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2023 International Conference on Evolutionary algorithms and Soft Computing Techniques, EASCT 2023

作者： Gao, Lu Bohai University College of Physical Science and Technology Jinzhou China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350313413

Computer vision gives computers the ability of visual perception similar to people, so that computers can feel the environment in the field of vision, understand the content of the feeling, and take corresponding actions. Object tracking is a problem of creating corresponding matching between successive image frames based on position, speed, shape, texture and color. Many security problems in laboratories are caused by unsafe behaviors, and most laboratories have built a complete video surveillance system based on computer vision, using these video surveillance data to identify unsafe behaviors. In this paper, image denoising based on morphological filter algorithm, moving target detection based on optical flow algorithm and moving target tracking based on Mean-Shift algorithm are used to provide key technical solutions for the study of unsafe behaviors in laboratories. The results show that the optical flow algorithm has good adaptability and is suitable for both static and dynamic background. If a more accurate similarity measurement function is used, the tracking time is shorter and the speed is faster. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： computer vision detection algorithms Mean-Shift algorithm morphological filtering optical flow algorithm tracking algorithms unsafe behavior

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Vision-Based Estimation of Airborne Target Pseudobearing Rate using Hidden Markov Model Filters

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS 2013年第4期49卷 2129-2145页

作者： Lai, John Ford, Jason J. O'Shea, Peter Mejias, Luis Queensland Univ Technol Fac Built Environm & Engn Sch Engn Syst Brisbane Qld 4001 Australia

The problem of estimating pseudobearing rate information of an airborne target based on measurements from a vision sensor is considered. Novel image speed and heading angle estimators are presented that exploit image morphology, hidden Markov model (HMM) filtering, and relative entropy rate (RER) concepts to allow pseudobearing rate information to be determined before (or whilst) the target track is being estimated from vision information.

关键词： AIRBORNE computers PARAMETER estimation IMAGE sensors ENTROPY (Information theory) tracking algorithms MARKOV processes IMAGE analysis INFORMATION filtering systems

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Leader-Following Consensus of Linear Multiagent Systems with State Observer under Switching Topologies

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MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS IN ENGINEERING 2013年第1期2013卷 1-12页

作者： Gao, Lixin Zhu, Xinjian Chen, Wenhai Zhang, Hui Wenzhou Univ Inst Intelligent Syst & Decis Wenzhou 325035 Zhejiang Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Dept Control Sci & Engn Hangzhou 310027 Zhejiang Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Inst Ind Proc Control State Key Lab Ind Control Technol Hangzhou 310027 Zhejiang Peoples R China

The leader-following consensus problem of higher order multiagent systems is considered. The dynamics of each agent are given in general form of linear system, and the communication topology among the agents is assumed to be directed and switching. To track the leader, two kinds of distributed observer-based consensus protocols are proposed for each following agent, whose distributed observers are used to estimate the leader's state and tracking error based on the relative outputs of the neighboring agents, respectively. Some sufficient consensus conditions are established by using parameter-dependent Lyapunov function method under a class of directed interaction topologies. As special cases, the consensus conditions for balanced and undirected interconnection topology cases can be obtained directly. The protocol design technique is based on algebraic graph theory, Riccati equation, and Sylvester equation. Finally, a simulation example is given to illustrate our obtained result.

关键词： LINEAR systems OBSERVABILITY (Control theory) TOPOLOGY DISTRIBUTED algorithms tracking algorithms ERROR analysis (Mathematics)

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Smeared crack approach: back to the original track

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL AND ANALYTICAL METHODS IN GEOMECHANICS 2006年第12期30卷 1173-1199页

作者： Cervera, M. Chiumenti, M. UPC CIMNE Barcelona 08034 Spain

This paper briefly reviews the formulations used over the last 40 years for the solution of problems involving tensile cracking, with both the discrete and the smeared crack approaches. The paper focuses on the smeared approach, identifying as its main drawbacks the observed mesh-size and mesh-bias spurious dependence when the method is applied 'straightly'. A simple isotropic local damage constitutive model is considered, and the (exponential) softening modulus is regularized according to the material fracture energy and the element size. The continuum and discrete mechanical problems corresponding to both the weak discontinuity (smeared cracks) and the strong discontinuity (discrete cracks) approaches are analysed and the question of propagation of the strain localization band (crack) is identified as the main difficulty to be overcome in the numerical procedure. A tracking technique is used to ensure stability of the solution, attaining the necessary convergence properties of the corresponding discrete finite element formulation. Numerical examples show that the formulation derived is stable and remarkably robust. As a consequence, the results obtained do not suffer from spurious mesh-size or mesh-bias dependence, comparing very favourably with those obtained with other fracture and continuum mechanics approaches. Copyright (C) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： tensile cracking strain softening strain localization damage tracking algorithms mesh dependence

