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The impact of test-first programming on branch coverage and mutation score indicator of unit tests: An experiment

INFORMATION AND SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY 2010年第2期52卷 169-184页

作者： Madeyski, Lech Wroclaw Univ Technol Inst Informat PL-50370 Wroclaw Poland

Background: test-first programming is regarded as one of the software development practices that can make unit tests to be more rigorous, thorough and effective in fault detection. Code coverage measures can be useful as indicators of the thoroughness of unit test suites, while mutation testing turned out to be effective at finding faults. Objective: This paper presents an experiment in which test-first vs. test-Last programming practices are examined with regard to branch coverage and mutation score indicator of unit tests. Method: Student subjects were randomly assigned to test-first and test-Last groups. In order to further reduce pre-existing differences among subjects, and to get a more sensitive measure of our experimental effect, multivariate analysis of covariance was performed. Results: Multivariate tests results indicate that there is no statistically significant difference between test-first and test-Last practices on the combined dependent variables, i.e. branch coverage and mutation score indicator, (F(2,9) = .52, p > .05), even if we control for the pre-test results, the subjects' experience, and when the subjects who showed deviations from the assigned programming technique are excluded from the analysis. Conclusion: According to the preliminary results presented in this paper. the benefits of the test-first practice in this specific context can be considered minor. Limitation: It is probably the first-ever experimental evaluation of the impact of test-first programming on mutation score indicator of unit tests and further experimentation is needed to establish evidence. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Empirical study test-first programming test-driven development Unit tests

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Unraveling the code: an in-depth empirical study on the impact of development practices in auxiliary functions implementation

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SOFTWARE QUALITY JOURNAL 2024年第3期32卷 1137-1174页

作者： Lemos, Otavio Silveira, Fabio Ferrari, Fabiano Silva, Tiago Guerra, Eduardo Garcia, Alessandro Univ Fed Sao Paulo Sci & Technol Inst Sao Paulo Brazil Univ Fed Sao Carlos Comp Dept Sao Carlos Brazil Free Univ Bolzen Bolzano Fac Engn Bolzano Italy Pontif Catholic Univ Rio Janeiro Informat Dept Rio De Janeiro Brazil

Auxiliary functions in software systems, often overlooked due to their perceived simplicity, play a crucial role in overall system reliability. This study focuses on the effectiveness of agile practices, specifically the pair programming and the test-first programming practices. Despite the importance of these functions, there exists a dearth of empirical evidence on the impact of agile practices on their development, raising questions about their potential to enhance correctness without affecting time-to-market. This paper aims to bridge this gap by comparing the application of agile practices with traditional approaches in the context of auxiliary function development. We conducted six experiments involving 122 participants (85 novices and 37 professionals) who used both traditional and agile methods to develop six auxiliary functions across three different domains. Our analysis of 244 implementations suggests the potential benefits of agile practices in auxiliary function development. Pair programming showed a tendency towards improved correctness, while test-first programming did not significantly extend the total development time, particularly among professionals. However, these findings should be interpreted cautiously as they do not conclusively establish that agile practices outperform traditional approaches universally. As indicated by our results, the potential benefits of agile practices may vary depending on factors such as the programmer's experience level and the nature of the functions being developed. Further research is needed to fully understand the contexts in which these practices can be most effectively applied and to address the potential limitations of our study.

关键词： Pair programming test-first programming TDD Experimental software engineering Agile

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Developers' Initial Perceptions on TDD Practice: A Thematic Analysis with Distinct Domains and Languages 19th

Developers' Initial Perceptions on TDD Practice: A Thematic ...

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19th International Conference on Agile Software Development (XP)

作者： Choma, Joelma Guerra, Eduardo M. da Silva, Tiago Silva Natl Inst Space Res Sao Jose Dos Campos Brazil Univ Fed Sao Paulo Sao Jose Dos Campos Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9783319916026;9783319916019

test-Driven Development (TDD) is one of the most popular agile practices among software developers. To investigate the software developers' initial perceptions when applying TDD, we have performed an exploratory study. This study was carried out with participants who had about ten years of professional experience (on average), the majority of whom with no experience using TDD. The study is in the context of an agile project course at the postgraduate level of a research institute. Participants individually developed medium size projects addressed to different domains and using different programming languages. Through a structured questionnaire with open and semi-open questions, we collected information on TDD effects such as the perceived benefits, encountered difficulties, and developer's opinion about the quality improvement of the software. Afterward, we conducted a thematic analysis of the qualitative data. Most participants noticed improvements in code quality, but few have a more comprehensive view of the effects of TDD on software design. Our findings suggest that after overcoming the initial difficulties to understand where to start, and know how to create a test for a feature that does not yet exist, participants gain greater confidence to implement new features and make changes due to broad test coverage.

关键词： test-driven development test-first programming TDD Qualitative study Thematic analysis

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Effects of test-Driven Development: A Comparative Analysis of Empirical Studies

Effects of Test-Driven Development: A Comparative Analysis o...

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6th International Conference on Software Quality Days (SWQD)

作者： Makinen, Simo Munch, Jurgen Univ Helsinki Dept Comp Sci FI-00014 Helsinki Finland

ISBN: (纸本)9783319036021;9783319036014

test-driven development is a software development practice where small sections of test code are used to direct the development of program units. Writing test code prior to the production code promises several positive effects on the development process itself and on associated products and processes as well. However, there are few comparative studies on the effects of test-driven development. Thus, it is difficult to assess the potential process and product effects when applying test-driven development. In order to get an overview of the observed effects of test-driven development, an in-depth review of existing empirical studies was carried out. The results for ten different internal and external quality attributes indicate that test-driven development can reduce the amount of introduced defects and lead to more maintainable code. Parts of the implemented code may also be somewhat smaller in size and complexity. While maintenance of test-driven code can take less time, initial development may last longer. Besides the comparative analysis, this article sketches related work and gives an outlook on future research.

关键词： test-driven development test-first programming software testing software verification software engineering empirical study

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Does test-driven development improve the program code? Alarming results from a comparative case study

Does test-driven development improve the program code? Alarm...

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2nd IFIP Central and East European Conference on Software Engineering Techniques (CEE-SET 2007)

作者： Siniaalto, Maria Abrahamsson, Pekka F Secure Oyj Elektroniikkatie 3 FIN-90570 Oulu Finland VTT Tech Res Ctr Finland FIN-90571 Oulu Finland

ISBN: (纸本)9783540852780

It is suggested that test-driven development (TDD) is one of the most fundamental practices in agile software development, which produces loosely Coupled and highly cohesive code. However, how the TDD impacts on the structure of the program code have not been widely studied. This paper presents the results from a comparative case study of five small scale software development projects where the effect of TDD on program design was studied using both traditional and package level metrics. The empirical results reveal that art unwanted side effect can be that some parts of the code may deteriorate. In addition, the differences in the program code, between TDD and the iterative test-last development, were not as clear as expected. This raises the question as to whether the possible benefits of TDD are greater than the possible downsides. Moreover, it additionally questions whether the same benefits could be achieved just by emphasizing unit-level testing activities.

关键词： test-driven development test-first programming test-first development agile software development software quality

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