From the industrial point of view, image quality is a key-issue. Many post-processing algorithms have been proposed to improve visual quality after the MPEG decoder. Most of them need precise location of the 8/spl tim...
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From the industrial point of view, image quality is a key-issue. Many post-processing algorithms have been proposed to improve visual quality after the MPEG decoder. Most of them need precise location of the 8/spl times/8 grid on which the blocking effect appears. However, in real-life applications, the blocking effect is rarely located on such a basic grid, due to the cascaded bit-rate or format transcoding, rescaling, etc., that occur during acquisition, compression, transmission and display of the video. Consequently, most of these methods see their efficiency largely reduced, or are simply useless. A grid detector is proposed, based on a fine modeling of blocking artifacts in the wavelet domain. It aims at providing essential information to any post-processing algorithm that requires the position of the grid. Several experiments and reliable subjective tests demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed grid detector, and highlight the added value it yields to a post-processing algorithm in terms of visual quality.
We study the problem of using proxy servers to stream video stored at a geographically separate location. The separation of the server and the storage introduces a nonnegligible delay in retrieving video frames in rea...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0769518575
We study the problem of using proxy servers to stream video stored at a geographically separate location. The separation of the server and the storage introduces a nonnegligible delay in retrieving video frames in real time. To ensure network stability we use an additive-increase and multiplicative-decrease transport protocol to support the streaming process. We develop an effective scheme, to achieve high, consistent streaming quality. The heart of the scheme is the control of buffer occupancy at the proxy server We model the buffer as a bilinear dynamical system with Poisson disturbance and develop three buffer controllers. Our empirical study proves the effectiveness of the streaming scheme. Moreover we find that the controllers exploiting the buffer model demonstrate performance significantly superior to that of model-free controllers in overcoming the adverse impact of the control delay.
In this paper we present an algorithm for flow assignment in active nomadic computation. We present the algorithm with a novel active application - a cognizant video streaming mechanism which is capable of negotiating...
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In this paper we present an algorithm for flow assignment in active nomadic computation. We present the algorithm with a novel active application - a cognizant video streaming mechanism which is capable of negotiating local network state based rate and let the video propagate over an extreme network with highly asymmetric link and node capacities. As a platform the stream uses the computing power of a quasi-active network. As a result the passing video stream appears as a self-organizing stream, which automatically senses the network asymmetry and adapts itself as the packets diffuse via the active subnet.
The coding of highly compressed data streams involves removing as much redundancy from the stream as possible. However, as redundancy is removed, so is the ability of the decoder to recover from error conditions cause...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0780373766
The coding of highly compressed data streams involves removing as much redundancy from the stream as possible. However, as redundancy is removed, so is the ability of the decoder to recover from error conditions caused by wireless channels, or other lossy communications links. Standard techniques for providing some protection to the stream against channel errors usually involve adding a controlled amount of redundancy back into the stream. Such redundancy might take the form of resynchronization markers, which enable the decoder to restart the decoding process from a known state, in the event of transmission errors. transcoding schemes, i.e. algorithms which rearrange the data without altering the bitstream length, can be very successful too; the Error Resilient Entropy Coding (EREC) scheme is particularly applicable to compressed video streams. EREC can be quite easily incorporated into the stack architecture of common communications protocols. This paper presents a modification to EREC which greatly improves its ability to recover uncorrupted data in the event of errors. The new scheme, called Code-Aligned EREC (CA-EREC) achieves this by making minor, imperceptible adjustments to some of the data in the bitstream. This allows the codewords to align with the standard EREC packet boundaries. This paper demonstrates that a subtle change to the standard EREC scheme reduces code loss to an absolute minimum in the event of errors in the channel. Although the scheme presented here has a wider applicability, this paper focuses on video coding, and more specifically on the MPEG-4 video coding standard.
This paper discusses encryption operations that selectively encrypt content-carrying segments of multimedia data stream. We propose and analyze three techniques that work in different domains, namely, a syntax-aware s...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0780377133
This paper discusses encryption operations that selectively encrypt content-carrying segments of multimedia data stream. We propose and analyze three techniques that work in different domains, namely, a syntax-aware selective bitstream encryption tool with bit stuffing, a generalized index mapping encryption tool with controlled overhead and an intra-bitplane encryption tool compatible with fine granularity scalable coding. The designs of these proposed encryption operations take into consideration the inherent structure and syntax of multimedia sources and have improved friendliness to communications, compression and computation.
