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An Internet friendly transport protocol for continuous media over best effort networks

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS 2002年第10期15卷 881-898页

作者： ElAarag, H Bassiouni, M Stetson Univ Dept Math & Comp Sci Deland FL 32723 USA Univ Cent Florida Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci Orlando FL 32816 USA

In this paper, we design and evaluate an Internet friendly transport-level protocol (IFTP) for solving the tcp-friendly problem. IFTP has two modes of operation. In the standard mode, the IFTP connection faithfully emulates the behaviour of tcp in order to roughly obtain a bandwidth equal to that of a tcp connection. In the extended mode, a simple modification is used to grant QoS-differentiated services to selected connections. Connections running in the extended mode can get enhanced bandwidth while still emulating the general behaviour of tcp. We develop an analytical model for the congestion control mechanism of IFTP. We also derive analytically the amount of bandwidth that IFTP may be able to claim from tcp in ideal and non-ideal environments. We evaluate IFTP through simulation and prove its tcp friendliness as well as provide performance results on some of the important metrics such as packet delay, delay jitter, packet loss and link utilization. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.

关键词： congestion control tcp-friendly protocols best effort networks media streaming differentiated services network simulation Internet health

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tcp-Real: receiver-oriented congestion control

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COMPUTER NETWORKS 2002年第4期40卷 477-497页

作者： Tsaoussidis, V Zhang, C Northeastern Univ Coll Comp Sci Boston MA 02115 USA

We introduce a receiver-oriented approach to congestion control, demonstrated by an experimental protocol, tcp-Real. The protocol allows for a measurement-based transmission strategy, which complements the "blind" increase/decrease window adjustments. Owing to its design, the protocol displays an inherent property to produce comprehensive dynamics in heterogeneous environments with wired or wireless networks and delay-sensitive or -tolerant applications. tcp-Real controls congestion as standard tcp does. However, its receiver-oriented nature and its "wave" communication pattern allow for two amending mechanisms: (i) congestion avoidance, which reduces unnecessary transmission gaps that hurt the performance of time-constrained applications, and (ii) advanced error detection and classification, which designates recovery tactics responsive to the nature of the errors, thereby enhancing the protocol performance over wireless links or asymmetric paths. We detail the protocol mechanisms and specification and we report extensively on the comparative fairness and efficiency evaluation of standard tcp, tcp-Real, and tcp-friendly protocols for both delay-tolerant and -sensitive applications and in both wired and wireless networks. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： congestion control tcp tcp-friendly protocols real-time protocols mobile/wireless networks

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On the efficiency of tcp-friendly window adjustment strategies in wired/wireless networks

On the efficiency of TCP-friendly window adjustment strategi...

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Conference on Scalability and Traffic Control in IP Networks II

作者： Zhang, C Tsaoussidis, V Northeastern Univ Coll Comp Sci Boston MA 02115 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819446475

tcp(alpha,beta) protocols parameterize the congestion window increase value alpha and decrease ratio beta, motivated by the QoS requirements of multimedia applications for smooth rate adjustments. Based on a projection of the expected throughput of standard tcp(l, 1/2), modified versions of the protocol have been designed to generate smoother traffic patterns and to maintain a friendly behavior. In this paper, we study the design assumptions of tcp(alpha,beta) and we discuss the impact of equation-based modulation of alpha and beta on application efficiency. We confirm experimentally that, in general, smoothness and responsiveness constitute a tradeoff;however, we uncover undesirable dynamics of the protocols when the network is heterogeneous (wired/wireless) or the flow characteristics do not follow a prescribed and static behavior. For example, we show that smooth backward adjustments confine the protocol's capability to exploit resources that become available rapidly after a handoff in mobile network, and embarrass the fair and efficient growth of incoming flows. Furthermore, we show that in the context of wireless networks with high error rate, a low alpha dictates a conservative behavior that degrades the protocol performance with both best-effort and real-time applications;and in the context of high contention of heterogeneous flows, a low alpha does not contribute to efficiency and friendliness.

关键词： congestion control tcp-friendly protocols tcp(alpha,beta) mobile/wireless computing real-time applications QoS

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