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Distinguishing seemingly indistinguishable animals with computer vision

NATURE METHODS 2014年第7期11卷 721-722页

作者： Branson, Kristin Howard Hughes Med Inst Ashburn VA 20147 USA

The article focuses on the report within the issue about the development of idTracker, a system that tracks identity through a computer vision algorithm recognizing individuals by their appearance. It is inferred that idTracker will enable new studies of social behavior and individuality. The use of idTracker to measure the behavior of individual animals over long periods of time is highlighted.

关键词： tracking algorithms COMPUTER vision RESEARCH & development ANIMAL behavior AUTOMATIC identification

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Constructing a Distributed AUV Network for Underwater Plume-tracking Operations

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISTRIBUTED SENSOR NETWORKS 2012年第1期8卷 1-12页

作者： Petillo, Stephanie Schmidt, Henrik Balasuriya, Arjuna MIT Dept Mech & Ocean Engn Lab Autonomous Marine Sensing Syst Cambridge MA 02139 USA

In recent years, there has been significant concern about the impacts of offshore oil spill plumes and harmful algal blooms on the coastal ocean environment and biology, as well as on the human populations adjacent to these coastal regions. Thus, it has become increasingly important to determine the 3D extent of these ocean features ("plumes") and how they evolve over time. The ocean environment is largely inaccessible to sensing directly by humans, motivating the need for robots to intelligently sense the ocean for us. In this paper, we propose the use of an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) network to track and predict plume shape and motion, discussing solutions to the challenges of spatiotemporal data aliasing (coverage versus resolution), underwater communication, AUV autonomy, data fusion, and coordination of multiple AUVs. A plume simulation is also developed here as the first step toward implementing behaviors for autonomous, adaptive plume tracking with AUVs, modeling a plume as a sum of Fourier orders and examining the resulting errors. This is then extended to include plume forecasting based on time variations, and future improvements and implementation are discussed.

关键词： MULTISENSOR data fusion COMPUTER simulation AUTONOMOUS underwater vehicles FEATURE extraction (Data processing) COMPUTER networks tracking algorithms

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tracking Algorithm of Multiple Pedestrians Based on Particle Filters in Video Sequences

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COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2016年第1期2016卷 1-17页

作者： Li, Hui Liu, Yun Wang, Chaunxu Zhang, Shujun Cui, Xuehong Qingdao Univ Sci & Technol Sch Informat Sci & Technol Qingdao 266000 Peoples R China

Pedestrian tracking is a critical problem in the field of computer vision. Particle filters have been proven to be very useful in pedestrian tracking for nonlinear and non-Gaussian estimation problems. However, pedestrian tracking in complex environment is still facing many problems due to changes of pedestrian postures and scale, moving background, mutual occlusion, and presence of pedestrian. To surmount these difficulties, this paper presents tracking algorithm of multiple pedestrians based on particle filters in video sequences. The algorithm acquires confidence value of the object and the background through extracting a priori knowledge thus to achieve multipedestrian detection;it adopts color and texture features into particle filter to get better observation results and then automatically adjusts weight value of each feature according to current tracking environment. During the process of tracking, the algorithm processes severe occlusion condition to prevent drift and loss phenomena caused by object occlusion and associates detection results with particle state to propose discriminated method for object disappearance and emergence thus to achieve robust tracking of multiple pedestrians. Experimental verification and analysis in video sequences demonstrate that proposed algorithm improves the tracking performance and has better tracking results.

关键词： tracking algorithms MONTE Carlo method COMPUTER vision GAUSSIAN processes ESTIMATION theory CONFIDENCE intervals

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Moving Target Detection and Active tracking with a Multicamera Network

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DISCRETE DYNAMICS IN NATURE AND SOCIETY 2014年第unknown期2014卷 1-11页

作者： Zhao, Long Liu, Li Fei YunWang, Qing Li, Tie Jun Zhou, Jian Hua Beihang Univ Sci & Technol Aircraft Control Lab Beijing 100191 Peoples R China Beihang Univ Digital Nav Ctr Beijing 100191 Peoples R China Beihang Univ Sch Aeronaut Sci & Engn Beijing 100191 Peoples R China

We propose a systematic framework for Intelligence Video Surveillance System (IVSS) with a multicamera network. The proposed framework consists of low-cost static and PTZ cameras, target detection and tracking algorithms, and a low-cost PTZ camera feedback control algorithm based on target information. The target detection and tracking is realized by fixed cameras using a moving target detection and tracking algorithm;the PTZ camera is manoeuvred to actively track the target from the tracking results of the static camera. The experiments are carried out using practical surveillance system data, and the experimental results show that the systematic framework and algorithms presented in this paper are efficient.

