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tcp Flow Classification and Bandwidth Aggregation in Optically Interconnected Data Center Networks

JOURNAL OF OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING 2016年第10期8卷 777-786页

作者： Rastegarfar, Houman Glick, Madeleine Viljoen, Nicolaas Yang, Mingwei Wissinger, John LaComb, Lloyd Peyghambarian, Nasser Univ Arizona Coll Opt Sci Tucson AZ 85721 USA Chalmers Univ Technol Dept Signals & Syst S-41296 Gothenburg Sweden Netronome Syst 2903 Bunker Lane Santa Clara CA 95054 USA

Optical functionality is being used to realize new data center architectures that minimize electronic switching overheads, pushing the processing to the edge of the network. A challenge in optically interconnected data center networks is to identify the large, bandwidth-hungry flows ( i.e., elephants) and efficiently establish the optical circuits. Moreover, the amount of optical resources to be provisioned during the network planning phase is a critical design problem. Flow classification accuracy affects the efficiency of optical circuits. Optical channel bandwidth, on the other hand, directly relates to the additive-increase, multiplicative-decrease congestion control mechanism of the transmission control protocol and affects the effective bandwidth allocated to elephant flows. In this paper, we simultaneously investigate the impact of two important mechanisms on data center network performance: traffic flow classification accuracy and optical bandwidth aggregation ( i.e., the consolidation of several low-capacity channels into a single high-capacity one by employing advanced modulation formats for short-reach communications). We develop a discrete-event simulator for a hybrid data center network, enabling the tuning of flow classification parameters. Our simulations indicate that data center performance is highly sensitive to the aggregation level. We could observe up to a 74.5% improvement in network throughput only due to consolidating the optical channel bandwidth. We further noticed that the role of flow classification becomes more pronounced with higher bandwidth per wavelength as well as with more hot-spot traffic. Compared to a random classification benchmark, adaptive flow classification could lead to throughput improvements as large as 54.7%.

关键词： Bandwidth aggregation Congestion control Data center Elephant flow Flow classification Machine learning Mouse flow tcp protocol

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ItswTCM: a new aggregate marker to improve fairness in DiffServ

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COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS 2003年第9期26卷 1018-1027页

作者： Su, H Atiquzzaman, M Univ Oklahoma Sch Comp Sci Norman OK 73019 USA Armstrong Atlantic State Univ Sch Comp Savannah GA 31419 USA

Recent demands for real time applications have given rise to a need for Quality of Service (QoS) in the Internet. Differentiated Services (DiffServ) is one of such efforts currently pursued by IETF. Previous researchers found unfairness in the DiffServ network. To solve the unfairness problem, we propose a new TSW based three-color marker (ItswTCM), which achieves proportional fair share of excess bandwidth among aggregates in a DiffServ network. We have compared the fairness of our proposed ItswTCM marker with srTCM, trTCM, and tswTCM. Results show that our proposed marker performs better than the other three schemes for low to medium network provision level (20-70%);we believe that all well provisioned network will operate in this region. Results also show that our proposed marker is not as sensitive to the number of flows in an aggregate as the previous marking schemes. We point out that yellow packets play a significant role in achieving proportional fair share of excess bandwidth among aggregates. We conclude that in order to achieve proportional fair sharing of excess bandwidth, it is important to inject right amount of yellow packets into the network. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： tcp protocol quality of service differentiated services traffic marker

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Novel Quick Start (QS) method for optimization of tcp

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WIRELESS NETWORKS 2016年第1期22卷 211-222页

作者： Zhang, De-gan Zheng, Ke Zhao, De-xin Song, Xiao-dong Wang, Xiang Tianjin Univ Technol Key Lab Comp Vis & Syst Minist Educ Tianjin Peoples R China Tianjin Univ Technol Tianjin Key Lab Intelligent Comp & Novel Software Tianjin Peoples R China Univ Sydney Sch Elect & Informat Engn Sydney NSW 2006 Australia

With the development of Internet, various kinds of new applications appear constantly. They all have high requirements to the time delay, throughput, especially strong real-time applications such as mobile monitoring, video calls. The satellite network in Navigation Satellite System, which is necessary for the mobile monitoring, has many disadvantages such as asymmetric bandwidth, unstable network, high bit error rate and so on. This is a new challenge to the existing congestion control method. In order to improve the performance of congestion control mechanism, we put forward tcp-QS (Quick Start) from the tcp protocol control in this paper. tcp-QS algorithm mainly optimize the slow start stage. At the beginning of the connection, the value of parameter cwnd is set as a larger value according to the detected network bandwidth in which way, the time of the slow start stage is shortened during the transmission, and is adjusted the value of parameter ssthresh dynamically according to the change of network. When packet loss occurs, it takes different methods according to the different reasons.

