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International Conference on Computer, Control, Electrical, and Electronics Engineering (ICCCEEE)

作者： Mawahib Gafare Ahmed J. O. Dennis M. H. Md Khir Almur. A. S. Rabih Department of Electronic Engineering University of Gezira WadMedani Sudan Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Perak Malaysia Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Perak Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9781538641248

Operating temperature is crucial for a Polysilicon Multi-User Micro electro-mechanical system Processes (PolyMUMPs) gas sensor considering the serious impacts on sensors' selectivity and reliability. While it is difficult to measure this operating temperature because the size of the sensor. This paper studies the characterization of micro-heater and temperature sensor made of gold metal, embedded in the device. The measured resistance for the temperature sensor is found to be close to the modelled values within 0.69 % error. temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) of the temperature sensor in a range of 25-105°C is found. TCR increases Iinearly with increasing the temperature and decreases Iinearly with decreasing the temperature. It was found to be 0.00326/°C for the increasing temperature and 0.0034/°C for the decreasing temperature, compared to 0.00325/°C reported TCR for gold in the literature, with an error of 4.12% and 4.37%, respectively.

关键词： gas sensors gold micromachining microsensors temperature sensors temperature sensor device component Microsensors Microtechnology Gold Gas sensors Gas detection Microelectromechanical systems T lymphocyte receptor operating temperature

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Improving Energy Consumption of a Commercial Building with IoT and Machine Learning

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IT PROFESSIONAL 2018年第5期20卷 30-38页

作者： Javed, Abbas Larijani, Hadi Wixted, Andrew COMSATS Inst Informat Technol Dept Elect Engn Islamabad Pakistan Glasgow Caledonian Univ Sch Engn & Built Environm Dept Comp Commun & Interact Syst Comp Networks & Intelligent Syst Glasgow Lanark Scotland Griffith Coll Brisbane Qld Australia

The critical requirements for devices connected to the Internet of Things are long battery life, long coverage range, and low deployment cost. The authors developed a machine-learning-based smart controller for a commercial building's HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) system using LoRa (a long-range, low-power wireless platform) and compared it with short-range RF communication in an indoor setting. Results show that LoRa's coverage range was 60.4 percent more than short-range communication inside the building. The smart controller was capable of identifying when a room was unoccupied and turning off the HVAC, reducing its energy consumption up to 19.8 percent.

关键词： temperature sensors Intelligent sensors Base stations Transceivers Monitoring Internet of Things Energy consumption Machine learning Smart devices Controllers energy consumption Transceivers BASE STATION short-range communication Machine Learning intelligent sensors Internet of things commercial buildings Controllers heating ventilation and air conditioning Smart devices temperature sensor device component Artificial Intelligence

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Heat and mass transfer in a square microchannel with asymmetric heating

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER 2004年第1期47卷 87-99页

作者： van Male, P de Croon, MHJM Tiggelaar, RM van den Berg, A Schouten, JC Eindhoven Univ Technol Lab Chem Reactor Engn NL-5600 MB Eindhoven Netherlands Univ Twente MESA Res Inst NL-7500 AE Enschede Netherlands

This paper describes the heat and mass transfer in a square microchannel that is heated from one side. This microchannel represents a reaction channel in a microreactor that is used to study the kinetics of the catalytic partial oxidation of methane. The microchannel is contained in a silicon wafer and is covered by a thin silicon sheet. At the top side of this sheet, heating elements are present which mimic the heat that is produced as a result of the exothermic chemical reaction. Correlations for Nusselt and Sherwood numbers as a function of the Graetz number are derived for laminar and plug flow conditions. These correlations describe the heat and mass transport at the covering top sheet of the microchannel as well as at its side and bottom walls. By means of computational fluid dynamic simulations, the laminar flow is studied. To determine an approximate laminar flow Nusselt correlation, the heat transport was solved analytically for plug flow conditions to describe the influence of changes in the thermal boundaries of the system. The laminar flow case is experimentally validated by measuring the actual temperature distribution in a 500 gm square, 3 cm long, microchannel that is covered by a 1 mum and by a 1.9 mum thick silicon sheet with heating elements and temperature sensors on top. The Nusselt and Sherwood correlations can be used to readily quantify the heat and mass transport to support kinetic studies of catalytic reactions in this type of microreactor. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Square heat and mass transfer Heating elements Plug Flow electrical steel sheet thermal boundary Plazas heat laminar flow Heating mass transport GRAETZ NUMBER temperature sensor device component

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A monitoring instrument with capacitive porous silicon humidity sensors

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SMART MATERIALS & STRUCTURES 2000年第3期9卷 351-356页

作者： Rittersma, ZM Zaagman, WJ Zetstra, M Benecke, W Univ Bremen Fac Phys D-28334 Bremen Germany Univ Bremen Elect Engn Inst Microsensors Actuators & Syst D-28334 Bremen Germany HST NL-7523 TT Enschede Netherlands