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Learning multi-planar scene models in multi-camera videos

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IET COMPUTER VISION 2015年第1期9卷 25-40页

作者： Yin, Fei Velastin, Sergio A. Ellis, Tim Makris, Dimitrios Henan Agr Univ Coll Informat & Management Sci Zhengzhou 450002 Peoples R China Univ Santiago Chile Dept Informat Engn Santiago Chile Univ Carlos III Madrid Dept Informat E-28903 Getafe Spain Univ Kingston Fac Sci Engn & Comp Sch Comp & Informat Syst Digital Imaging Res Ctr Kingston Upon Thames KT1 2EE Surrey England

Many man-made environments are constructed with multiple levels where people walk, joined by stairs, ramps and overpasses. This study proposes a novel method to learn the geometry of a scene containing more than a single ground plane by tracking pedestrians and combining information from multiple views. The method estimates a scene model with multiple planes by measuring the variation of pedestrian heights across each camera's field of view. It segments the image into separate plane regions, estimating the relative depth and altitude for each image pixel, thus building a three-dimensional reconstruction of the scene. By estimating the multiple planes, the method enables tracking algorithms to follow objects (pedestrians and/or vehicles) that are moving on different ground planes in the scene. The authors also introduce what they believe is the first public dataset with pedestrian traffic on multiple planes to encourage other researchers to compare their work in this field.

关键词： image sensors video signal processing image segmentation learning multiplanar scene models multicamera videos man made environments geometry pedestrian heights camera field of view plane regions image pixel tracking algorithms

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Neural-Fuzzy Digital Strategy of Continuous-Time Nonlinear Systems Using Adaptive Prediction and Random-Local-Optimization Design

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MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS IN ENGINEERING 2013年第1期2013卷 1-12页

作者： Tsai, Zhi-Ren Asia Univ Dept Comp Sci & Informat Engn Taichung 41354 Taiwan

A tracking problem, time-delay, uncertainty and stability analysis of a predictive control system are considered. The predictive control design is based on the input and output of neural plant model (NPM), and a recursive fuzzy predictive tracker has scaling factors which limit the value zone of measured data and cause the tuned parameters to converge to obtain a robust control performance. To improve the further control performance, the proposed random-local-optimization design (RLO) for a model/controller uses offline initialization to obtain a near global optimal model/ controller. Other issues are the considerations of modeling error, input-delay, sampling distortion, cost, greater flexibility, and highly reliable digital products of the model-based controller for the continuous-time (CT) nonlinear system. They are solved by a recommended two-stage control design with the first-stage (offline) RLO and second-stage (online) adaptive steps. A theorizing method is then put forward to replace the sensitivity calculation, which reduces the calculation of Jacobin matrices of the back-propagation (BP) method. Finally, the feedforward input of reference signals helps the digital fuzzy controller improve the control performance, and the technique works to control the CT systems precisely.

关键词： FUZZY neural networks CONTINUOUS-time filters tracking algorithms NONLINEAR systems ADAPTIVE control systems PREDICTION (Logic) MATHEMATICAL optimization

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Ultrasonic Arrays for Localized Presence Sensing

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IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL 2012年第5期12卷 849-858页

作者： Caicedo, David Pandharipande, Ashish Philips Res NL-5656 AE Eindhoven Netherlands

Advanced sensing solutions are central in the realization of energy-efficient lighting systems. This paper presents an ultrasonic array sensor for localized presence sensing in indoor environments. Localized presence sensing refers to the determination of presence and locations of occupants. Our proposed sensing solution comprises of a single transmitter and a linear array of receiving elements. In order to meet presence sensing requirements in indoor office scenarios, a pulsed sinusoid transmitter waveform and receiver processing algorithms for location estimation are designed. The signals at the receiver array are processed to obtain range and direction-of-arrival estimates. These location estimates are improved using a tracking algorithm based on occupant movement models and by mitigating multipath effects. The performance of the proposed presence sensing solution is shown in multi-occupant office environments.