关键词： VIDEO surveillance CAMERAS tracking algorithms COMPUTER algorithms COMPUTER vision RESOURCE allocation SOCIAL aspects

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Adaptive Echolocation and Flight Behaviors in Bats Can Inspire Technology Innovations for Sonar tracking and Interception

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SENSORS 2020年第10期20卷 2958-2958页

作者： Diebold, Clarice Anna Salles, Angeles Moss, Cynthia F. Johns Hopkins Univ Dept Psychol & Brain Sci Baltimore MD 21287 USA

Target tracking and interception in a dynamic world proves to be a fundamental challenge faced by both animals and artificial systems. To track moving objects under natural conditions, agents must employ strategies to mitigate interference and conditions of uncertainty. Animal studies of prey tracking and capture reveal biological solutions, which can inspire new technologies, particularly for operations in complex and noisy environments. By reviewing research on target tracking and interception by echolocating bats, we aim to highlight biological solutions that could inform new approaches to artificial sonar tracking and navigation systems. Most bat species use wideband echolocation signals to navigate dense forests and hunt for evasive insects in the dark. Importantly, bats exhibit rapid adaptations in flight trajectory, sonar beam aim, and echolocation signal design, which appear to be key to the success of these animals in a variety of tasks. The rich suite of adaptive behaviors of echolocating bats could be leveraged in new sonar tracking technologies by implementing dynamic sensorimotor feedback control of wideband sonar signal design, head, and ear movements.

关键词： biosonar predictive tracking tracking algorithms

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AI-Driven Paddle Motion Detection

AI-Driven Paddle Motion Detection

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IEEE International Workshop on Sport, Technology and Research (IEEE STAR)

作者： Najlaoui, Amani Campoli, Francesca Caprioli, Lucio Edriss, Saeid Frontuto, Cristiana Romagnoli, Cristian Annino, Giuseppe Bonaiuto, Vincenzo Zanela, Andrea Univ Roma Tor Vergata Dept Ind Engn Sports Engn Lab Rome Italy San Raffaele Rome Univ Dept Human Sci & Prom Qual Life Rome Italy Univ Roma Tor Vergata Dept Med Syst Rome Italy ENEA ENEA Robot & Artificial Intelligence LAB Rome Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9798350351460;9798350351453

In order to compete more effectively in high level water sport of canoeing, it is essential for coaches and athletes to have a solid understanding of paddle motion. This paper presents a based-AI solution for precisely capturing the paddle trajectory when canoeing. Leveraging state-of-the-art object detection, instance segmentation algorithm, YOLO, helps to detect the accurate shape of the paddle in the different frames of the video. We also offer a comparative study between two popular tracking algorithms: BoT-SORT and ByteTrack. Additionally, this work investigates the impact of the most commonly used optimizers in machine learning including SGD, Adam and AdamW on the system's overall performance. Finally, we found that BoT-SORT performed better than ByteTrack in following and recognizing the paddle in a higher quantity of frames. Moreover, in terms of training procedure, the results showed that SGD outperformed the two adaptive optimizers Adam and AdamW overall, with an average precision of 0.63 as opposed to 0.59 for both Adam and AdamW.

关键词： Machine learning AI paddle motion object detection instance segmentation tracking algorithms optimizers performance evaluation

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Polynomial Chaos Theory for Performance Evaluation of ATR Systems

Polynomial Chaos Theory for Performance Evaluation of ATR Sy...