A monitoring instrument with novel porous silicon humidity sensors is presented. The sensors feature a humidity-sensitive capacitor with a porous silicon dielectric, as well as two on-chip integrated thermoresistors and a refresh resistor. The capacitance variation upon water uptake is here modelled with an effective medium approximation. This approximation can be used to understand how the water adsorption is influenced by the pore morphology. It for instance explains why the adsorption is, in general, nonlinear. Hence, here an electronic compensation concept is proposed. The complete instrument consists of hybrid integrated humidity and temperature sensors, a microcontroller interface and calibration software. A maximum of four humidity and temperature sensors can be read simultaneously. The concept shows the feasibility of simple relaxation oscillators for both temperature and humidity measurement with resolutions of 1 degrees C and 1%rh or better. These results can be interpreted as a first step towards monolithic integrated porous silicon humidity sensors.

关键词： Capacitors Porous silicon Adsorption Humidity sensors temperature sensor device component Monitoring instruments Relaxation oscillators HYBRID First Step capacitance sensors moistening water absorption Resolving power

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SiO₂-Fe₂O₃-MoO₃ ceramic system doped with Nb₂O₅, a study of the dielectric temperature dependence

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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS 2016年第6期27卷 5764-5769页

作者： Silva, C. C. Sombra, A. S. B. Graca, M. P. F. Univ Fed Maranhao UFMA Food Engn Coordinat & Mat Sci CCSSTSocial Sci Hlth & Technol Campus 2 Imperatriz MA Brazil Univ Fed Ceara Dept Phys Telecommun & Mat Sci & Engn Lab LOCEM Fortaleza Ceara Brazil Univ Aveiro Dept Phys Aveiro I3N Campus Univ Santiago P-3810193 Aveiro Portugal

In this paper the temperature dependence, structure and electrical properties of the ceramic system SiO2-MoO3-Fe2O3:Nb2O5 was studied. This material can be used for temperature sensor applications. The samples with the composition (100 - x)(SiO2-Fe2O3-MoO3) + x(Nb2O5), with x = 0;0.3;0.5 (mol%) were prepared through the solid state reaction method. The structure of the samples was analyzed by X-Ray Powder Diffraction together with the Rietveld refinement. Their morphology was studied by scanning electron microscopy with Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy analysis. The dielectric properties were measured in the frequency range 1 Hz-1 MHz as a function of temperature. The temperature Capacitance Coefficient was measured for all samples. The obtained results are discussed and correlated with the preparation method.

关键词： Rietveld refinement Powder Diffraction Dielectrics Scanning Electron Microscope temperature sensor device component function of temperature temperature dependence frequency ranges

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Thermoresponsive laterally-branched polythiophene phenylene derivative as water-soluble temperature sensor

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POLYMER CHEMISTRY 2017年第30期8卷 4352-4358页

作者： Chan, Eddie Wai Chi Baek, Paul De la Rosa, Victor R. Barker, David Hoogenboom, Richard Travas-Sejdic, Jadranka Univ Auckland Sch Chem Sci Polymer Elect Res Ctr Private Bag 92019 Auckland New Zealand Victoria Univ Wellington MacDiarmid Inst Adv Mat & Nanotechnol POB 600 Wellington New Zealand Univ Ghent Dept Organ & Macromol Chem Supramol Chem Grp Krijgslaan 281-S4 B-9000 Ghent Belgium

Polymers with thermoresponsive properties have received a strong interest due to their potential applications. Here we report the synthesis and characterisation of a water soluble and thermoresponsive polythiophene derivative. Firstly, a polythiophene phenylene (PThP) functionalised with an initiator for atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and azide groups on the side chains was synthesised. Secondly, ATRP was employed to graft poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (PEGMA) from the PThP to create a permanently water soluble conjugated polymer. Further functionalisation was then conducted through the `click' reaction with propargyl functionalised poly(2-n-propyl-2-oxazoline) to introduce thermoresponsivness. The polymer displayed lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior, as revealed by fluorescence and UV-Vis spectroscopy with potential use as soluble polymeric thermometer.

