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Efficient algorithms for HEVC bitrate transcoding

MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS 2017年第24期76卷 26581-26601页

作者： Wang, Jie Li, Linge Zhi, Guoming Zhang, Zuping Zhang, Hao Cent S Univ Informat & Commun Engn Changsha Hunan Peoples R China Cent S Univ Software Engn Changsha Hunan Peoples R China Cent S Univ Comp Sci Changsha Hunan Peoples R China Cent S Univ Sch Informat Sci & Engn Changsha Hunan Peoples R China

HEVC, which is the latest video coding standard, resulting in much higher compression efficiency than any previous standards. It is expected to take the place of the widely deployed standard H.264. The final version of HEVC has been published by ISO/IEC and ITU-T at January 2013. To speed up its adoption and application, highly efficient transcoding techniques among current deployed video standards and various versions of HEVC bitstreams are needed. Hence, an accelerated HEVC bit-rate transcoder, based on the cascaded pixel-domain framework, is proposed in this paper. Based on thorough statistical analysis, the proposed algorithm mainly utilizes information from the input video stream such as Code Unit (CU) depths, Prediction Unit PU) partitions as well as the image complexity to speedup the transcoding procedure. Experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed algorithm and its suitability for a wide range of bit-rate reduction tasks.

关键词： HEVC transcoding Bit-rate

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Fog-Based transcoding for Crowdsourced Video Livecast

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IEEE COMMUNICATIONS MAGAZINE 2017年第4期55卷 28-33页

作者： He, Qiyun Zhang, Cong Ma, Xiaoqiang Liu, Jiangchuan Simon Fraser Univ Sch Comp Sci Burnaby BC Canada Simon Fraser Univ Comp Sci Burnaby BC Canada Simon Fraser Univ Network Modeling Res Grp Burnaby BC Canada Simon Fraser Univ Burnaby BC Canada Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Sch Elect Informat & Commun Wuhan Peoples R China

Recent years have witnessed the booming popularity of CLS platforms, through which numerous amateur broadcasters live stream their video contents to viewers around the world. The heterogeneous qualities and formats of the source streams, however, require massive computational resources to transcode them into multiple industrial standard quality versions to serve viewers with distinct configurations, and the delays to the viewers of different locations should be well synchronized to support community interactions. This article attempts to address these challenges and to explore the opportunities with new generation computation paradigms, in particular, fog computing. We present a novel fog-based transcoding framework for CLS platforms to offload the transcoding workload to the network edge (i.e., the massive number of viewers). We evaluate our design through our PlanetLab-based experiment and real-world viewer transcoding experiment.

关键词： Cloud computing Delays IEEE Fellows Streaming media Synchronization transcoding TV

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Resource Provisioning and Profit Maximization for transcoding in Clouds: A Two-Timescale Approach

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MULTIMEDIA 2017年第4期19卷 836-848页

作者： Gao, Guanyu Hu, Han Wen, Yonggang Westphal, Cedric Nanyang Technol Univ Interdisciplinary Grad Sch Singapore 639798 Singapore Nanyang Technol Univ Sch Comp Sci & Engn Singapore 639798 Singapore Huawei Innovat Ctr Santa Clara CA 95050 USA Univ Calif Santa Cruz Dept Comp Engn Santa Cruz CA 95064 USA

transcoding is widely adopted for content adaptation;however, it may incur excessive resource consumption and processing delays. Taking advantage of cloud infrastructure, cloud-based transcoding can elastically allocate resources under time-varying workloads and perform multiple transcodings in parallel to reduce delays. To provide transcoding as a cloud service, cloud transcoding systems require some intelligent mechanisms to provision resources and schedule tasks to satisfy user requirements while maximizing financial profit. To this end, we propose a two-timescale stochastic optimization framework for maximizing service profit while achieving performance requirements by jointly provisioning resources and scheduling tasks under a hierarchical control architecture. Our method analytically integrates service revenue, processing delay, and resource consumption in one optimization framework. We derive the offline exact solution and design some approximate online solutions for task scheduling and resource provisioning. We implement an open source cloud transcoding system, called Morph, and evaluate the performance of our method in a real environment. Empirical studies verify that our method can reduce resource consumption and achieve a higher profit compared with baseline schemes.

关键词： Cloud computing profit maximization resource provisioning scheduling transcoding

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transcoding or Not? - A Study of Quantization Configuration for H.264-to-HEVC transcoding 6

Transcoding or Not? - A Study of Quantization Configuration ...

