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Ultrasonic Arrays for Localized Presence Sensing

IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL 2012年第5期12卷 849-858页

作者： Caicedo, David Pandharipande, Ashish Philips Res NL-5656 AE Eindhoven Netherlands

Advanced sensing solutions are central in the realization of energy-efficient lighting systems. This paper presents an ultrasonic array sensor for localized presence sensing in indoor environments. Localized presence sensing refers to the determination of presence and locations of occupants. Our proposed sensing solution comprises of a single transmitter and a linear array of receiving elements. In order to meet presence sensing requirements in indoor office scenarios, a pulsed sinusoid transmitter waveform and receiver processing algorithms for location estimation are designed. The signals at the receiver array are processed to obtain range and direction-of-arrival estimates. These location estimates are improved using a tracking algorithm based on occupant movement models and by mitigating multipath effects. The performance of the proposed presence sensing solution is shown in multi-occupant office environments.

关键词： Direction-of-arrival estimation indoor lighting systems moving target indicator presence sensing tracking algorithms ultrasonic array sensor

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Entropy-based location management in long-term evolution cellular systems

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IET COMMUNICATIONS 2012年第2期6卷 138-146页

作者： Roy, A. Shin, J. Saxena, N. Sungkyunkwan Univ Sch Informat & Commun Engn Suwon South Korea

The recently emerging location-based services in long-term evolution (LTE) systems require the accurate and efficient tracking of mobile users. An optimal information-theoretic framework is developed for tracking area update (TAU) for next-generation LTE cellular systems. Shannon's entropy is used to characterise the location uncertainty of the mobile users. Based on this entropy-based tracking framework, two practical location management schemes, Bayesian-based TAU and entropy-coding based TAU, are proposed. The proposed schemes capture the users' mobility patterns online and perform profile-based paging to optimise the TAU cost. Of the two proposed schemes, the Bayesian-based TAU operates as an independently identically distributed process and improves the paging cost with less storage and computational overhead, whereas the entropy-coding-based TAU using the Lempel-Ziv strategy asymptotically minimises both the update and paging costs with higher storage and computational overheads than the Bayesian-based one. There is some trade-off between the update/paging costs and storage/computational overheads in the two proposed schemes. The simulation results demonstrate that both proposed schemes outperform the existing comparable schemes for LTE systems in all of the performance metrics.

关键词： LONG-Term Evolution (Telecommunications) ENTROPY (Information theory) MOBILE communication systems tracking algorithms CODING theory INFORMATION theory COST analysis

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Data association and geolocation for electronic support systems

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COMPUTERS & ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 2012年第6期38卷 1745-1759页

作者： Kennedy, Hugh L. Scott, William Cook, Stephen C. Univ S Australia Def & Syst Inst DASI Mawson Lakes NSW Australia

Data association (DA) in highly sensitive electronic support (ES) systems is nontrivial when closely-spaced, low probability-of-intercept (LPI) emitters, in cluttered radio-frequency (RF) environments, are sought. A practical processing framework for these situations is presented in this paper. Joint probabilistic data association (JPDA) is used to handle the multitarget tracking (MTT) problem in frequency-augmented direction-of-arrival versus time coordinates (i.e. 'signal' space). It is shown that the JPDA update has a pleasantly simple form when processing a serial stream of time-stamped measurements. A Bayesian M-out-of-N track confidence model is derived using the beta distribution and used to 'integrate' automatic track management functions (i.e. JIPDA). A maximum-likelihood expectation-maximisation (ML-EM) algorithm is also derived and applied to perform bearing-only target-motion-analysis (TMA) in geographic coordinates for confirmed JIPDA tracks. The application of EM compensates for previous measurement-to-signal-track assignment errors and decreases the deleterious influence of spurious measurements, due to clutter or other emitters, without combinatorial complexity. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： LOW probability of intercept radar RADIO frequency tracking algorithms BETA distribution AUTOMATIC tracking MOTION analysis SIGNAL processing

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Comparison of Instantaneous Frequency Estimation algorithms under Power System Disturbances

Comparison of Instantaneous Frequency Estimation Algorithms ...