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Conference on Automatic Target Recognition XX - Acquisition, tracking, Pointing, and Laser Systems Technologies XXIV - and Optical Pattern Recognition XXI

作者： DeVore, Michael D. Bateman, Alec J. Barron Associates Inc Charlottesville VA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819481603

The development of a more unified theory of automatic target recognition (ATR) has received considerable attention over the last several years from individual researchers, working groups, and workshops. One of the major benefits expected to accrue from such a theory is an ability to analytically derive performance metrics that accurately predict real-world behavior. Numerous sources of uncertainty affect the actual performance of an ATR system, so direct calculation has been limited in practice to a few special cases because of the practical difficulties of manipulating arbitrary probability distributions over high dimensional spaces. This paper introduces an alternative approach for evaluating ATR performance based on a generalization of Norbert Wiener's polynomial chaos theory. Through this theory, random quantities are expressed not in terms of joint distribution functions but as convergent orthogonal series over a shared random basis. This form can be used to represent any finite-variance distribution and can greatly simplify the propagation of uncertainties through complex systems and algorithms. The paper presents an overview of the relevant theory and, as an example application, a discussion of how it can be applied to model the distribution of position errors from target tracking algorithms.

关键词： generalized polynomial chaos performance prediction ATR theory tracking algorithms

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Comparison of Instantaneous Frequency Estimation algorithms under Power System Disturbances

Comparison of Instantaneous Frequency Estimation Algorithms ...

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General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society

作者： Carcelen-Flores, A. Fuentes, J. A. Molina-Garcia, A. Gomez-Lazaro, E. Vigueras-Rodriguez, A. Univ Politecn Cartagena Dept Elect Engn Cartagena 30202 Spain Univ Castilla La Mancha Renewable Res Inst Albacete 02071 Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9781467327299

This paper presents a review of proposed algorithms for power system frequency and amplitude tracking based on sample comparison, Clarke transformation, Zero-Crossings (ZC), Discrete Fourier Transformation (DFT), Gauss-Newton (GN) search, and Maximum Likelihood (ML) concepts. The aim is to identify their performance, strengths and weaknesses, under present power system conditions, proposing some improvements, and assessing them with real measured signal disturbances.

关键词： Instantaneous Frequency (IF) estimation power disturbances signal model tracking algorithms real data

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Vehicle tracking Algorithm Based on Observation Feedback and Block Symmetry Particle Filter

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING 2014年第unknown期2014卷 1-8页

作者： Hao, Yanshuang Yin, Yixin Lan, Jinhui Univ Sci & Technol Beijing Sch Automat & Elect Engn Beijing 100083 Peoples R China

This paper proposes a novel particle filter algorithm for vehicle tracking, which feeds observation information back to state model and integrates block symmetry into observation model. In view of the proposal distribution in traditional particle filter without considering the observation data, a new state transition model which takes the observation into account is presented, so that the allocation of particles is more familiar with the posterior distribution. To track the vehicles in background with similar colors or under partial occlusion, block symmetry is proposed and introduced into the observation model. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can improve the accuracy and robustness of vehicle tracking compared with traditional particle filter and Kernel Particle Filter.

关键词： tracking algorithms FEEDBACK control systems MONTE Carlo method MATHEMATICAL models ROBUST control

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UWB/BLE tracking System for Elderly People Monitoring

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SENSORS 2020年第6期20卷 1574-1574页

作者： Kolakowski, Jerzy Djaja-Josko, Vitomir Kolakowski, Marcin Broczek, Katarzyna Warsaw Univ Technol Inst Radioelect & Multimedia Technol Nowowiejska 15-19 PL-00665 Warsaw Poland Med Univ Warsaw Dept Geriatr Oczki 4 PL-02007 Warsaw Poland

Localization systems are the source of data that allows to evaluate elderly person's behaviour, to draw conclusions concerning his or her health status and wellbeing, and to detect emergency situations. The article contains a description of a system intended for elderly people tracking. Two novel solutions have been implemented in the system: a hybrid localization algorithm and a method for wireless anchor nodes synchronization. The algorithm fuses results of time difference of arrival and received signal strength measurements in ultrawideband (UWB) and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) radio interfaces, respectively. The system allows to change the intensity of UWB packets transmission to adapt localization accuracy and energy usage to current needs and applications. In order to simplify the system installation, communication between elements of the system infrastructure instead of wire interfaces is performed over wireless ones. The new wireless synchronization method proposed in the article consists in retransmission of UWB synchronization packets by selected anchor nodes. It allows for extension of the system coverage, which is limited by the short range of UWB transmission. The proposed solution was experimentally verified. The synchronization method was tested in a laboratory, and the whole system's performance was investigated in a typical flat. Exemplary results of the tests performed with older adult participation in their own homes are also included.

关键词： AAL localization systems tracking algorithms

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