关键词： ATOM TRANSFER azides Fluorescence atom transfer radical polymerization Ultraviolet visible spectroscopy WATER SOLUBLE Soluble Polythiophene polyethylene glycol methacrylate temperature sensor device component

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Gamma radiation resistant Fabry-Perot fiber optic sensors

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REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2002年第8期73卷 3112-3118页

作者： Liu, HY Miller, DW Talnagi, J Ohio State Univ Dept Mech Engn Columbus OH 43210 USA Nucl Reactor Lab Columbus OH 43212 USA

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) in 1998 completed a study of emerging technologies that could be applicable to measurement systems in nuclear power plants [H. M. Hashemian , "Advanced Instrumentation and Maintenance Technologies for Nuclear Power Plants," NUREG/CR-5501 (1998)]. This study concluded that advanced fiber optic sensing technology is an emerging technology that should be investigated. It also indicated that there had been very little research related to performance evaluation of fiber optic sensors in nuclear plant harsh environments, although substantial research has been performed on nuclear radiation effects on optical fibers in the last two decades. A type of Fabry-Perot fiber optic temperature sensor, which is manufactured by Fiso Technologies in Canada, is qualified to be a candidate for potential applications in nuclear radiation environment due to its unique signal processing technique and its resistance to power loss. The gamma irradiation effects on this type of sensors are investigated in this article. Two sensors were irradiated in a gamma irradiation field and one of them was irradiated up to a total gamma dose of 133 Mrad. The sensor on-line performance was monitored during each gamma irradiation test. Furthermore, the sensor static and dynamic performance before and after each irradiation test were evaluated according to the Standard ISA-dS67.06.01 ("Performance Monitoring for Nuclear Safety-Related Instrument Channels in Nuclear Power Plants", Standard ISA-dS67.06.01, Draft 7, Instrument Society of America, 1999). Although several abnormal phenomena were observed, analysis shows that gamma irradiation is not accredited to the abnormal behavior, which implies that this type of sensor is suitable to a gamma irradiation environment with a high gamma dose. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics.

关键词： Optical Fibers sensors abnormal behavior Technology Nuclear radiation dynamic characteristics Irradiation Nuclear power Inventions measurement system Gamma Rays Fiber optic sensors Radiation Effects temperature sensor device component

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DILATOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF THERMAL-DIFFUSIVITY IN LOW CONDUCTING MATERIALS

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MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 1990年第2期1卷 166-171页

作者： OMINI, M SPARAVIGNA, A STRIGAZZI, A POLITECN TORINO CISM I-10129 TURIN ITALY

Thermal diffusivity of low conducting materials is measured by detecting the thermal expansion of a cylindrical specimen heated at one base, in contact with a copper disc. The simultaneous recording of the temperature of the copper and of the capacitive signal by which one can measure the dilation of the specimen allows the experimental determination of thermal diffusivity without the uncontrolled heat losses which usually occur due to temperature sensors.

关键词： Caste determination Dilation thermal diffusivity Heat loss Conducting materials temperature sensor device component Copper Sex Determination Processes Dilatation, Pathologic

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A SCANNING temperature CONTROL-SYSTEM FOR LASER-DIODES

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MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 1993年第10期4卷 1111-1116页

作者： LI, D BOWRING, NJ BAKER, JG CHINESE ACAD SCI CHANGCHUN INST OPT & FINE MECH CHANGCHUN 130022 PEOPLES R CHINA

A computer-adjustable laser diode temperature control system yielding +/-2 mK temperature stability is described. An integrated circuit temperature sensor and a Peltier heater/cooler are used as the basis of this arrangement. Rather than a conventional bridge, a 16-bit A/D converter is incorporated to determine the temperature to high accuracy. The system is designed primarily to generate rapid temperature scans but is also capable of maintaining a set point temperature for long periods.

关键词： 16-bit temperature stability temperature Diode Laser temperature control temperature sensor device component scanning temperature CONTROL SYSTEM Laser analog digital converter

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Integrated fiber optic sensors for hot spot detection and temperature field reconstruction in satellites

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SMART MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES 2010年第7期19卷 075007-1-075007-9页

作者： Rapp, S. Baier, H. Tech Univ Munich Inst Lightweight Struct D-85747 Garching Germany

Large satellites are often equipped with more than 1000 temperature sensors during the test campaign. Hundreds of them are still used for monitoring during launch and operation in space. This means an additional mass and especially high effort in assembly, integration and verification on a system level. So the use of fiber Bragg grating temperature sensors is investigated as they offer several advantages. They are lightweight, small in size and electromagnetically immune, which fits well in space applications. Their multiplexing capability offers the possibility to build extensive sensor networks including dozens of sensors of different types, such as strain sensors, accelerometers and temperature sensors. The latter allow the detection of hot spots and the reconstruction of temperature fields via proper algorithms, which is shown in this paper. A temperature sensor transducer was developed, which can be integrated into satellite sandwich panels with negligible mechanical influence. Mechanical and thermal vacuum tests were performed to verify the space compatibility of the developed sensor system. Proper reconstruction algorithms were developed to estimate the temperature field and detect thermal hot spots on the panel surface. A representative hardware demonstrator has been built and tested, which shows the capability of using an integrated fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor network for temperature field reconstruction and hot spot detection in satellite structures.

关键词： Reconstruction algorithm Space applications Verification sensor systems system level Integrate temperature fields Fiber optic sensors Fiber Bragg gratings temperature sensor device component satellites strain sensors

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