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General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society

作者： Carcelen-Flores, A. Fuentes, J. A. Molina-Garcia, A. Gomez-Lazaro, E. Vigueras-Rodriguez, A. Univ Politecn Cartagena Dept Elect Engn Cartagena 30202 Spain Univ Castilla La Mancha Renewable Res Inst Albacete 02071 Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9781467327299

This paper presents a review of proposed algorithms for power system frequency and amplitude tracking based on sample comparison, Clarke transformation, Zero-Crossings (ZC), Discrete Fourier Transformation (DFT), Gauss-Newton (GN) search, and Maximum Likelihood (ML) concepts. The aim is to identify their performance, strengths and weaknesses, under present power system conditions, proposing some improvements, and assessing them with real measured signal disturbances.

关键词： Instantaneous Frequency (IF) estimation power disturbances signal model tracking algorithms real data

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A Minimax Unbiased Estimation Fusion in Distributed Multisensor Localization and tracking

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISTRIBUTED SENSOR NETWORKS 2012年第unknown期000卷 1-8页

作者： Qu, Xiaomei Zhou, Jie Sichuan Univ Coll Math Chengdu 610064 Sichuan Peoples R China SW Univ Nationalities Coll Comp Sci & Technol Chengdu 610041 Sichuan Peoples R China

A minimax estimation fusion in distributed multisensor systems is proposed, which aims to minimize the worst-case squared estimation error when the cross-covariances between local sensors are unknown and the normalized estimation errors of local sensors are norm bounded. The proposed estimation fusion is called as the Chebyshev fusion estimation (CFE) because its geometrical interpretation is in coincidence with the Chebyshev center, which is a nonlinear combination of local estimates. Theoretically, the CFE is better than any local estimator in the sense of the worst-case squared estimation error and is robust to the choice of the supporting bound. The simulation results illustrate that the proposed CFE is a robust fusion in localization and tracking and more accurate than the previous covariance intersection (CI) method.

关键词： MULTISENSOR data fusion tracking algorithms SAMPLING error (Statistics) NONLINEAR systems ROBUST control CHEBYSHEV systems

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DI-GEP: A New Lifetime Extending Algorithm for Target tracking in Wireless Sensor Networks

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISTRIBUTED SENSOR NETWORKS 2012年第3期8卷 1-9页

作者： Dai, Shucheng Li, Chuan Chen, Chun Sichuan Univ Coll Comp Sci Chengdu 61065 Sichuan Peoples R China Sichuan Univ Sch Business Chengdu 61065 Sichuan Peoples R China

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are widely used in detecting, locating, and tracking moving objects. The cheap, low-powered, and energy-limited sensors that are set up in large areas may consume large portion of energy and disable the whole network. In this paper, a new energy-efficientmethod based on Distributed Incremental Gene Expression Programming (DI-GEP) is proposed to collaboratively mine moving patterns of moving targets in order to turn on/off some sensor nodes at certain time to save energy further. Meanwhile, an adjustable sliding window is designed to quickly train the latest collected location data in order to improve the efficiency of DI-GEP. The simulation results show that the proposed method effectively prolongs the network lifetime by around 25% compared with the EKF and ECPA.

关键词： WIRELESS sensor networks tracking algorithms ENERGY consumption PATTERN recognition systems DATA analysis COMPUTER simulation

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A Scalable Multi-Target tracking Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISTRIBUTED SENSOR NETWORKS 2012年第9期8卷 1-16页

作者： Oh, Songhwai Seoul Natl Univ Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci ASRI Seoul 151744 South Korea

Multi-target tracking is a representative real-time application of sensor networks as it exhibits different aspects of sensor networks such as event detection, sensor information fusion, multihop communication, sensor management, and real-time decision making. The task of tracking multiple objects in a wireless sensor network is challenging due to constraints on a sensor node such as short communication and sensing ranges, a limited amount of memory, and limited computational power. In addition, since a sensor network surveillance system needs to operate autonomously without human operators, it requires an autonomous real-time tracking algorithm which can track an unknown number of targets. In this paper, we develop a scalable real-time multi-target tracking algorithm that is autonomous and robust against transmission failures, communication delays, and sensor localization error. The algorithm is based on a rigorous probabilistic model and an approximation scheme for the optimal Bayesian filter. In particular, an extensive simulation study shows that there is no performance loss up to an average localization error of 0.7 times the separation between sensors and the algorithm tolerates up to 50% lost-to-total packet ratio and 90% delayed-to-total packet ratio. The proposed algorithm has been successfully applied to real-time multi-target tracking problems using wireless sensor networks.

