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10th International Conference on Interaction Design and Children (IDC)

作者： Wang, Danli Zhang, Cheng Wang, Hongan Chinese Acad Sci Inst Software Beijing Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Grad Univ Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781450307512

This paper presents a tangible programming tool 'T-Maze' for children aged 5 to 9. Children could use T-Maze to create their own maze maps and complete some maze escaping tasks by the tangible programming blocks and sensors. T-Maze uses a camera to, in real-time, catch the programming sequence of the wooden blocks' arrangement, which will be used to analyze the semantic correctness and enable the children to receive feedbacks immediately. And children could join in the game by controlling the sensors during program's running. A user study shows that T-Maze is an interesting programming approach for children and easy to learn and use.

关键词： tangible programming Children tangible User Interface programming Languages Education Maze Sensors

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End-User programming of Manipulator Robots in Situated tangible programming Paradigm 13

End-User Programming of Manipulator Robots in Situated Tangi...

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13th Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI)

作者： Sefidgar, Yasaman S. Cakmak, Maya Univ Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450356152

While the cost of creating robots is declining, deploying them in industry remains expensive. Widespread use of robots, particularly in smaller industries, is more easily realized if robot programming is accessible to non-programmers. Our research explores techniques to lower the barrier to robot programming. In one such attempt, we propose situated tangible robot programming to program a robot by placing specially designed tangible blocks in its workspace. These blocks are used for annotating objects, locations, or regions, and specifying actions and their ordering. The robot compiles a program by detecting blocks and objects in the environment and grouping them into instructions by solving constraints. We designed a preliminary tangible language and blocks and evaluated the intuitiveness and learnability of the approach. Our user studies provide evidence for the promise of situated tangible programming and identify the challenges to address. In addition to improving the block design and extending the language, we are planning to integrate tangible programming into a holistic ecosystem of a programming environment in future.

关键词： End-User programming Robot programming Tools tangible programming Situated programming

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Coder and Coder Cards: A Novel tangible programming Approach for Young Programmers

Coder and Coder Cards: A Novel Tangible Programming Approach...

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IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL/HCC)

作者： Lin, Yuhan Weintrop, David McKenna, Jason Univ Maryland Teaching & Learning Policy & Leadership College Pk MD 20742 USA VEX Robot Greenville TX USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350329469

This paper introduces the VEX 123 Coder and Coder cards, a novel approach for supporting novices programming a small robotic device. The VEX 123 Coder is a plastic device, similar in size and shape to a smartphone, that connects to the VEX 123 Robot via Bluetooth, and allows young users to define robot instructions by sliding predefined Coder cards into slots on the Coder. This approach blends features of tangible programming with key conceptual underpinnings and interaction patterns used in block-based programming and beyond. In this paper, we present key design and technical features of the Coder and Coder cards, and the results of elementary classroom testing sessions showing how the Coder and Coder cards can support youth in authoring programs. This work contributes a new programming approach to the literature on how to introduce youth to the practice of programming.

关键词： Computer Science Education Block-based programming tangible programming Child-computer interaction

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AR-C&P: A tangible programming for Children Based Augmented Reality 10

AR-C&P: A Tangible Programming for Children Based Augmented ...

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Joint Meeting of the 10th International Symposium of Chinese CHI (Chinese CHI) / International Workshop on Human-Engaged Computing (IWHEC)

作者： Zhao, Yanyan Feng, Shuo Wang, Danli Chinese Acad Sci Inst Automat Beijing Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Sch Artificial Intelligence Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781450398695

Augmented Reality (AR) technology enables continuous visual feedback and varied digital scenes on the real world. This paper presents AR-C&P, an AR-based tangible programming tool for young children. It allows children to create AR maze map with low-cost materials and plan the route by constructing tangible program sequences. Meanwhile, a variety of real-time visual feedback from the screen will be superimposed on the real scenes of the whole process. AR-C&P is intuitive and intriguing which could enrich children's creating experience, develops their cognitive developmental skills and helps children learn fundamental programming concepts. We conducted two experiments. The first experiment reveals the relationship between task completion and cognitive developmental skills. The second experiment reveals the effect of AR on learning programming.

关键词： Augmented Reality programming languages tangible programming children edutainment

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Shape of Music: AR-based tangible programming Tool for Music Visualization 23

Shape of Music: AR-based Tangible Programming Tool for Music...

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22nd Annual ACM Interaction Design and Children Conference (IDC)

作者： Jin, Qiao Wang, Danli Yun, Haoran Yarosh, Svetlana Univ Minnesota Dept Comp Sci & Engn Minneapolis MN 55455 USA Chinese Acad Sci Inst Automat Beijing Peoples R China Univ Politecn Cataluna ViRVIG Res Ctr Barcelona Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9798400701313

Integrating music into Computer Science (CS) education can stimulate children's creativity, change the stereotypical perspective of CS, and encourage women, ethnic or cultural minorities involved in the Computer Science area. In this paper, we use Augmented Reality (AR) technology to design a tangible programming system - AR-MPro for children, acting as a bridge between programming and music. It allows children to create customized AR effects to visualize music with low-cost materials by constructing tangible program sequences. AR-MPro is expected to broaden participation in computing, and be more intuitive, intriguing and instructional to enrich children's creating and programming experiences.

关键词： Augmented Reality AR music tangible programming creation children computational thinking.

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A tangible programming system conveying event handling concept 15

A tangible programming system conveying event handling conce...