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IEEE 6th Global Conference on Consumer Electronics (GCCE)

作者： Huang, Jing-Ya Lin, Mie-Fen Chang, Pao-chi Natl Cent Univ Dept Commun Engn Zhungli Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781509040452

In the past several decades, many video coding standards with higher coding efficiency were developed. It raises an interesting question: Does transcoding benefit a previous coded video stream? This work uses H.264-HEVC transcoding as the study object. The experimental results show that the quality parameter (QP) plays the key role. With low H.264 QP and high HEVC QP, transcoding can always reduce the bitrate with similar PSNR. The bitrate saving can be over 50%, depending on the texture complexity. On the contrary, high H.264 QP with low HEVC QP can only cost tremendous bitrate with little PSNR improvement.

关键词： H.264/AVC High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) transcoding Quality Parameter (QP)

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transcoding: A New Strategy for Relay Channels 55

Transcoding: A New Strategy for Relay Channels

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55th Annual Allerton Conference on Communications, Control, and Computing (Allerton)

作者： Wang, Chih-Chun Love, David J. Ogbe, Dennis Purdue Univ Sch Elect & Comp Engn W Lafayette IN 47907 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781538632666

The relay channel is a traditional information-theoretic problem which has important applications in the Internet of Things (IoT) and other future communication networks. In this work, we focus on the simplest possible relaying model: the so-called separated (or two-hop) relay channel where there is no direct link between the source and the destination. Previous work has shown that for this channel, the decode-and-forward (DF) relaying strategy is capacity-achieving under the assumption of asymptotic block lengths. In this paper, however, we are interested in the finite-delay regime where simpler sub-optimal techniques like amplify-and-forward (AF) can be used to avoid the need for buffering at the relay. We present a new strategy called transcoding which presents a tradeoff between the low-latency advantages of amplify-and-forward and the high-rate, high-latency decode-and-forward scheme. Our results indicate that our simple, intuitive transcoding schemes outperform traditional relaying schemes in the finite-delay regime.

关键词： Relays Delays transcoding Decoding Computational modeling Communication systems

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Complexity of cloud-based transcoding platform for scalable and effective video streaming services

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MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS 2017年第19期76卷 19557-19574页

作者： Chen, Kwei-Bor Chang, Hong-Yi Minghsin Univ Sci & Technol Dept Comp Sci & Informat Engn Xinfen Hsinchu County Taiwan Natl Chiayi Univ Dept Management Informat Syst Chiayi Taiwan

Nowadays, a fast network improves the quality of our daily life and we can enjoy a variety of services over the Internet. Different types of media streaming services have been proposed and utilized as the network speed is now sufficiently fast to deliver high-quality live streaming. Usually, different media streaming services deliver streaming data by using different protocols such as the real-time message protocol (RTMP), real-time streaming protocol (RTSP), and Windows media HTTP streaming protocol (WMSP). In this paper, we propose and implement a cloud-based scalable and cost-effective video streaming transcoding service platform to provide the service of changing real-time streaming protocols (RTMP/RTSP) and codecs (H.263/H.264). A transcoder dispatching problem (TDP) over the cloud platform is also defined, which attempts to serve all the transcoding requests by minimizing the cost of virtual machines. Further, a transcoder dispatching algorithm and an online transcoder dispatching algorithm are proposed for the TDP. These algorithms are implemented on the Amazon EC2 platform. Experimental results demonstrate that by renting different levels of virtual machines dynamically and intelligently, we can provide a scalable and cost-effective transcoding service for bridging heterogeneous streaming media.

关键词： Cloud-based service Real-time message protocol (RTMP) Real-time streaming protocols (RTSP) transcoding Video streaming

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transcoding Nancarrow at the Dawn of the Age of MIDI: The Preservation and Use of Conlon Nancarrow's Player Piano Studies

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LEONARDO MUSIC JOURNAL 2017年第1期27卷 32-35页

作者： Murphy, Jim Trimpin Victoria Univ Wellington New Zealand Sch Mus POB 600 Wellington 6140 New Zealand

This article focuses on the process by which, in 1987, sound artist and inventor Trimpin converted composer Conlon Nancarrow's Studies for Player Piano from their original hand-punched rolls into the MIDI format. In addition to presenting the technology utilized in this conversion, the article focuses on the collaboration between Trimpin and Nancarrow, and on the significance of the act of porting works composed upon a vulnerable media format to a format that affords extension, analysis and preservation. The article concludes with an overview of a number of example uses of the transcoded Nancarrow scores, including traditional performances and two extended performances and installations.

