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tomato-derived extracellular vesicles increase intestinal zinc transportation by potentially down-regulating the expression of the metallothionein family

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FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2025年 203卷 115804页

作者： Huang, Ziyu Whitehead, Bradley Nejsum, Peter Corredig, Milena Rasmussen, Martin Kroyer Aarhus Univ Dept Food Sci Aarhus Denmark Aarhus Univ Dept Clin Med Aarhus Denmark Aarhus Univ Hosp Dept Infect Dis Aarhus Denmark

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have the ability to regulate physiological and pathological processes across species and have been shown to be present in plants. tomatoes are one of the most widespread vegetables on the market and exhibit a broad range of health-promoting effects, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, little is known about the bioactivity of tomato-derived EVs. Here, we isolated EVs from tomatoes and explored their gene regulatory potential using array-based transcriptomics. Interestingly, using a differentiated Caco-2 monolayer model, tomato-derived EVs were shown to upregulate the transportation of zinc, which may involve the down-regulation of metallothionein proteins (MTs). Differentiated Caco-2 cells internalized tomatoderived EVs. Post-EV treatment the relative expression levels of MT-related mRNAs within the cells decreased by approximately threefold, accompanied by an approximately twofold reduction in intracellular zinc concentration. Additionally, the amount of secreted zinc in the basolateral medium increased by approximately threefold. Moreover, tomato-derived EV regulation of MT gene expression occurred only in differentiated epithelial cells. This effect was observed in differentiated Caco-2 and HIEC-6 cells, whereas no impact was seen on the MT gene in undifferentiated cells. This mechanistic study uniquely demonstrates the bioactivity of tomato-derived EVs, and for the first time, reveals the ability of plant-derived EVs to modify zinc regulation across the intestinal epithelia. This further suggests the potential of plant-derived EVs as functional food supplements in the future.

关键词： Nanovesicle Metallothionein Zinc Intestine tomato

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tomato sucrose synthase SUS3 is involved in flower and seed development

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PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2025年 222卷 109715页

作者： Duan, Yaoke Yang, Lan Han, Rong Gu, Lixia Guo, Jia Sun, Hao Gong, Haijun Northwest A&F Univ Coll Hort Shaanxi Engn Res Ctr Vegetables Yangling 712100 Peoples R China Zhengzhou Univ Sch Agr Sci Henan Key Lab Ion beam Green Agr Bioengn Zhengzhou 450052 Peoples R China

Sucrose is a vital product of photosynthesis and plays important roles in plant growth and development. Sucrose synthase (SUS) is one of the major contributors in sucrose utilization. However, its roles in plant development are still not well understood. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicon) 'Moneymaker', SlSUS3 showed a relatively high expression in flowers, we then further investigated its function in the development of flowers, fruits and seeds. In flowers, SlSUS3 was highly expressed in the petal, stigma and style. SlSUS3 was localized at the plasma membrane and in the cytosol. Silencing SlSUS3 decreased the number of flowers and fruits, and the proportion of multi-petal flowers. The expression of several MADS-box transcription factor genes and the contents of soluble sugar and starch in flowers were lower in the SlSUS3-silenced plants than the wild type. Transcriptome analysis of flower buds from the SlSUS3-silenced plants and the wild type revealed that the differentially expressed genes were involved in pollen development, morphogenesis, polyamine metabolism, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Silencing SlSUS3 down-regulated the expression of amine oxidase genes and increased the spermidine content in flower buds, suggesting that inhibition of SlSUS3 expression may have affected flower development by regulating the polyamine content. Silencing SlSUS3 also decreased the number of developed seeds, pollen viability and germination rate, as well as the expression of genes involved in pollen development. Our results suggest that SlSUS3 regulates flower and seed development by modulating sugar and spermidine levels. This study may help better understand the role of SUS in plant development.

关键词： tomato Sucrose synthase Flower Pollen Seed Polyamine

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Nanostructured Chitosan Coating with a Coffee Residue Extract for the Preservation of tomato and Controlling Pre- and Postharvest Disease Caused by Rhizopus stolonifer

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PROCESSES 2025年第1期13卷 220-220页

作者： Andrea, Mendoza Juarez Mariana, Perez Garcia Monica, Hernandez Lopez Nacary, Correa Pacheco Zormy Silvia, Bautista Banos Laura, Barrera Necha Inst Politecn Nacl Ctr Desarrollo Prod Biot Carretera Yautepec Jojutla Km 6Calle Ceprobi 8 Yautepec 62731 Mexico