关键词： Congestion control tcp protocol Optimization Slow start QS

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Stability and analysis of tcp connections with RED control and exogenous traffic

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QUEUEING SYSTEMS 2004年第3-4期48卷 193-235页

作者： Sharma, V Purkayastha, P Indian Inst Sci Dept Elect Commun Engn Bangalore 560012 Karnataka India

In this paper we study the stability and performance of a system involving several tcp connections passing through a tandem of RED controlled queues each of which has an incoming exogenous stream. The exogenous stream, representing the superposition of all incoming UDP connections into a queue, has been modeled as an MMPP stream. We consider both the tcp Tahoe and the tcp Reno versions. We start with the analysis of a single tcp connection sharing a RED controlled queue with an exogenous stream. The effect of the exogenous stream (which is almost always present in large networks) is to cause the system to converge to a stationary distribution from any initial conditions. This stability result holds good for any work conserving discipline. We also obtain the performance indices of the system;specifically the goodputs and the mean sojourn times of the various connections. The complexity involved in computation of performance indices for the system is reduced by approximating the evolution of the average queue length process of the RED queue by a deterministic ODE. Then, by using a decomposition approach of two time scales, we reduce the study of the system to that of a simplified one for which the performance measures can be obtained under stationarity. Finally, we extend the above results to the case when multiple tcp connections share a RED controlled queue with an exogenous stream and to the case when a tcp connection passes through several RED controlled tandem queues each of which has an incoming exogenous stream. We also consider an example of multiple tcps passing through a tandem of queues. A number of simulation results have been provided which support the analysis.

关键词： tcp protocol two time scale decomposition performance analysis RED control

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USER-PROCESS COMMUNICATION PERFORMANCE IN NETWORKS OF COMPUTERS

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 1988年第1期14卷 38-53页

作者： CABRERA, LF HUNTER, E KARELS, MJ MOSHER, DA SUN MICROSYST INC MT VIEWCA 94043 PYRAMID TECHNOL CORP MT VIEWCA 94039 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY DEPT ELECT ENGN & COMP SCICOMP STUDIES RES GRPBERKELEYCA 94720

Berkeley UNIX® 4.2BSD is an operating system that provides alternative ways for processes to communicate with each other. User processes may choose intermachine communications media, network protocols, addressing families, and styles of communication. In particular, user processes may use datagram or stream communication. In this paper we present a study of the performance achieved by user processes when using the IPC mechanisms as implemented in Berkeley UNIX 4.2BSD in Ethernet based environments. This study not only assesses the impact that different processors, network hardware interfaces, and Ethernets have on the communication across machines, but also the effect of the loading of the hosts and communication media that participate in the interprocess communication mechanism. Our measurement highlight the ultimate bounds on performance that may be achieved by user process applications communicating across machines, and serve as a guide in designing performance critical applications. Moreover, we present a detailed timing analysis of the dynamic behavior of the tcp/IP and the UDP/IP net- work communication protocols' implementation in Berkeley UNIX 4.2BSD. This analysis sheds light on architectural constraints of UNIX, on the tradeoffs encountered when software and hardware perform the same actions on data (e.g., checksums) and when several buffering schemes coexist at different levels in a system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

关键词： Artificial workload benchmark Berkeley UNIX datagram distributed computing dynamic program profile Ethernet interprocess communication IP protocol network performance software performance tcp protocol UDP protocol virtual circuit

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A P2P Botnet detection scheme based on decision tree and adaptive multilayer neural networks

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NEURAL COMPUTING & APPLICATIONS 2018年第11期29卷 991-1004页

作者： Alauthaman, Mohammad Aslam, Nauman Zhang, Li Alasem, Rafe Hossain, M. A. Northumbria Univ Fac Engn & Environm Dept Comp Sci & Digital Technol Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST Tyne & Wear England Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic Univ Dept Elect Engn Fac Engn Riyadh Saudi Arabia Anglia Ruskin Univ Informat Technol Inst Bishop Lane Chelmsford CM1 1SQ Essex England