关键词： COMPUTER networks SCALABILITY (Systems engineering) tracking algorithms WIRELESS sensor networks CONSTRAINT satisfaction (Artificial intelligence) REAL-time computing DATA packets & packeting

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Constructing a Distributed AUV Network for Underwater Plume-tracking Operations

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISTRIBUTED SENSOR NETWORKS 2012年第1期8卷 1-12页

作者： Petillo, Stephanie Schmidt, Henrik Balasuriya, Arjuna MIT Dept Mech & Ocean Engn Lab Autonomous Marine Sensing Syst Cambridge MA 02139 USA

In recent years, there has been significant concern about the impacts of offshore oil spill plumes and harmful algal blooms on the coastal ocean environment and biology, as well as on the human populations adjacent to these coastal regions. Thus, it has become increasingly important to determine the 3D extent of these ocean features ("plumes") and how they evolve over time. The ocean environment is largely inaccessible to sensing directly by humans, motivating the need for robots to intelligently sense the ocean for us. In this paper, we propose the use of an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) network to track and predict plume shape and motion, discussing solutions to the challenges of spatiotemporal data aliasing (coverage versus resolution), underwater communication, AUV autonomy, data fusion, and coordination of multiple AUVs. A plume simulation is also developed here as the first step toward implementing behaviors for autonomous, adaptive plume tracking with AUVs, modeling a plume as a sum of Fourier orders and examining the resulting errors. This is then extended to include plume forecasting based on time variations, and future improvements and implementation are discussed.

关键词： MULTISENSOR data fusion COMPUTER simulation AUTONOMOUS underwater vehicles FEATURE extraction (Data processing) COMPUTER networks tracking algorithms

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Efficient Complex Event Processing over RFID Streams

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISTRIBUTED SENSOR NETWORKS 2012年第unknown期2012卷 1-9页

作者： Bok, Kyoung Soo Yeo, Myung Ho Lee, Byoung Yeop Yoo, Jae Soo Chungbuk Natl Univ Dept Comp & Commun Engn Chengju Si 361763 Chungbuk South Korea Agcy Def Dev R&D Inst 2 Seoul 138600 South Korea Pai Chai Univ Dept Elect Commerce Taejon 302735 South Korea

RFID events are a large volume of stream data that continuously come out for tracking and monitoring objects. Many studies have been done to detect a complex event in the RFID stream. However, the existing studies have many problems which increase unnecessary operations when complex events do not satisfyminimum conditions. In this paper, we propose a new scheme to detect complex events when the minimum conditions are satisfied to remove unnecessary operations. To check the minimum conditions of the complex events, we register complex queries in a query index. We detect complex events using the query index and bitmap. To demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method, we compare it with the existing methods through various experiments. As a result, it is shown that the proposed method outperforms the existing methods as a whole.

关键词： ENERGY consumption RADIO frequency identification systems tracking algorithms QUERY (Information retrieval system) NETWORK performance (Telecommunication) COMPUTATIONAL complexity

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Application of Circuit Model for Photovoltaic Energy Conversion System

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHOTOENERGY 2012年第1期2012卷 1-14页

作者： Pandiarajan, Natarajan Ramaprabha, Ramabadran Muthu, Ranganath SSN Coll Engn Dept Elect & Elect Engn Kalavakkam 603110 India

Circuit model of photovoltaic (PV) module is presented in this paper that can be used as a common platform by material scientists and power electronic circuit designers to develop better PV power plant. Detailed modeling procedure for the circuit model with numerical dimensions is presented using power system blockset of MATLAB/Simulink. The developed model is integrated with DC-DC boost converter with closed-loop control of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm. Simulation results are validated with the experimental setup.

关键词： PHOTOVOLTAIC power systems MATHEMATICAL models ENERGY conversion ELECTRONIC circuits CLOSED loop systems tracking algorithms COMPUTER simulation

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