We propose a decision engine with QoS awareness that can automatically negotiate for the appropriate adaptation strategies to be used to produce an optimal adapted version. The QoS-sensitive approach complements the l...
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We propose a decision engine with QoS awareness that can automatically negotiate for the appropriate adaptation strategies to be used to produce an optimal adapted version. The QoS-sensitive approach complements the lossy nature of the transcoding operations. The decision engine will look for the best tradeoff among various parameters in order to reduce the loss of quality, in various domains. Quantitative methods are suggested to measure the QoS of the content versions. Based on the particular user perception of these quality domains and other context information on the client capability, the proposed negotiation algorithm will determine a content version with a good aggregate score. We study factors such as processing overhead and the optimization accuracy of the algorithm, and their tradeoff. We built a prototype document adaptation system for PDF documents to demonstrate the viability of our approach.
This paper addresses the problem of the insertion of irregular-shaped objects, such as logos or subtitles, in video signals in the compressed DCT domain. To achieve this objective, a different approach from the usual ...
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This paper addresses the problem of the insertion of irregular-shaped objects, such as logos or subtitles, in video signals in the compressed DCT domain. To achieve this objective, a different approach from the usual pixel domain compositing operation is adopted, in order to avoid the presence of undesired semi-transparent regions around the inserted objects. The transposition of this technique to the frequency domain is presented, as well as the inclusion of a logo insertion module in the architecture of a compressed domain video transcoder.
In this paper QoS control of a real-time multimedia communication system under heterogeneous environments of wired and wireless networks is proposed. In our suggested system, as channel coding the FEC (forward error c...
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In this paper QoS control of a real-time multimedia communication system under heterogeneous environments of wired and wireless networks is proposed. In our suggested system, as channel coding the FEC (forward error correction) method with Reed-Solomon coding is introduced to reduce the packet error rate on the wireless network. On the other hand, as source coding, transcoding methods including transformation of various video codings such as M-JPEG, MPEG and Quicktime, control of Q-factor within a frame, frame rate and color depth are introduced to maintain the required QoS, particularly the end-to-end throughput. The increases of the required bandwidth by redundant packet addition with FEC can be suppressed by the transcoding functions while the packet error rate is reduced to the accepted value. In order to verify the functionality and the efficiency in our suggested system, numerical simulation was carried out. As a result, our suggested system by combination of transcoding and FEC could correct the packet error rate with an order of 10/sup 9/ while maintaining the frame rate and the amount of data transform constant.
Guaranteed QoS transmission can be performed using signalling reservation protocols, as RSVP. In some situations, if (due to limited network resources) reservation is difficult or impossible, a change of transmitted t...
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Guaranteed QoS transmission can be performed using signalling reservation protocols, as RSVP. In some situations, if (due to limited network resources) reservation is difficult or impossible, a change of transmitted traffic parameters will be necessary. The RTP protocol recommendation permits translation mechanisms to change transmitted stream parameters on the local network boundary. RTP transcoders adaptively change parameters of the stream based on current network state and end-user requirements. In the paper the architecture of videoconferencing systems with integrated end-to-end QoS management is presented. The proposed QoS management is based on distributed measurements carried out by mobile agents and consists of, between others, a set of transcoding agents located in the network nodes.
The present article describes how scaffolding is implemented in an intelligent tutorial system call NTUs (number transcoding tutorial system), and what are the results of the system tested empirically on a group of gr...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0769515096
The present article describes how scaffolding is implemented in an intelligent tutorial system call NTUs (number transcoding tutorial system), and what are the results of the system tested empirically on a group of grade students in fostering their number concepts. To use NTUs the system first analyzes a user's errors on a number transcoding task, and the results of analysis are used to infer the user's zone of proximal development (ZPD). A scaffolding process which vas designed with inspiration from how people learn Chinese calligraphy is provided next in the user's ZPD. An empirical test indicates that NTUs can not only foster students' number concepts, but can also attract them to use it.
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