The development and testing of thermal signature tracking algorithms burdens the developer with a method of testing the algorithm's fidelity. Although actual video is normally used for testing tracking algorithms,...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780819483096
The development and testing of thermal signature tracking algorithms burdens the developer with a method of testing the algorithm's fidelity. Although actual video is normally used for testing tracking algorithms, to evaluate performance in a variety of configurations, the acquisition of suitable video data volume is prohibitive. As an alternative to actual video we are developing accurate synthetic thermal infrared models of vehicles that will be incorporated into background infrared images generated using the Digital Image and Remote Sensing Image Generation (DIRSIG) software package. Motion for the targets within the background scene is generated using the open-source Simulation of Urban MObility (SUMO (TM)) software package. ThermoAnalytics' Multi-Service Electro-optic Signature (MuSES (TM)) software package is used to model thermal emission from the object of interest. The goal is to accurately incorporate thermal signatures of moving targets into realistic radiometrically calibrated scenes, and to then test and evaluate tracking algorithms using both visible and thermal infrared signatures for improved day and night detection capability. The software packages have been integrated together for a synthetic video production that was validated against real-life imagery in the visible, near infrared, and thermal infrared.
Recently, reentry vehicle (RV) tracking has become an important issue because of its high speed and high-elevation angle. The extended Kalman filter (EKF) with input estimation (IE) was developed for an RV tracking in...
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Recently, reentry vehicle (RV) tracking has become an important issue because of its high speed and high-elevation angle. The extended Kalman filter (EKF) with input estimation (IE) was developed for an RV tracking in a clear environment. However, radar tracking suffers from clutters in the form of unwanted, unavoidable and unpredictable signal echoes from sea, land and weather. The Hough transform is a well-known technique for identifying a straight line in noisy environments. This technique can be utilised to design a clutter elimination algorithm for clutters censoring. This study presents a novel tracking algorithm by integrating the EKF, IE and clutter elimination algorithm to track the RVs in cluttered environments. To ensure an RV to be tracked continuously, the estimation errors between the predicted and the real trajectories should be within a range cell. Simulation results reveal that the proposed algorithm can provide an acceptable accuracy to maintain the track. Although clutters cannot be totally censored, the effects of resting clutters can be reduced to an acceptable range. The proposed algorithm may thus help radars in achieving continuous tracking. In conclusion, this algorithm deserves further study and application.
This research aims to improve ventilation protocols in critical care by using appropriate computer models that take into account the essential lung mechanics. This paper automatically tracks the boundary of individual...
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This research aims to improve ventilation protocols in critical care by using appropriate computer models that take into account the essential lung mechanics. This paper automatically tracks the boundary of individual or groups of alveoli, and converts this into a pressure volume curve for three different types of alveoli. Schiller et al. investigate the inflation and deflation of alveoli in a surfactant deactivation model of lung injury in pigs. Three different types of alveoli were tracked using dynamic ventilation data from Schiller et al. The boundaries of all the tracked alveoli compared well visually to the movies. Pressure versus area curves were derived for both inflation and deflation, they captured the expected physiological behaviour, and were qualitatively similar to the quasi-static pressure area curves derived by Schiller et al. Quantitative differences are due to the dynamic effects of ventilation which were not investigated by Schiller et al.
Free space laser communications provides wide bandwidth and high security capabilities to Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) in order to successfully accomplish Intelligence, Surveillance, Target Acquisition, and Reconna...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780819479839
Free space laser communications provides wide bandwidth and high security capabilities to Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) in order to successfully accomplish Intelligence, Surveillance, Target Acquisition, and Reconnaissance (ISTAR) missions. A practical implementation of a laser-based video communications payload flown by a small UAS aircraft is described as a proof-of-concept. The two-axis gimbal pointing control algorithm calculates the line-of-sight vector in real-time by using differential GPS and IMU information gathered from the UAS vehicle's autopilot so that the laser transmitter in the airborne payload can accurately track a ground-based photodiode array receiver with a known GPS location. One of the future goals of the project is to move from UAS-to-ground communications to UAS-to-UAS free space laser communications.
