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Analysis and design of notch filter-based PLLs for grid-connected applications

ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS RESEARCH 2017年第Jun.期147卷 62-69页

作者： Khazraj, Hesam da Silva, F. Faria Bak, Claus Leth Golestan, Saeed Aalborg Univ Dept Energy Technol DK-9220 Aalborg Denmark

Using multiple notch filters (NFs) inside the control loop of a standard PLL is a basic strategy to improve its filtering capability. Often, adaptive NFs (ANFs) are employed for this purpose as they can block the disturbance components even under off-nominal grid frequencies. This advantage is at the cost of a rather considerable increase in the PLL implementation complexity and computational effort, particularly when ANFs have their own frequency estimation mechanism. The non-adaptive NFs (NNFs), contrary to ANFs, are easy to implement. They, however, have received a little attention in PLL applications. Therefore, their performance characteristics are rather unclear. To gain insight about the advantages and disadvantages of NNF-based PLLs (NNF-PLLs), analysis and design of these PLLs is conducted in this paper. This procedure includes: (1) selecting the appropriate number of NNFs inside the PLL control loop, (2) approximating dynamics of cascaded NNFs with a simple first-order low-pass filter, which simplifies the tuning procedure, (3) applying the symmetrical optimum method for selecting the control parameters of the NNF-PLL, and (4) performing extensive experimental results. The obtained results indicate that NNFs can sufficiently mitigate disturbances caused by the presence of harmonics in the PLL input while maintaining a fast dynamic response for the PLL. To be more exact, the NNF-PLL can provide a settling time around 2 cycle of the nominal frequency during phase and frequency jumps while having a peak-to-peak phase error less than 0.2 degrees under a heavily distorted grid condition (THD = 15%). It, however, may not be able to effectively reject the double-frequency disturbance component caused by the grid voltage unbalance. To deal with this problem, a hybrid combination of adaptive/nonadaptive NFs is suggested in this paper. The experimental results show that the resultant PLL, which is called the HNF-PLL, completely removes the grid voltage unbalance, ef

关键词： Frequency estimation Notch filter Phase detection Phase-locked loop synchronous reference frame Synchronization Three-phase systems

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An Improved Sliding-Mode Current Control of Induction Machine in Presence of Voltage Constraints

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL INFORMATICS 2020年第2期16卷 1182-1191页

作者： Wang, Liuping Mishra, Jyoti Zhu, Yuankang Yu, Xinghuo RMIT Univ Royal Melbourne Inst Technol Sch Engn Melbourne Vic Australia

This article proposes a novel approach to design sliding-mode control (SMC) for an induction motor (IM) in the presence of operational constraints. Different from the traditional techniques in SMC, the proposed method assumes the existence of a constant input disturbance and incorporates it in the switching current control law. Effectively, this leads to integral action through disturbance estimation together with an antiwindup mechanism naturally occurring when the control signal reaches its operational limits. The finite-time convergence of the SMC law is established through a Lyapunov analysis. Experimental evaluations are performed on an industrial-sized IM, where the current dynamics of the motor are controlled using SMC, and a velocity proportional-integral (PI) controller is used for the outer-loop control system. Experimental results reveal that the proposed sliding-mode current control systems provide much improved closed-loop control performance over the traditional SMC system. Further comparative experimental studies with well-designed PI current controllers provide insight into the characteristics of the proposed current control systems.

关键词： Antiwindup mechanism asymptotic convergence disturbance estimation induction motor (IM) sliding-mode control (SMC) speed control synchronous reference frame

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Hybrid Dynamic Phasor Modeling Approaches for Accurate Closed-Loop Simulation of Power Converters

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IEEE ACCESS 2022年 10卷 101643-101655页

作者： Gurumurthy, Sriram Karthik Mirz, Markus Amevor, Bernard S. Ponci, Ferdinanda Monti, Antonello Rhein Westfal TH Aachen EON Energy Res Ctr Inst Automat Complex Power Syst D-52062 Aachen Germany Fraunhofer FIT Digital Energy D-53757 Aachen Germany