The antifungal efficacy of coffee residue extract (CRE) and chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) alone and in combination (CNPs-CRE) against the growth of Rhizopus stolonifer was assessed. Two nanostructured edible coatings (ECs), one consisting of chitosan nanoparticles (CCNP) and another consisting of coffee residue extract encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles (CCNP-CRE), were elaborated, characterized, and applied on inoculated Naples tomatoes to evaluate their fungicidal activity and their effect on fruit quality. The tests consisted of evaluating physicochemical variables in tomato previously sprayed with CCNP and CCNP-CRE for 30 days preharvest and 14 days at 10 degrees C postharvest. CNPs with a particle size of 2.4 +/- 0.24 nm with a Z potential of -1.62 mV were observed, while CNPs-CRE showed a size of 3.9 +/- 0.55 nm with a Z potential of -0.89 mV. The FTIR spectrum showed the integration of CRE into the CCNP-CRE. A synergistic effect between CNPs and 1% CRE was observed, obtaining the greatest inhibition of mycelial growth (43%). In the preharvest trials, both ECs showed differences with respect to the control in the variables of color, total carotenoids and ethylene. In the postharvest test, they showed differences in color and CO2 production. The severity of the infection decreased by 33% in tomatoes with coatings. The ECs evaluated represent a emergent technological advancement in the conservation of the tomato.

关键词： coffee by-product nanoparticles nanostructured coating fungi tomato

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Optimizing Irrigation and Nitrogen Application for Greenhouse tomato Using the DSSAT-CROPGRO-tomato Model

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WATER 2025年第3期17卷 426-426页

作者： Shan, Zhijie Chen, Junwei Zhang, Xiping Si, Zhuanyun Yi, Ruochen Fan, Haiyan Beijing Water Sci & Technol Inst Beijing 100048 Peoples R China China Inst Water Resources & Hydropower Res State Key Lab Simulat & Regulat Water Cycle River Beijing 100048 Peoples R China Tianjin Agr Univ Coll Water Conservancy Engn Tianjin 300392 Peoples R China Hebei Agr Univ Coll Urban & Rural Construct Baoding 071001 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Agr Sci Minist Agr & Rural Affairs Inst Farmland Irrigat Key Lab Crop Water Use & Regulat Xinxiang 453002 Peoples R China

The aim of this study was to optimize water-saving and high-efficiency irrigation and nitrogen application scheduling for greenhouse tomato cultivation in North China. Using experimental data on water and nitrogen inputs, the DSSAT-GLUE parameter adjustment tool was employed to calibrate the genetic parameters of the DSSAT-CROPGRO-tomato model. Simulations were conducted to assess greenhouse tomato growth, water use, and yield under varying water and nitrogen conditions. After calibration, the model showed average relative errors of 3.19% for the phenological stages, 3.33% for plant height, and 4.52% for yield dry weight, meeting accuracy standards. The results from the calibrated model indicated that increasing irrigation or nitrogen levels initially enhanced yield but led to diminishing returns beyond optimal ranges. The maximum tomato yield and water-nitrogen use efficiency were achieved with irrigation quotas between 320 and 340 mm and nitrogen applications between 360 and 400 kgha-1. These findings provide a guideline for efficient water and nitrogen management for greenhouse tomatoes under drip irrigation conditions.

关键词： DSSAT-CROPGRO-tomato model greenhouse tomato water and nitrogen management yield scenario simulation

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The CONSTANS-LIKE SlCOL1 in tomato regulates the fruit chlorophyll content by stabilizing the GOLDEN2-LIKE protein

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2025年第2期24卷 536-545页

作者： Long Cui Fangyan Zheng Chenhui Zhang Sunan Gao Jie Ye Yuyang Zhang Taotao Wang Zonglie Hong Zhibiao Ye Junhong Zhang Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetables College of Life SciencesGannan Normal UniversityGanzhou 341000China National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation&Utilization of Horticultural Crops Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China Department of Plant Sciences University of IdahoMoscowIdaho 83844USA

CONSTANS(CO)and CONSTANS-LIKE(COL)transcription factors are known to regulate a series of cellular processes,including the transition from vegetative growth to flower development in ***,their role in regulating the fruit chlorophyll content is poorly *** this study,SlCOL1,the tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)ortholog of Arabidopsis CONSTANS,was shown to play key roles in controlling fruit *** suppression of SlCOL1 expression led to a reduction in the chlorophyll content of immature green fruit,while the overexpression of SlCOL1 increased *** analysis of protein-protein interactions indicated that SlCOL1 forms a complex with GOLDEN2-LIKE(GLK2),which promotes the stability of its *** overexpression of SlCOL1in the glk2 null mutation background of tomato failed to promote chlorophyll accumulation in the immature green fruit,which suggests that GLK2 is required for the function of SlCOL1 in regulating chlorophyll *** results shed new light on the mechanisms used by COL1 and GLK2 to regulate fruit development and chlorophyll accumulation in tomato.

