BMS)

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Some Considerations on Simplifying Simulation Procedures: Real Time switching algorithms Case Study

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2012年第6期45卷 1716-1721页

作者： C. Lupu D. Popescu R. Gyorodi Politehnica University of Bucharest Bucharest 060042 ROMANIA (Tel: +4021-402-9167) Politehnica University of Bucharest Bucharest 060042 ROMANIA (Tel: +4021-402-9167 University of Oradea Oradea 410096 ROMANIA (Tel: +40-259-408111

The paper starts with a series of experiments to reduce the hardware and software effort required for a simulation process using an identified model. Since the results are consistent, based on the observations of the data related relationship to the minimum necessary is proposed for a simulation that leads to a neglectable error. This relationship is used in the case study made on a multiple model control type architecture that aims to switch smooth control algorithms. The proposed system is implemented and tested in real-time software for a nonlinear plant laboratory.

关键词： Real-time Simulation Discrete time switching algorithms Nonlinear control

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Modeling of switching Control algorithms over the Power Transistors of Bi-directional Synchronous-Vector Rectifier for Storage Battery Charge

Modeling of Switching Control Algorithms over the Power Tran...

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International Conference on Industrial Engineering, Applications and Manufacturing (ICIEAM)

作者： Korobatov, D. Martyanov, A. Solomin, E. South Ural State Univ Chelyabinsk Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9781538643075

In this paper we compared the power transistor switching algorithms of electric energy converters. The algorithms of power keys switching proposed for minimizing the dimensions of filtering components and dynamic losses in switching components of a converter meeting at the same time the requirements for energy quality. We also described the circuit topology of a synchronous-vector rectifier (SVR) model. The proposed algorithms were modeled for the rectifier and inverter modes of operation using the LTSpice software circuit simulator. The obtained results are presented in the form of diagrams. The modeled algorithms provide the performance of functions of a synchronous-vector rectifier both in the rectifier and inverter modes of operation under very "modest" requirements for the parameters of filtering components.

关键词： power converters switching algorithms synchronous rectifier voltage invetrer power quality

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switching Between Swarm Optimization algorithms During a Run: An Empirical Study

Switching Between Swarm Optimization Algorithms During a Run...

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IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI)

作者： Etoeharnowo, Teddy Castelein, Koen Wang, Hao Back, Thomas Leiden Univ LIACS Leiden Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9781728124858

In this paper, it is proposed to switch between swarm optimization algorithms during the optimization process, aiming at combining the best performance from each single swarm optimization algorithm and hence improving the overall empirical performance. To investigate this switching scheme, an empirical study is carried on four swarm algorithms, Particle Swarm Optimization, Gravitational Search, Grey Wolf Optimizer and Chicken Swarm Optimization. All possible switches (combinations) among those four algorithms are tested. In addition, instead of searching for the best switching point, it is prescribed in the experiment. The proposed method is empirically investigated on the so-called Black-Box Optimization Benchmark (BBOB), where the switching method is compared to each individual swarm algorithm as well as using the state-of-the-art black-box optimization algorithm, BIPOP-CMA-ES (BI-population Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy). The result shows that the switching approach generally improves the performance of individual swarm algorithms. However, none of them can rival the performance of the BIPOP-CMA-ES.

关键词： swarm based optimization algorithms switching algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization Gravitational Search algorithm Grey Wolf Optimizer Chicken Swarm Optimization CMA-ES

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Gain reduction in switched sliding-mode control

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IMA JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL CONTROL AND INFORMATION 2008年第1期25卷 23-36页

作者： Ferrara, A. Scattolini, R. Univ Pavia Dipartimento Informat & Sistemist I-27100 Pavia Italy Politecn Milan Dipartimento Elettron & Informaz I-20133 Milan Italy

A switched sliding-mode control strategy for a class of nonlinear uncertain systems is presented in this paper. It is characterized by an event-driven gain reduction mechanism which relies on a decomposition of the system state into regions. By enforcing sliding-mode behaviours on a suitable set of sliding manifolds, while avoiding the generation of limit cycles, the proposed strategy proves to globally asymptotically stabilize the origin of the system state space.