Modelling the fast dynamics of power converters is of growing concern in power grids and Microgrids. Dynamic phasor (DP) concept has been widely applied to switched power converter for modelling fast transients efficiently due to the inherent frequency shift property of DPs. The dynamics introduced by the DC/AC power converters depend on the controllers, which are implemented either in the stationary frame or on the synchronous reference frame (SRF). Hybrid closed-loop modelling methods that consider DP-based power converter plant model are not established and the applicability and accuracy of such hybrid approaches are not fully understood. This paper attempts to address this gap by proposing two hybrid closed-loop modelling approaches: Hybrid DP-DQ and Hybrid DP-EMT and discusses the applicability and accuracy for various controller types. Furthermore, this paper presents a DP switched model of single and three phase two level power converter and discusses the selection of harmonics to reduce model complexity. The proposed hybrid approaches were validated against detailed switched power converter models and for a wide range of scenarios, the Hybrid DP-EMT method is found to be superior compared other methods. Finally, application dependent recommendations are made for the selection of suitable hybrid closed-loop model for the accurate simulation of single phase and three phase power converters.

关键词： Switches Mathematical models Hybrid power systems Harmonic analysis Power harmonic filters Inverters Integrated circuit modeling Control systems Digital twins Energy management Electric vehicles Power conversion Control systems digital twin dynamic phasor energy conversion environment control system modelling more electric aircraft power electronics power converter simulation synchronous reference frame

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Implementation of a PV Module-Integrated Dual-Boost DC-AC Converter-Based Isolated Microinverter for Grid-Connected Application

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JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION 2020年第2期48卷 1288-1309页

作者： Sarasagopalan, Kamalathiyagarajan Shokkalingam, Chitra Selvi Anajalai Ammal Mahalingam Engn Coll Dept Elect & Elect Engn NH 67 Tiruvarur 614403 Tamil Nadu India Univ Coll Engn Dept Elect & Elect Engn Dindigul 624622 Tamil Nadu India

In this article, a Photovoltaic (PV) array-integrated dual-boost dc-ac converter operating as an isolated single-phase microinverter is presented to track and export the power produced on the PV array to grid and load. The single-phase microinverter, which utilizes the cascaded connection of the dc-dc converter, rectifier, and an inverter, offers high boosting gain with low-duty ratio. However, the cascaded connection of the converters offers low conversion efficiency that is due to the usage of an increased number of power-switching devices. The proposed isolated dual-boost microinverter is designed to offer high Maximum Power Point Tracking efficiency, high conversion ratio, and high conversion efficiency with a reduced number of switches and passive elements. The design considerations and six different modes of the microinverter are presented. The simulated and experimental results are presented to investigate the proposed dual-boost dc-ac converter-operated microinverter.

关键词： photovoltaic module-integrated microinverter maximum power point tracking isolated single-phase microinverter perturb and observe synchronous reference frame dc-ac converter

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Series-parallel active filter/uninterruptible power supply system

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ELECTRIC POWER COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS 2004年第11期32卷 1151-1163页

作者： Nasiri, A Amac, AE Emadi, A IIT ECE Dept Elect Power & Power Elect Ctr Grainger Power Elect & Motor Drives Lab Chicago IL 60616 USA

In this article, a novel series-parallel active filter/uninterruptible power supply (UPS) system is presented. Modeling and analysis of the newly introduced series-parallel UPS topology, along with the three-phase unified power quality conditioner (UPQC), are presented. Similarities and differences of these two topologies in different operating modes are explained. New current and voltage control methods for these systems are described and block diagrams are presented. The power flow in the UPQC and UPS systems and power of each converter are investigated. New term of characteristic power is defined to evaluate the power flow in the presence of harmonies. Simulation and experimental results of both systems are also presented to verify the analysis.