关键词： Direction-of-arrival estimation indoor lighting systems moving target indicator presence sensing tracking algorithms ultrasonic array sensor

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Entropy-based location management in long-term evolution cellular systems

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IET COMMUNICATIONS 2012年第2期6卷 138-146页

作者： Roy, A. Shin, J. Saxena, N. Sungkyunkwan Univ Sch Informat & Commun Engn Suwon South Korea

The recently emerging location-based services in long-term evolution (LTE) systems require the accurate and efficient tracking of mobile users. An optimal information-theoretic framework is developed for tracking area update (TAU) for next-generation LTE cellular systems. Shannon's entropy is used to characterise the location uncertainty of the mobile users. Based on this entropy-based tracking framework, two practical location management schemes, Bayesian-based TAU and entropy-coding based TAU, are proposed. The proposed schemes capture the users' mobility patterns online and perform profile-based paging to optimise the TAU cost. Of the two proposed schemes, the Bayesian-based TAU operates as an independently identically distributed process and improves the paging cost with less storage and computational overhead, whereas the entropy-coding-based TAU using the Lempel-Ziv strategy asymptotically minimises both the update and paging costs with higher storage and computational overheads than the Bayesian-based one. There is some trade-off between the update/paging costs and storage/computational overheads in the two proposed schemes. The simulation results demonstrate that both proposed schemes outperform the existing comparable schemes for LTE systems in all of the performance metrics.

关键词： LONG-Term Evolution (Telecommunications) ENTROPY (Information theory) MOBILE communication systems tracking algorithms CODING theory INFORMATION theory COST analysis

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A Survey on the Impact of Multipath on Wideband Time-of-Arrival-Based Localization

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2018年第7期106卷 1183-1203页

作者： Aditya, Sundar Molisch, Andreas F. Behairy, Hatim Mohammed Univ Southern Calif Ming Hsieh Dept Elect Engn Los Angeles CA 90089 USA King Abdulaziz City Sci & Technol Riyadh 11442 Saudi Arabia

Localization using the time-of-arrival (ToA) of a wideband signal has the potential to achieve high accuracy, thereby making it a promising choice for a variety of applications. However, a major challenge impacting localization accuracy is multipath propagation, i.e., the existence of indirect paths from a target to an anchor (transceiver) via one or more obstacles present in the environment. In this paper, we provide an overview of the techniques proposed in the literature to analyze and address the effects of multipath on localization accuracy. For this purpose, we first cast the localization of one or more targets as a maximum a priori estimation problem, where the distribution of the amplitudes and ToAs of the indirect paths serves as a prior. Under this framework, we show that multipath can either be a blessing or a curse depending on the extent of prior knowledge available about the multipath statistics. Specifically, in the absence of any indirect path information, only the direct paths that go straight from a target to an anchor contain useful position information;in other words, multipath negatively impacts localization performance. Thus, in this case, it is important to detect the anchors having line-of-sight to the target(s), and we review the techniques reported in the literature to solve this problem. On the other hand, if complete indirect path information is available (i.e., the propagation paths of all the multipath components are known), then each indirect path is equivalent to a direct path from a virtual anchor, and hence, the spatial diversity offered by multipath can be exploited for improving localization accuracy.

关键词： Line-of-sight (LoS) identification localization multipath multipath exploitation time-of-arrival (ToA) tracking tracking algorithms

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Equivalent-Model Augmentation for Variable-Structure Multiple-Model Estimation

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS 2013年第4期49卷 2615-2630页

作者： Lan, Jian Li, X. Rong Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Elect & Informat Engn Ctr Informat Engn Sci Res Xian 710049 Peoples R China Univ New Orleans Dept Elect Engn New Orleans LA 70148 USA

A variable-structure multiple-model (VSMM) approach, named equivalent-model augmentation (EqMA), is proposed. Here the model set is augmented by a variable model intended to best match the unknown true mode. To fully utilize the information provided by model sequences (model histories), this variable model depends on the true mode at the previous time. Thus different previous models correspond to different augmenting models. To make the estimation process computationally feasible, the unknown variable model at the previous time is approximated by an equivalent model (EqM) which provides the closest estimation results in the sense of minimum Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence. EqM also contains the online information provided by the measurements. Performance of the proposed EqMA approach is evaluated via two scenarios of maneuvering target tracking. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of EqMA compared with the interacting multiple-model (IMM) algorithm and the expected-mode augmentation (EMA) algorithm.

关键词： RADAR -- Automatic detection VARIABLES (Mathematics) ONLINE information services PARAMETER estimation tracking algorithms RADAR targets

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