关键词： MIDI (Standard) transcoding PIANO music PRESERVATION of sound recordings

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Scheduling Video transcoding Jobs in the Cloud

Scheduling Video Transcoding Jobs in the Cloud

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IEEE/ACM Int'l Conference on & Int'l Conference on Cyber, Physical and Social Computing (CPSCom) Green Computing and Communications (GreenCom)

作者： Panagiotis Oikonomou Maria G. Koziri Nikos Tziritas Antonios N. Dadaliaris Thanasis Loukopoulos Georgios I. Stamoulis Samee U. Khan Computer Science Univ. of Thessaly Lamia Greece Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics Univ. of Thessaly Lamia Greece Electrical and Computer Eng. Univ. of Thessaly Volos Greece Electrical and Computer Eng. North Dakota State Univ. Fargo ND USA

Video transcoding is the process of producing from an original (already encoded) input video sequence, multiple output sequences, each at potentially different bitrate, resolution and/or format. transcoding is essential to support video delivery towards clients that use different players and have different network access capabilities. In the most basic scheme the input sequence is decoded and then re-encoded at the desired levels. Although significant research on fast transcoding schemes exists, the transcoding process is still computationally intensive. For this reason efficient scheduling methods that allocate resources to transcoding jobs are necessary in order to achieve good overall performance. Such policies usually aim at allocating transcoding jobs over co-located servers, thus, they typically overlook parameters such as network traffic. Motivated by the case of transcoding in the Cloud, in this paper we investigate the problem of scheduling transcoding jobs over a distributed system comprising of processing nodes that are geographically dispersed and might be whole clusters or even separate data centers. We propose algorithms to minimize both the inter-node network traffic and the intra-node energy consumption, while meeting the deadlines and quality requirements. Through simulation experiments we conclude on the best alternatives.

关键词： transcoding Servers Data centers Energy efficiency Task analysis Streaming media

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Web platform for integration of transcoding in AWS cloud domain with 3d Web graphics

Web platform for integration of transcoding in AWS cloud dom...

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International Conference on Electronics, Computers and Artificial Intelligence (ECAI)

作者： Marius Alexandru Dinca Nicoleta Angelescu Dan Constantin Puchianu Gabriel Predusca Denisa Circiumarescu Department of Electronics Telecommunications and Energy Engineering Valahia University of Targoviste Targoviste Romania

ISBN: (纸本)9781538649022;9781538649015

In recent years, cloud transcoding has evolved rapidly and gaining great popularity due to new possibilities for the content distribution. The advance of JavaScript browser engine has permitted the inclusion of 3D graphics effects in Web pages. We propose a web platform which allows the user to combine a 3D graphics effects with video contents. For video encoding and delivery, the Amazon AWS cloud platform is used.

关键词： transcoding Media Cloud computing Streaming media Pipelines Three-dimensional displays Codecs

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Energy-Efficient Joint Caching and transcoding for HTTP Adaptive Streaming in 5G Networks With Mobile Edge Computing

Energy-Efficient Joint Caching and Transcoding for HTTP Adap...

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2018中国信息通信大会(CICC2018)

作者： Renchao Xie Zishu Li Qingmin Jia F.Richard Yu Tao Huang State Key Lab.of Networking and Switching Technology Beijing University of Posts and Telecom. Depart.of Systems and Computer Eng. Carleton University

With the HTTP adaptive video streaming transmis-sion over mobile networks being widely considered and the new promising technique of mobile edge computing（MEC）emerging,the problem of HTTP adaptive video streaming transmission in MEC-based 5G networks by utilizing the edge computing and cloud computing capabilities has been widely ***,most of the existing works focus on the issues of network resource utilization or the quality of experience（QoE）promot,while the energy efficiency is largely *** this paper,different from previous works,by taking the caching and transcoding into consideration,we propose a joint caching and transcoding sched-ule strategy for HTTP adaptive video streaming transmission in MEC-enhanced 5G networks to realize the energy *** formulate the problem of energy-efficient joint caching and transcoding as an integer programming problem to minimize the system energy *** the optimization problem is NP-hard,which brings huge computation ***,to make the optimization problem tractable,we introduce a heuristic algorithm based on a simulated annealing algorithm to iteratively approximate the global optimum solution with a lower complexity and higher ***,simulation results are shown to illustrate to show that our proposed scheme presents an excellent performance.

关键词： Mobile Edge Computing HTTP Adaptive Streaming Caching transcoding Energy Efficiency

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