关键词： active filter harmonics line-interactive topology series-parallel configuration synchronous reference frame unified power quality conditioner uninterruptible power supply

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A Novel Mixed Cascade Finite-Time Switching Control Design for Induction Motor

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS 2019年第2期66卷 1172-1181页

作者： Mishra, Jyoti Wang, Liuping Zhu, Yuankang Yu, Xinghuo Jalili, Mahdi Univ Melbourne Sch Engn Melbourne Vic 3000 Australia

This paper presents a novel cascade proportional-integral (PI) continuous second-order sliding mode control (SMC) for induction motor in the presence of operational constraints. The inner-loop SMC is designed to control the current dynamics of the motor, while the outer-loop control is the PI control of speed. The main advantage of the proposed method is that the PI control provides reference to the inner-loop SMC with constraints according to the system requirements in terms of maximum current and speed limits. Moreover, because the inner-loop dynamics of the motor are nonlinear, SMC design has more importance in terms of robustness and disturbance rejection capability. The proposed control is a continuous-time design strategy with fixed-time convergence, while its discretization is performed at the implementation stage. The performance of the developed controller is validated by carrying out real-time experimental studies on an industrial size induction machine. Experimental results demonstrate remarkable robust tracking performance of the controller in terms of transient speed response and steady-state accuracy.

关键词： Fixed-time convergence induction motor (IM) sliding mode control (SMC) speed control synchronous reference frame

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A Low-cost Reconfigurable Field-programmable Gate Array Based Three-phase Shunt Active Power Filter for Current Harmonic Elimination and Power Factor Constraints

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ELECTRIC POWER COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS 2014年第16期42卷 1811-1825页

作者： Siluvaimuthu, Charles Chenniyappan, Vivekanandan Sri Shakthi Inst Engn & Technol Dept Elect & Elect Engn Coimbatore 641062 Tamil Nadu India SNS Coll Engn Dept Elect & Elect Engn Coimbatore Tamil Nadu India

Non-linear loads, such as switched mode power supply, adjustable-speed drives, arc furnaces, etc., result in deterioration of power quality in terms of current harmonics and reactive power demand. Shunt active power filters are widely used to compensate the current harmonics, thereby improving power quality. Digital signal processors and microcontroller units used in digital control of shunt active power filters are constrained by a complex algorithm structure, adaptability, accuracy, the absence of feedback loop delays, and larger execution time. Shunt active power filters require a faster computation update rate to maintain the closed-loop bandwidth, accurate sensing of voltage and current, proper estimation of parameters, and a high frequency pulse-width modulation. In this article, a low-cost single all-on-chip field-programmable gate array implements the digital control of a three-phase shunt active power filter. This proposed implementation scheme has much less execution time and boosts the overall performance of the system. All required tasks of a typical shunt active power filter are implemented with a low-cost single all-on chip field-programmable gate array module that provides freedom to reconfigure for any other applications. Additional features, such as anti-windup, over-sampling, and time multiplexing, are also added to improve the overall performance. The proposed system is designed to meet IEEE 519 and IEC EN 61000-3 recommendations in terms of harmonic elimination and unity power factor requirements. The entire algorithm is coded, processed, and simulated using Xilinx 12.1 ISE Suite to estimate the advantages of the proposed system. This code is also defused on the low-cost single all-on-chip Xilinx Spartan 3A DSP-XC3SD1800 laboratory prototype, and experimental results obtained match with simulated counterparts. The proposed control scheme for the shunt active power filter results in reduces current harmonics under dynamic and steady-state operatin

关键词： shunt active power filter reactive power synchronous reference frame harmonic compensation digital control field-programmable gate array

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Closed-Loop Control for a Rotational Core Loss Tester

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS 2018年第6期54卷 5888-5896页

作者： Akiror, Jemimah C. Kaarthik, R. Sudharshan Wanjiku, John Pillay, Pragasen Merkhouf, Arezki Uganda Elect Generat Co Ltd Kampala 75831 Uganda Indian Inst Space Sci & Technol Dept Avion Thiruvananthapuram 695547 Kerala India Mentor Infolyt Montreal PQ H2X 4B3 Canada Concordia Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Montreal PQ H3G 1M8 Canada Hydro Qubec Res Inst IREQ Varennes PQ J3X 1S1 Canada