关键词： chlorophyll COL1 GLK2 BBX24 tomato

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Heat shock transcription factors regulate thermotolerance gene networks in tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)flower buds

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2025年第1期11卷 199-210页

作者： Hongwei Li Yun Liu Yongyao Li Qinqin Yang Tailai Yang Zhi Zhou Yafei Li Na Zhang Yaqing Lyu Yingfang Zhu Tao Lin College of Horticulture China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Shenzhen Branch Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern AgricultureGenome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhenGuangdong 518124China State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement School of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengHenan 450046China

tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)is an important fruit and vegetable crop in *** fertility of tomato reproductive organs can be dramatically decreased when ambient temperatures rise above 35°C,reducing tomato fruit *** is necessary to identify transcription factors(TFs)and target genes involved in heat stress response(HSR)signaling cascades in tomato flower buds to improve tomato plant *** this study,we profiled genes expressed in three developmental stages of tomato flower *** and turquoise modules for heat stress(HS)were identified through gene co-expression network analysis,and the genes within these modules were enriched in HS-related *** focusing on the TFs in the two modules,we identified several novel HSR-related TFs,including SlWRKY75,SlMYB117,and ***,homology analysis illustrated a conserved signaling cascade in ***,we identified and experimentally validated four HSF-regulated genes,namely SlGrpE,SlERDJ3A,SlTIL,and SlPOM1,that likely modulate thermotolerance in *** results provide a high-resolution atlas of gene expression during tomato flower bud development under HS conditions,which is a valuable resource for uncovering potential regulatory networks associated with the HSR in tomato.

关键词： tomato Heat stress Transcriptome Transcription factor Thermotolerance

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SlMYB72 and SlMYB75 antagonistically regulate trichome formation via the MYB-bHLH-WD40 complex in tomato

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JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 2025年第3期301卷 108313页

作者： Qi, Tiancheng Wu, Mengbo Wang, Sijie Yuan, Ying Xu, Xin Zhang, Qiongdan Jian, Yongfei Qiu, Dan Cheng, Yulin Huang, Baowen Li, Zhengguo Zhang, Weiqing Deng, Wei Chongqing Univ Sch Life Sci Key Lab Plant Hormones & Dev Regulat Chongqing Chongqing Peoples R China Sichuan Univ Coll Life Sci Key Lab Bioresource Ecoenvironm Minist Educ Chengdu Sichuan Peoples R China

Trichomes are specialized epidermal outgrowths serving as protective barriers for plants against various stresses such as herbivore attacks. MYB-bHLH-WD40 complex is of great significance for unicellular trichome formation in Arabidopsis, whereas its role in the formation of multicellular trichomes in tomatoes remains largely unknown. In the present study, we identified that the R2R3-type MYB transcription factor SlMYB72 promotes the formation of type II, V, and VI trichomes by inhibiting the expression of SZCycB2, a repressor of trichome initiation. SlMYB75 is a negative regulator of trichome formation and positively regulates SZCycB2 expression. Interaction analyses showed that SlMYB72 and SlMYB75 can form MYB-bHLH-WD40 complexes with SlbHLH150 and SlTTG1, respectively, through mutual interactions. The dualluciferase assay demonstrated that the regulatory functions of SlMYB72 and SlMYB75 in SZCycB2 expression can be enhanced by their corresponding MYB-bHLH-WD40 complexes. Interestingly, yeast-three-hybrid assay indicated that SlMYB75 competes with SlMYB72 for SlbHLH150 and SlTTG1, and counterbalances the down-regulation of SZCycB2 expression controlled by SlMYB72 alone, which is further confirmed by genetic hybrid experiments. These results reveal that SlMYB72 and SlMYB75 antagonistically regulate trichome formation and SZCycB2 expression through MYB-bHLH-WD40 complexes. These findings provide a novel perspective and theoretical basis for the formation of multicellular trichomes in tomatoes and the development of highly resistant plants.

关键词： multicellular trichome MYB-bHLH-WD40 complex tomato transcriptional regulation trichome formation

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ACS4 exerts a pivotal role in ethylene biosynthesis during the ripening of tomato fruits in comparison to ACS2

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PLANT JOURNAL 2025年第5期121卷 e70043页

作者： Li, Jinyan Lu, Yao Cheng, Ke Zhu, Guoning Wang, Xiaoyi Lin, Tao Zhang, Bo Ma, Liqun Qu, Guiqin Zhu, Benzhong Fu, Daqi Luo, Yunbo Zhu, Hongliang China Agr Univ Coll Food Sci & Nutr Engn Beijing 100083 Peoples R China China Agr Univ Coll Hort Beijing 100094 Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Coll Agr & Biotechnol Zhejiang Key Lab Hort Crop Qual Improvement Hangzhou 310058 Peoples R China