关键词： nonlinear systems uncertain systems sliding-mode control switching algorithms variable structure systems

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Smooth motion control of the adaptive cruise control system by a virtual lead vehicle

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AUTOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY 2012年第1期13卷 77-85页

作者： Kim, S. G. Tomizuka, M. Cheng, K. H. Univ Calif Berkeley Dept Mech Engn Berkeley CA 94720 USA Ind Technol Res Inst Hsinchu 31040 Taiwan

The adaptive cruise control system maintains the appropriate distance to the lead vehicle when the lead vehicle exists and maintains the desired speed when no lead vehicle is detected. A virtual lead vehicle scheme is introduced to make the switching between the speed control algorithm and the distance control algorithm unnecessary and simplify the structure of the control system. The speed and the position of the virtual vehicle can be decided by the control system according to the current situation. Smoother responses are achieved by the virtual lead vehicle scheme compared to the conventional mode switching scheme. This method is also shown to provide a good reaction for when a lead vehicle cuts in or out. A linear quadratic controller with variable weights is suggested to control the virtual lead vehicle. This scheme shows improved performance in terms of passenger comfort and fuel efficiency of the host vehicle.

关键词： Automotive control Cruise control Vehicle dynamics switching algorithms Control algorithm

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Railway collaborative ecodrive via dissension based switching nonlinear model predictive control

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EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CONTROL 2019年 50卷 153-160页

作者： Farooqi, Hafsa Incremona, Gian Paolo Colaneri, Patrizio Politecn Milan Dipartimento Elettron Informaz & Bioingn Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32 I-20133 Milan Italy IEEIT CNR Milan Italy

This paper deals with the design of a switched Nonlinear Model Predictive Controller (NMPC) for collaborative ecodrive control of railway vehicles. Relying on a discrete, switched and nonlinear model of the train, the NMPC optimizes the handle position while fulfilling constraints on velocity and journey time. Specifically, the optimizer provides a set of operating modes, which the human driver is able to implement to modulate traction or braking forces and such that the corresponding driving style is constrained by predefined driving sequences. At network level, a Dissension based Adaptive Law (DAL) is then proposed to adjust the parameters of the NMPC cost so as to efficiently share the available regenerated braking energy among the trains connected to the same substation, while negotiating between constraint satisfaction and control aggressiveness. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is finally demonstrated on a realistic simulation case study. (C) 2019 European Control Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Train control Predictive control Nonlinear control systems switching algorithms

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Multiple model adaptive control with safe switching

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADAPTIVE CONTROL AND SIGNAL PROCESSING 2001年第5期15卷 445-470页

作者： Anderson, BDO Brinsmead, T Liberzon, D Morse, AS Australian Natl Univ Dept Syst Engn Res Sch Informat Sci & Engn Canberra ACT 0200 Australia Univ Illinois Coordinated Sci Lab Urbana IL 61801 USA Yale Univ Dept Elect Engn New Haven CT 06520 USA

The purpose of this paper is to marry the two concepts of multiple model adaptive control and safe adaptive control. In its simplest form, multiple model adaptive control involves a supervisor switching among one of a finite number of controllers as more is learnt about the plant, until one of the controllers is finally selected and remains unchanged. Safe adaptive control is concerned with ensuring that when the controller is changed in an adaptive control algorithm, the frozen plant-controller combination is never (closed-loop) unstable. This is a non-trivial task since by definition of an adaptive control problem, the plant is not fully known. The proposed solution method involves a frequency-de pendent performance measure and employs the Vinnicombe metric, The resulting safe switching guarantees depend on the extent to which a closed-loop transfer function can be accurately identified. Copyright (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： adaptive control switching algorithms stability properties model reference control

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Further results on localization-based switching adaptive control

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AUTOMATICA 2001年第2期37卷 257-263页

作者： Zhivoglyadov, PV Middleton, RH Fu, MY Univ Newcastle Dept Elect & Comp Engn Newcastle NSW 2308 Australia

We investigate a switching adaptive control scheme based on falsification which is conceptually different from existing switching adaptive control schemes. A feature of the proposed localization method is its fast model falsification capability. In the LTI case this is manifested as the rapid convergence of the switching controller. By analysing the geometry of localization we give a complete solution to the problem of optimal localization. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： adaptive control discrete-time systems switching algorithms

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Direct adaptive impedance control including transition phases

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AUTOMATICA 1997年第4期33卷 643-649页

作者： DeWit, CC Brogliato, B INPG UJF 5528 UMR CNRS LAB AUTOMAT GRENOBLE ST MARTIN DHERES FRANCE

This paper presents a new direct adaptive impedance controller for force/position task that includes transition phases from free to constrained motions. This scheme ensures global asymptotic stability without the need for a priori knowledge of environment stiffness. One of the major consequence of this study is that a generalization of the time-varying impedance leads to integral force feedback. Experimental results on a two-degree-of-freedom planar manipulator are reported. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.

关键词： robotic manipulators adaptive control force control switching algorithms Lyapunov stability

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