In recent years, Botnets have been adopted as a popular method to carry and spread many malicious codes on the Internet. These malicious codes pave the way to execute many fraudulent activities including spam mail, distributed denial-of-service attacks and click fraud. While many Botnets are set up using centralized communication architecture, the peer-to-peer (P2P) Botnets can adopt a decentralized architecture using an overlay network for exchanging command and control data making their detection even more difficult. This work presents a method of P2P Bot detection based on an adaptive multilayer feed-forward neural network in cooperation with decision trees. A classification and regression tree is applied as a feature selection technique to select relevant features. With these features, a multilayer feed-forward neural network training model is created using a resilient back-propagation learning algorithm. A comparison of feature set selection based on the decision tree, principal component analysis and the ReliefF algorithm indicated that the neural network model with features selection based on decision tree has a better identification accuracy along with lower rates of false positives. The usefulness of the proposed approach is demonstrated by conducting experiments on real network traffic datasets. In these experiments, an average detection rate of 99.08 % with false positive rate of 0.75 % was observed.

关键词： P2P Bot Multilayer neural network CART algorithm tcp protocol C&C Resilient back-propagation

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Towards a transmission control mechanism for data centres based on flow deadline and size over software defined networking

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTERNET protocol TECHNOLOGY 2023年第3期16卷 148-160页

作者： Yu, Tianfang Qiu, Xuesong Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun Sch Comp Sci State Key Lab Networking & Switching Technol Beijing Peoples R China

Data centres (DCN) support lots of online services, which possess strict deadline constraints. Some research shows that tcp protocol cannot provide deadline-aware transmission services for intra-DCN traffic, because tcp protocol cannot learn about upper application information and always fairly allocate bottleneck bandwidth. As a result, those throughput-sensitive flows have bigger sending windows, yet deadline-aware flows have to queue for forwarding along with longer delays. To address the issue above, we present DSATC, a transmission control mechanism based on flow deadline and size. DSATC uses double ECN thresholds to mark packets, takes the remaining completion time and size of a flow to calculate the flow urgency and redefines the adjustment method of the congestion window (CWND) to balance congestion control and flow deadline completion rate. The experimental results show that DSATC not only efficiently raises flow deadline completion rate and reduces flow completion time but also lifts network throughput.

关键词： data centre SDN deadline-aware congestion control tcp protocol

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Data grid deployment for high energy physics in Japan

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COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS 2007年第1-2期177卷 239-242页

作者： Sakamoto, Hiroshi Univ Tokyo ICEPP Tokyo Japan

Recent activities in Japan to deploy a data grid for high energy physics will be reported. Japanese collaboration of LHC-ATLAS experiment is now preparing a Tier-2 analysis center at Tokyo. Several institutes/universities have grid facilities and they are connected to the Tokyo Tier-2 center. Collaborators of Phenix of RHIC at BNL and CDF of Tevatron at FNAL are also using grid tools for data transmission. KEK-CRC is also hosting the Belle experiment VO and is running a site for it as a part of LCG. A general purpose virtual organization for Japanese high energy physics society is to be launched. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： data grid high energy physics distributed data analysis data transmission tcp protocol

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An Ad-hoc storage system for hotspot service

An Ad-hoc storage system for hotspot service

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4th International Conference on Computer Science and Education

作者： Yu, Xin Feng, Dan Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Sch Comp Sci & Technol Wuhan Natl Lab Optoelect Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424435197

Hotspot wireless service attracts more and more attention all over the world. The demands for convenient, low-power, cost-effective, reliable hotspot access service urges the new technology emerging. The existing wireless access service system could not fulfill all of the above requirements for quickly growing users. Wireless AP (access point) and router system provide only networks access service, no additional service, these systems have limited performance due to the tcp throughput drop in heterogeneous environment. In our proposed solution - Lynx hotspot service system, we provide the system for hotspot service which achieved balance among good throughput, concurrent user capacity and energy saving. The system caches the data from Internet while serving access users, also using distributed caching method in the wireless service area. The result of our preparatory evaluation of the system shows that it can outperform the conventional hotspot service systems.

关键词： hotspot ad-hoc service tcp protocol throughput cache

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A model based on congestion pricing for QoS

A model based on congestion pricing for QoS

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1st International Conference on Computer Networks and Mobile Computing

作者： Cui, XW Lu, MQ Feng, ZM Tsing Hua Univ Dept Elect Engn Beijing 100084 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)0769513816

Fairness of resource allocation scheme is very important for the realizing Quality of Service (QoS) in Internet. But current scheme implementing tcp protocol is unfair for the users with different Round Trip Times (RTTs). In this paper, we introduce a new model based on dynamic congestion price that can guarantee fairness of allocating resource between users with different RTTs. Thereby the scheme on this model can provide differential services easily.

关键词： Internet transport protocols resource allocation tariffs congestion pricing quality of service tcp protocol resource allocation Internet

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