The paper proposes a low-complexity implementation of the Vector Delay Lock Loop (VDLL) suitable for low-cost receivers operating with several GNSS constellations in indoor and urban scenarios. The tracking algorithm ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424487417
The paper proposes a low-complexity implementation of the Vector Delay Lock Loop (VDLL) suitable for low-cost receivers operating with several GNSS constellations in indoor and urban scenarios. The tracking algorithm is based on the propagation of the estimated space/time trajectory through a grid of cells in two steps: prediction and updating. Side information about the receiver's motion and/or environment can be easily incorporated by assigning different a priori probabilities to the cells in the prediction step. The algorithm can operate reliably with a large range of satellites and has shown a remarkable robustness to the multipath effect, especially when the number of satellites in view is high.
Testing and evaluation of a novel pen input device are presented in this paper. The pen input device could be used to write on any type of surface including desktops, blackboards, or in the air. It is constructed by a...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424466757
Testing and evaluation of a novel pen input device are presented in this paper. The pen input device could be used to write on any type of surface including desktops, blackboards, or in the air. It is constructed by attaching an inertial/magnetic sensor module to a writing instrument such as a pencil, a marker, or a piece of chalk. The inertial/magnetic sensor module has three accelerometers, three angular rate sensors, and three magnetometers. A tracking algorithm and a calibration algorithm are described. The tracking algorithm is for estimating the pen tip trajectories based on the sensor measurements, and the calibration algorithm is for estimating the relative position of the sensor module on the writing instrument. Experimental results for writing alphanumeric characters are presented. The relationship between tracking accuracy and writing speed is also discussed.
The paper deals with the voltage events occurred in the low voltage supply systems and with problems about correct recording and analyzing of them. The paper presents two methods of voltage magnitude measurement and v...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9788021440944
The paper deals with the voltage events occurred in the low voltage supply systems and with problems about correct recording and analyzing of them. The paper presents two methods of voltage magnitude measurement and voltage events detection whereas both methods are based on different measuring algorithm. While the first method is currently used in voltage events recorders and power quality analyzers and is based on the measurement of RMS voltage values;the second method tracks the envelope of input signal amplitude in real-time. Both algorithms were simulated in Matlab/Simulink environment and were tested on many types of pre-set voltage events. The results are compared with the parameters of the pre-set voltage event.
Separating a reentry vehicle into warhead and body is a conventional and efficient means of producing a huge decoy and increasing the kinetic energy of the warhead. This procedure causes the radar to track the body, w...
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Separating a reentry vehicle into warhead and body is a conventional and efficient means of producing a huge decoy and increasing the kinetic energy of the warhead. This procedure causes the radar to track the body, whose radar cross section is larger, and ignore the warhead, which is the most important part of the reentry vehicle. However, the procedure is difficult to perforin using standard tracking criteria. This study presents a novel tracking algorithm by integrating input estimation and modified probabilistic data association filter to solve this difficulty in a clear environment. The proposed algorithm with a new defined association probability in this filter provides a good tracking capability for the warhead ignoring the radar cross section. The simulation results indicate that the errors between the estimated and the warhead trajectories are reduced to a small interval in a short time. Therefore, the radar can produce a beam to illuminate to the right area and keep tracking the warhead all the way. In conclusion, this algorithm is worthy of further study and application.
A road tracing hardware and navigation algorithm for smart car is designed based on CCD vision. The road image is obtained by CCD, and is been processed within full-line, regional searched and key points selected to c...
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A road tracing hardware and navigation algorithm for smart car is designed based on CCD vision. The road image is obtained by CCD, and is been processed within full-line, regional searched and key points selected to calculate the route curve, and the route curve is classify for difference control strategy. Depending on the different curve of route, the corresponding control strategy is selected. An intelligent vehicle tracing algorithm which is based on PD control is designed. Through practice, this algorithm can made the smart car run stably and rapidly, even if the guide line of the road is complex.
A road tracing hardware and navigation algorithm for smart car is designed based on CCD vision. The road image is obtained by CCD, and is been processed within full-line, regional searched and key points selected to c...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424455140;9781424455157
A road tracing hardware and navigation algorithm for smart car is designed based on CCD vision. The road image is obtained by CCD, and is been processed within full-line, regional searched and key points selected to calculate the route curve, and the route curve is classify for difference control strategy. Depending on the different curve of route, the corresponding control strategy is selected. An intelligent vehicle tracing algorithm which is based on PD control is designed. Through practice, this algorithm can made the smart car run stably and rapidly, even if the guide line of the road is complex.
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