In this paper, a flux density waveform controller is proposed for core loss measurements under rotating magnetic fields in the electrical steel. It is based on a vector control scheme in the synchronous dq reference frame. The proposed dq vector controller eliminates the need of commonly used harmonic compensation techniques;improving the execution and convergence times of the controller. Furthermore, it eliminates the need of filters and transformer isolators, which further reduces delays, thus improving the system's dynamic response. The performance of the controller is analyzed using simulations and validated experimentally. The proposed controller is experimentally shown to control the magnetic flux waveforms within 2% of the reference flux density signals at very high densities (up to 1.9 T) under sinusoidal conditions, and up to 1.2 T under nonsinusoidal conditions.

关键词： Core losses feedback control flux density magnetic measurement nonsinusoidal flux density waveforms rotational core losses synchronous reference frame vector control

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Improved Direct Power Control of Shunt Active Power Filter with Minimum Reactive Power Variation and Minimum Apparent Power Variation Approaches

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY 2017年第3期12卷 1124-1136页

作者： Trivedi, Tapankumar Jadeja, Rajendrasinh Bhatt, Praghnesh Marwadi Educ Foundat Grp Inst EE Dept Rajkot Gujarat India Charotar Univ Sci & Technol M&V Patel Dept Elect Engn EE Dept Changa India Marwadi Educ Foundat Grp Inst Fac Engn Rajkot Gujarat India CS Patel Inst Technol Dept Elect Engn Charusat India

Direct Power Control technique has become popular in the grid connected Voltage Source Converter (VSC) applications due to its simplicity, direct voltage vector selection and improved dynamic performance. In this paper, a direct method to determine the effect of voltage vector on the instantaneous active and reactive power variations is developed. An alternative Look Up Table is proposed which minimizes the commutations in the converter and results in minimum reactive power variation. The application of suggested table is established for Shunt Active Power Filter (SAPF) application. The Predictive Direct Power Control method, which minimizes apparent power variation, is further investigated to reduce commutations in converters. Both the methods are validated using 2 kVA laboratory prototype of Shunt Active Power Filters (SAPF).

关键词： Direct power control synchronous reference frame Active power filters

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Decoupled Control Scheme of Grid-Connected Split-Source Inverters

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS 2017年第8期64卷 6202-6211页

作者： Abdelhakim, Ahmed Mattavelli, Paolo Boscaino, Valeria Lullo, Giuseppe Univ Padua Dept Management & Engn I-35122 Padua Italy Univ Palermo Dept Energy Informat Engn & Math Models I-90133 Palermo Italy

Grid-connected power conversion systems for renewable energy sourcesmust fulfill several requirements, e.g., the high efficiency, the reduced cost and complexity, and, quite often, the boost capabilities that is usually achieved using a front-end dc-dc boost converter before the inversion stage, leading to a two-stage architecture. Meanwhile, single-stage power conversion systems, which perform the boosting operation within the inversion one, offer some potential advantages, in terms of reducing the complexity and the volume of the whole system. Among several proposed options, the split-source inverter (SSI) has been recently proposed by Abdelhakim et al. as an alternative option with some interesting features to the commonly used Z-source inverter. Taking into account that the SSI is controlled by a single parameter, i.e., its dc and ac sides are controlled by the modulation index, it is of paramount importance to investigate its control scheme in grid-connected mode, which has never been studied yet. Hence, this paper models the SSI dc side and proposes amodifiedmodulation scheme combined with the commonly used synchronous reference frame control technique to achieve a decoupled control scheme of the SSI in grid-connected mode, i.e., the dc and the ac sides of the SSI can be controlled independently, which is convenient for many applications. The introduced control scheme is analyzed and simulated using a MATLAB/Simulink model, where a reduced scale 1-kVA grid-connected SSI is designed and simulated for the sake of experimental validation. Finally, the designed system is implemented experimentally to validate and verify the reported analysis and simulations.

关键词： Decoupled control grid connected impedance-based inverters renewable energy sources (RESs) single-stage space vector split-source inverter (SSI) synchronous reference frame voltage-source inverter (VSI) Z-source inverter (ZSI)

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