In the climacteric fruit tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase 2 (ACS2) and ACS4 are jointly recognized as key enzymes in orchestrating System-2 ethylene biosynthesis during fruit ripening. However, the precise roles and individual contributions of ACS2 and ACS4 within this process remain elusive. Here, we generate acs2, acs4 single knockout, and acs2/4 double knockout mutants through the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Our results reveal that the knockout of ACS2 leads to a modest decrease in ethylene production, with minimal effects on fruit ripening. In contrast, the knockout of ACS4 unveils a severe ripening defect akin to that observed in the acs2/4 mutant, which stems from a profound disruption of ethylene autocatalytic biosynthesis, ultimately resulting in inadequate ethylene production vital for supporting fruit ripening. Transcriptome analysis, in conjunction with exogenous ethylene treatment, conclusively demonstrates a pronounced dose-dependent correlation between fruit ripening and ethylene, wherein varying doses of ethylene distinctly regulate the expression of a substantial number of ripening-related genes, eventually controlling both the ripening process and quality formation. These findings clarify the pivotal role of ACS4 in ethylene biosynthesis compared to ACS2 and deepen our understanding of the fine-tuned regulation of ethylene in climacteric fruit ripening.

关键词： tomato fruit ripening ethylene biosynthesis ACS2 ACS4

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Functional analysis of tomato MAP65 gene family,highlighting SlMAP65-1's role in fruit morphogenesis

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2025年第2期24卷 564-574页

作者： Peiyu Zhang Guoning Zhu Chunjiao Zhang Hongliang Zhu College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China Supervision Inspection&Testing Center of Agricultural Products QualityMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijing 100083China

The plant growth process is accompanied by dynamic changes in the microtubules,and the rearrangement of microtubules is regulated by diverse microtubule-associated proteins(MAPs).Plant MAP65s have been exhaustively characterized in some species,but the information about MAP65 family members in tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)is *** this study,nine SlMAP65 family genes were identified in the tomato *** a systematic analysis that considered the physio-chemical properties,evolution,conserved motifs,domains,gene structure,and cis-regulatory elements of SlMAP65 family members was *** family member Sl MAP65-1,which had the highest expression,was knocked out by CRISPR/*** tomato fruit of slmap65-1 loss of function lines showed an elongated morphology,and the data indicated that SlMAP65-1 is involved in fruit morphogenesis at the early fruit development *** results provide new insights for fruit morphogenesis-related research and future functional studies of the SlMAP65 family members in tomato.

关键词： tomato MAP65 family fruit shape microtubule organization

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Combination of PAMP-induced peptide signaling and its regulator SpWRKY65 boosts tomato resistance to Phytophthora infestans

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PLANT JOURNAL 2025年第6期121卷 e70098页

作者： Yang, Ruirui Su, Chenglin Xue, Zhiyuan Wei, Hongbo Wang, Zhengjie Zhu, Jiaxuan Meng, Jun Luan, Yushi Dalian Univ Technol Sch Bioengn MOE Key Lab Biointelligent Mfg Dalian 116024 Peoples R China Dalian Univ Technol Sch Comp Sci & Technol Dalian 116024 Peoples R China

Late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans (P. infestans), seriously compromises tomato growth and yield. PAMP-induced peptides (PIPs) are secreted peptides that act as endogenous elicitors, triggering plant immune responses. Our previous research indicated that the exogenous application of PIP1 from Solanum pimpinelifolium L3708, named SpPIP1, enhances tomato resistance to P. infestans. However, little is known about the roles of additional family members in tomato resistance to P. infestans. In addition, there remains a significant gap in understanding the receptors of SpPIPs and the transcription factors (TFs) that regulate SpPIPs signaling in tomato defense, and the combination of SpPIPs signaling and TFs in defending against pathogens is rarely studied. This study demonstrates that the exogenous application of SpPIP-LIKE1 (SpPIPL1) also strengthens tomato resistance by affecting the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway. Both SpPIP1 and SpPIPL1 trigger plant defense responses in a manner dependent on RLK7L. tomato plants overexpressing the precursors of SpPIP1 and SpPIPL1 (SpprePIP1 and SpprePIPL1) exhibited enhanced expression of pathogenesis-related genes, elevated H2O2 and ABA levels, and increased lignin accumulation. Notably, SpWRKY65 was identified as a transcriptional activator of SpprePIP1 and SpprePIPL1. Disease resistance assays and gene expression analyses revealed that overexpression of SpWRKY65 (OEWRKY65) confers tomato resistance to P. infestans, while wrky65 knockout led to the opposite effect. Intriguingly, transgenic tomato studies showed that either spraying OEWRKY65 with SpPIPs or co-overexpressing SpprePIP1 and SpWRKY65 further augmented tomato resistance, underscoring the potential of gene stacking in enhancing disease resistance. In summary, this study offers new perspectives on controlling late blight and developing tomato varieties with improved resistance. The results emphasize the potential of exogenous SpPIPs application as an eco-f

关键词： Phytophthora infestans tomato SpPIPs SpWRKY65 disease resistance

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