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14th International Conference on Interaction Design and Children, IDC 2015

作者： Wang, Danli Qi, Yunfeng Zhang, Lan State Key Laboratory of Computer Sciences Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Beijing Key Lab of Human-Computer Interaction Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781450335904

tangible User Interfaces (TUIs) can create opportunities to learn programming for children, which have positive effect on children's development. TanProRobot is a tangible system designed for children at grade 1-2 to learn programming concepts. It consists of three parts, tangible programming blocks, the robot car and the manipulatives. The input and output of the system are both tangible. Children can program the robot car to act certain actions by arranging programming blocks. Also, children can interact with the car with manipulatives. TanProRobot aims to introduce event handling concept and sensors to children. During the game, children can also learn some traffic rules, which are import to self-security. © 2015 ACM.

关键词： tangible user interface tangible programming programming languages children

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Evaluating children performance with graphical and tangible robot programming tools

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PERSONAL AND UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING 2015年第1期19卷 225-237页

作者： Sapounidis, Theodosios Demetriadis, Stavros Stamelos, Ioannis Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki Dept Informat GR-54006 Thessaloniki Greece

This paper presents a cross-age study exploring children's performance on robot introductory programming activities with one tangible and one isomorphic graphical system. Both subsystems are parts of an innovative system, namely the PROTEAS kit. The tangible subsystem consists of cube-shaped blocks that represent simple and more advanced programming structures. Users may interconnect the cubic-shaped commands and so create the robot programming code. The graphical subsystem presents onscreen an isomorphic to the tangible programming space. Children (N = 109) of five different aged groups were let to interact in pairs with the two operationally equivalent programming subsystems with the scope to program a NXT Lego robot. Three variables associated with children performance upon tasks and four variables related with performance during free interaction were studied. Data analysis based on computer logs and video recordings showed that children produced fewer errors, made more effective debugging and younger children in particular needed less time to accomplish the robot programming tasks with the tangible subsystem. Moreover, during free interaction, elder children were more engaged, created more complicated programs and explored different commands and parameters more actively in the tangible case. Finally, interpretation of the findings is provided and the advantages of tangible user interfaces in children's introductory programming are discussed.

关键词： Computer science education Educational technology Educational robot Introductory programming tangible programming tangible user interface

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AR-C&P: A tangible programming for Children Based Augmented Reality 22

AR-C&P: A Tangible Programming for Children Based Augmented ...

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Proceedings of the Tenth International Symposium of Chinese CHI

作者： Danli Wang Yanyan Zhao Shuo Feng The State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences China and School of Artificial Intelligence University of Chinese Academy of Sciences China

ISBN: (纸本)9781450398695

Augmented Reality (AR) technology enables continuous visual feedback and varied digital scenes on the real world. This paper presents AR-C&P, an AR-based tangible programming tool for young children. It allows children to create AR maze map with low-cost materials and plan the route by constructing tangible program sequences. Meanwhile, a variety of real-time visual feedback from the screen will be superimposed on the real scenes of the whole process. AR-C&P is intuitive and intriguing which could enrich children’s creating experience, develops their cognitive developmental skills and helps children learn fundamental programming concepts. We conducted two experiments. The first experiment reveals the relationship between task completion and cognitive developmental skills. The second experiment reveals the effect of AR on learning programming.

关键词： Augmented Reality children edutainment programming languages tangible programming

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tangible and graphical programming with experienced children: A mixed methods analysis

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International Journal of Child-Computer Interaction 2019年第Mar.期19卷 67-78页

作者： Sapounidis, Theodosios Demetriadis, Stavros Papadopoulos, Pantelis M. Stamovlasis, Dimitrios Department of Informatics Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Greece Centre for Teaching Development and Digital Media Aarhus University Denmark Department of Philosophy and Education Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Greece

This study applies a mixed methods approach to analyze usability, collaboration, and playfulness aspects in introductory programming activities with tangible and graphical user interfaces of two groups of students (24 primary-scholars, 8–9yo;and 14 high-scholars, 12–13yo). The students had prior experience with the two interfaces, having used them in a previous study, a year earlier. In the present work, students started programming in dyads and used both interfaces (graphical - tangible) once again, but without scaffolding and user instructions. Initially, the students carried out programming tasks and then they were allowed to freely interact with the system and develop their programs in order to explore programming concepts on their own. Quantitative and qualitative analysis were based on Fun Toolkit survey, interviews, computer logs, and video records. Usability analysis focused on retention, error rate, and convenience and showed that although no difference between the two interfaces recorded, students’ perceived impression on retention was in favor of the tangible interface. Moreover, interaction with the tangible interface was perceived as more playful by all students and more appropriate for collaborative work by elder students and girls. Finally, gender effects regarding students’ preferences, mostly on the graphical interface, were recorded and analyzed. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Children-computer interaction Graphical interface Introductory programming tangible interface tangible programming

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RobotIST: Interactive Situated tangible Robot programming 18

RobotIST: Interactive Situated Tangible Robot Programming

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ACM Symposium on Spatial User Interaction (SUI)

作者： Sefidgar, Yasaman S. Weng, Thomas Harvey, Heather Elliott, Sarah Cakmak, Maya Univ Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450357081

Situated tangible robot programming allows programmers to reference parts of the workspace relevant to the task by indicating objects, locations, and regions of interest using tangible blocks. While it takes advantage of situatedness compared to traditional text-based and visual programming tools, it does not allow programmers to inspect what the robot detects in the workspace, nor to understand any programming or execution errors that may arise. In this work we propose to use a projector mounted on the robot to provide such functionality. This allows us to provide an interactive situated tangible programming experience, taking advantage of situatedness, both in user input and system output, to reference parts of the robot workspace. We describe an implementation and evaluation of this approach, highlighting its differences from traditional robot programming.

关键词： Robot programming tangible programming Situated programming Direct Manipulation Transparency

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